本期导读

●建设创新型国家需要大力增强自主创新能力，而科研绩效直接影响着创新能力的提升。在此背景下，对科研绩效的关注已成为当前的一个研究热点，特别是如何有效地利用资源，最大限度地提升科研绩效更是其中的重点和难点。孙海华、戚湧和李千目针对科研绩效评价的研究现状，在Multi—AHP的基础上，融合TOPDIS法，提出了《一种新的基于TOPDIS的科研绩效提升方法》。     

项目申请者“头衔”更有利于科研绩效提升吗——一个面向国家社科基金教育学项目产出的倒序评估

如何预判项目申请者的科研绩效是科研资助中的焦点问题。不同于传统做法，以已结题的国家社科基金教育学项目产出为既定绩效，利用倾向得分匹配方法，倒序评估项目申请者既有“头衔”对产出绩效的因果效应，结果发现：项目申请者“头衔”显著提升了科研绩效，较行政职务头衔，学术荣誉头衔带来的科研绩效提升更显著。但并非所有类型头衔都显著作用于科研绩效，确切地讲，教育部新世纪人才、国务院特殊津贴专家、校长、院长、研究所所长及副所长等头衔更有利于科研绩效提升。对此，基金主管部门可通过适当增加对有“头衔”者的资助，构建以成果为导向的资助方式，倡导以结项为依据的评价体系，开放以质量为核心的结题通道等途径改善科研项目绩效。     

项目申请者“头衔”更有利于科研绩效提升吗——一个面向国家社科基金教育学项目产出的倒序评估

如何预判项目申请者的科研绩效是科研资助中的焦点问题。不同于传统做法，以已结题的国家社科基金教育学项目产出为既定绩效，利用倾向得分匹配方法，倒序评估项目申请者既有“头衔”对产出绩效的因果效应，结果发现：项目申请者“头衔”显著提升了科研绩效，较行政职务头衔，学术荣誉头衔带来的科研绩效提升更显著。但并非所有类型头衔都显著作用于科研绩效，确切地讲，教育部新世纪人才、国务院特殊津贴专家、校长、院长、研究所所长及副所长等头衔更有利于科研绩效提升。对此，基金主管部门可通过适当增加对有“头衔”者的资助，构建以成果为导向的资助方式，倡导以结项为依据的评价体系，开放以质量为核心的结题通道等途径改善科研项目绩效。     

武陵源世界自然遗产地旅游扶贫绩效模糊评价

首先采用Delphi法和AHP法建立旅游扶贫绩效评价指标体系，然后以武陵源世界自然遗产为例，运用问卷调查和模糊分析法评价武陵源世界自然遗产旅游扶贫绩效。评价结果表明：旅游产业的扶贫经济绩效非常显著，扶贫社会绩效比较显著，扶贫生态绩效处于一般水平，但总体的扶贫绩效非常显著，最后提出了相关对策。     

创新政策与科研结构双重影响下高校科技创新绩效研究

我国高校科技创新政策与科研结构不协调问题影响了高校创新绩效。基于2004—2019年中国内地27个省份高校面板数据，运用路径模型、分位数回归模型和双向固定效应模型，探究创新政策与科研结构对高校科技创新绩效的影响。结果表明，高校创新政策与科研结构对创新绩效具有正向影响。结合科研产出与成果转化两个阶段，创新政策能够显著促进科研产出绩效提升，但对科技成果转化绩效的影响表现出一定的非线性特征。其中，创新政策对科技成果转化绩效具有负向影响，而科研产出绩效在两者之间发挥中介作用，说明存在一定程度的科技成果隐性转化。科研结构对创新绩效的推动作用存在分异，集中作用于科研产出阶段，说明教学与科研之间的一致性和竞争性依然存在。据此，提出应进一步发挥创新政策对科技成果转化目标的正向引导作用，在政策层面关注科技成果隐性转化，强化科研方向转移与创新要素配置的作用。     

研究院绩效综合评价的研究与应用

石油企业研究院是从事科研劳动的实体和基层单位。为了促进研究院更好地出成果、出人才、出效益,就需要对其进行考核评价。由于组织结构与科技人员的业务水平、创造能力和工作条件不同,故对研究院科研劳动绩效的综合评价,从理论上讲是一个多目标、多参量、多边界条件的考核问题,难度很大。文章通过采用定性与定量相结合、以定量为主的方法。探索出了一套较为科学的科研劳动绩效综合评价模式,该评价系统的应用,取得了明显的科研经营效益和社会效益。     

基于协同平台的高校教师科研绩效评价体系

在研究组织人员行为绩效评价体系的基础上,分析了传统的KPI(key performance indicator)评价方式所面临的主要问题,提出针对高校教师科研绩效进行分类建模,并设计相应的绩效指标、绩效算法及评价体系来解决问题。最后,用某院教职工2015—2019年在协同信息管理平台上的行为数据,检验了该体系的有效性及合理性,并针对基于协同平台的高校教师科研绩效评价体系的结果分析,提出高校科研管理及绩效激励方案。     

港口物流绩效定量评价理论及应用

港口发展日渐成为经济发展所关注的焦点,推行港口物流综合评价是提升港口物流竞争力的有效途径之一.运用Delphi法和AHP法建立了港口物流层次分析模型,构建了物流绩效综合评价指标体系.选用基于"差动"原理的赋权法--G1法计算各指标的权重,应用模糊综合评价法对其进行绩效综合评价.采用平均加权法对评价因素的各项指标进行量化处理,从而得到港口物流绩效的综合评价结果.最后,对宁波港港口物流绩效进行了实际验证,比较真实地反映了其绩效状况;对青岛港、大连港、宁波港和上海港港口物流绩效作了比较性评价,评价结果与这几个港口实际发展情况基本吻合.为这些港口的进一步发展提供了理论依据.     

多目标多属性科研绩效模糊评价模型研究

全面、客观、公正地评价科研业绩,有助于正确引导科研人员进行科研创新活动,提升高校科研水平。文章在客观分析了财经类高校科研绩效评价制度、评价体系等方面所存在的不足,提出在科研绩效评价模型中引入科学研究属性权重因子,通过分析科研投入产出的基础上建立合理的科研绩效评价指标系,利用层次分析法和专家咨询确定各指标的权重,最后通过规范化处理指标矩阵建立多目标多属性的科研绩效模糊评价模型。     

一种新的基于TOPDIS的科研绩效提升方法

建设创新型国家需要大力增强自主创新能力,科学研究的绩效直接影响着自主创新能力的提升。介绍了科研绩效评价的研究现状,在Multi-AHP(群组层次分析法)的基础上,融合TOPSIS法,提出了一种新的基于Topdis(Techniquefororderpreferencebydistancetoidealsolution)的科研绩效提升方法,并通过建立科研绩效评价指标体系,选取部分高校样本进行实证分析,最后给出相关的科研绩效提升建议。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。