中国转型发展中农民退出的政治经济学分析

中国转型发展过程中的农民退出问题,是当下中国政治经济学应当给予高度关注的发展问题,其不仅关系到现代农业、农村区域的发展,也关系到城镇化的健康发展、中国经济结构转型与供给侧结构性改革等问题。从马克思主义政治经济学唯物史观的基本观点出发来看,农民退出问题的本质是政府主导的土地改革,关键环节是通过土地资产的显现与置换解决退出农民的土地财产权的诉求,基本途径是政府对能够退出的农民的土地使用权进行购买和对废弃的农村住宅及其他建设用地进行土地整治与乡村更新开发。     

Constitutional Confusion: Slavery,Abortion, and Substantive Constitutional Analysis

A comparison of two U.S. Supreme Court cases about fundamental rights, one on slavery, the other on abortion, sheds light on constitutional law and the principles undergirding liberal constitutional democracy. The Dred Scott case in 1857 denied constitutional rights to enslaved Africans and their descendants living in the United States. The Roe v. Wade decision in 1973 created a constitutional right to abortion that denied constitutional personhood to human beings prior to birth. Both cases involved applications of what legal scholars call “substantive due process”—that is, a substantive interpretation of the constitutional requirement that governments provide persons with “due process of law” that moves beyond procedural formalism. Although many constitutional scholars deny the legitimacy of substantive due process as a legal doctrine, this article proposes that the judicial system cannot ultimately avoid substantive moral questions in constitutional interpretation. In both cases examined here, the crucial question was about who counts as part of the people whom the Constitution protects, and that question could not be answered in purely formal terms. Both Dred Scott and Roe v. Wade erred not by engaging substantive moral questions but rather by denying, in different ways, the natural rights of human persons.     

Spreading the Word: Transaction Cost Economics in the Conversation of Economics

Transaction cost economics is a key topic in many conversations in business and economics related disciplines, much as a result of Oliver Williamson's intellectual crusade. By claiming a “distinct worldview,” he develops arguments of association and differentiation to established worldviews, like traditional microeconomics, earlier institutionalism, Austrian and radical economics, and also within the new institutional economics itself, in order to advance his theory. His resourcefulness defies straight argumentative decisions, catering to different audiences whilst trying to break new ground. Surely Williamson has not pleased everyone, but his discourse is greatly responsible for placing TCE in the everyday parlance of economics.     

新国美 寻找下一个出口

11月16日上午9点30分,中国永乐(0503.HK)在香港资本市场停止了买卖,其股价定格在2.19港元,市值为51.6亿港元,预计将于2007年1月底前退市。不难想象陈晓当时的心情。一周后,11月22日,国美永乐合并而成的新国美电器集团正式成立。在气氛隆重热烈的国美永乐合并庆典上,陈晓第一次正式以新国美集团总裁的身份出现在众人面前。此时的他身着国美统一的黑色西装,看上去与其他的国美人并无二致。从老板到经理人,陈晓遭遇了一次痛苦的转型。和陈晓一样,随着新国美的正式成立,不光是企业中的个人,包括新成立的国美电器集团本身都正在经历一场意义深远…     

浅析经济适用房退出机制

经济适用房是国家建设的保障性住房,是解决中低收入者住房困难的有效办法,但是目前的经济适用房的退出机制不完善。本文首先解读经济适用房政策,分析经济适用房退出机制不健全使得住房保障资源缺乏累计倍增效应,最后得出必须建立政府优先回购经济适用房政策实行内循环。     

Keynesian Comparative Economics:

A BSTRACT . The authors of this article review the late E. Lynn Turgeon's contributions to economics, including his studies of the Soviet economy, use of qualitative and demographic analyses, his Keynesian critique of U.S. economic performance, and his critique of international financial markets. Turgeon's comparative approach led to unique insights about the challenges that confronted planned economies, including the differential impact of military spending on the demand-constrained economy of the United States and the supply-constrained economy of the Soviet Union. His study of the Soviet and planned economies also informed his analysis of the U.S. economy and international adjustment mechanisms. Turgeon argued for expansionary fiscal and neutral monetary policies, prudential restrictions on portfolio capital flows, and increased foreign direct investment and foreign assistance to shift the burdens of adjustment from deficit to surplus countries. Throughout his career, Turgeon measured economic policies by their effects on real people, including impacts on employment, the environment, living standards, and distributions of income and wealth.     

Teaching Economics: the Failure of Macro economics

The teaching of economics has for decades been dominated by macro-economic analysis — the study of output, employment, investment and other economic indicators in aggregate — to the neglect of the micro-economic emphasis on price. G. R. Steele, Lecturer in Economics at the University of Lancaster, contends that the predominance of macro presents students of economics with an essentially false picture of the way in which an economy functions.     

环管型燃烧室出口温度场调试

燃烧室在完成设计定型前,要对其出口的温度分布情况进行评估,以判定是否满足涡轮部件的要求。如果未达到标准要求就需要对燃烧室的部件进行调整,这种调整主要集中在火焰筒和喷嘴的相关结构参数上,调整的幅度应控制在一定范围内,以避免影响燃烧室的其它性能指标。     

“退出”、“呼吁”与医生行为的激励机制

中国公立医院现行的医生激励机制难以有效激励医生合理医疗。依据赫希曼(Hirschman)的"退出-呼吁"理论,文章首次构建博弈模型分析患者呼吁在约束医生行为方面的作用,并分析了患者退出对医生行为的影响。当二者成本较低时,患者退出和呼吁能够约束医生合理医疗。但随着患者退出和呼吁成本的提高,上述机制作用下降,直至完全无效。此外,患者退出有利于正面激励医生。文章围绕降低患者的退出和呼吁成本,从外部治理和内部治理入手,重构医生激励机制。     

Exit problems in regime-switching models

This paper provides a general framework for pricing of perpetual American and real options in regime-switching Lévy models. In each state of the Markov chain, which determines switches from one Lévy process to another, the payoff stream is a monotone function of the Lévy process labeled by the state. This allows for additional switching within each state of the Markov chain (payoffs can be different in different regions of the real line). The pricing procedure is efficient even if the number of states is large provided the transition rates are not very large w.r.t. the riskless rates. The payoffs and riskless rates may depend on a state. Special cases are stochastic volatility models and models with stochastic interest rate; both must be modeled as finite-state Markov chains. As an application, we solve exit problems for a price-taking firm, and study the dependence of the exit threshold on the interest rate uncertainty.     

Exit, selection, and the value of firms

This paper studies a competitive dynamic model with firm level uncertainty and derives implications for the distribution of firm values and Tobin's q. Allowing for entry and exit, the model determines endogenously the degree of selection. A consequence of this selection is that average industry q values are biased above one. As parameters describing the technology and firm level uncertainty are changed, the equilibrium distribution for q values changes. This comparative statics is developed in the paper.     

The Economics of Crime: Climbing the Decision Tree

How is it possible to study crime as an economic problem? George Brower, of the University of Connecticut, shows how the original argument of Professor Gary Becker has been tested and developed.     

Prudence and Constitutional Rights

ABSTRACT . In The Calculus of Consent, Buchanan and Tullock argue for institutional safeguards to ensure maximal benefit for all members of a community against the potential tyranny of the majority. I extend this idea by introducing prudential concerns and argue that they ought to be factored into the decision making that constructs such safeguards. Specifically, I see the safeguarding of prudential concerns for all members of society as a matter that should be secured from the random fate of the political process by constitutional provisions.     

谈高速公路隧道出口滑坡治理方案选定

文章以某高速公路隧道出口滑坡勘察为例,介绍了滑坡类型及要素、滑坡范围、滑坡性质和滑坡区的工程地质条件,分析了滑坡的成围,提出防治方案及为整治设计提供岩土工程参数.     

谈高速公路隧道出口滑坡治理方案选定

文章以某高速公路隧道出口滑坡勘察为例,介绍了滑坡类型及要素、滑坡范围、滑坡性质和滑坡区的工程地质条件,分析了滑坡的成因,提出防治方案及为整治设计提供岩土工程参数。