川西北旅游资源开发与对策研究研究

本文以川西北旅游资源为研究对象 ,初步分析了川西北旅游资源特征 ,并提出了在川西北旅游资源可持续开发过程中的具体对策。     

川西北农村低碳消费影响因素及对策探析

川西北生态经济区发展全域旅游作为四川省"十三五"时期的发展战略之一,为川西北农村倡导低碳消费提供了契机,本文在前期研究成果的基础上探寻川西北农村低碳消费影响因素并试图从政府、社会组织及个人等多角度探索一条适合川西北农村发展低碳经济,践行低碳消费的发展路径,甚至推而广之。     

建立川西北资源开发区加快民族地区农村经济发展

建立川西北资源开发区加快民族地区农村经济发展刘发生川西北地区在构建四川新的发展战略格局中具有独特的作用。为此，我们建议：建立“川西北资源开发区”，加快资源开发，推动民族经济快速发展，同“攀西综合开发区”形成全省两大发展战略基地。川西北地大物博，资源富...     

川西北高原特色农业的发展思路

川西北高原具有独特的自然和人文条件,长期以来,发育了独具特色的农业。由于区位、自然和人为等多方面因素,导致川西北高原农牧业经济基础薄弱,发展乏力。如何科学统筹自然和人文资源,变不利为有利,化劣势为优势,加快区域农业发展,成为关键问题。本文提出了科学统筹自然和社会两大资源,加大科技在经济中的贡献份额,开发人才潜力,发展特色经济、循环经济和科学调整产业结构的思路。     

青藏高原地区草原生态旅游资源及其SWOT分析*——以若尔盖草原为例

[目的]草原旅游属于草地农业生态系统的前植物生产层,是草地资源开发利用和绿色草产业可持续发展的新方向。青藏高原草原面积巨大,具有地域特色鲜明、动植物资源丰富、文化底蕴深厚、区位优势明显及潜在的生态风险等特点,为了满足草原旅游活动和草原生态保护的双重目的,促进高寒草原旅游的可持续发展。[方法]运用SWOT分析法,以川西北若尔盖草原旅游资源及开发利用为例,对其草原生态旅游资源的优势(S)、劣势(W)、机遇(O)和挑战(T)进行分析。[结果]若尔盖草原旅游产业具有品牌、资源、区位和知名度四大优势,并存季节性不平衡、基础设施不完善和体验性较差三大劣势,具有国家及地方政策规划、公众追求自然回归原始需求的两大机遇,同时面临草地资源保护     

基于生态足迹模型的川西北沙化地区生态补偿量化研究

[目的]环境恶化,尤其是土壤沙化,已经严重制约了川西北地区的经济发展。对川西北沙化地区的生态补偿进行量化,有助于了解当地资源环境现状,对今后社会经济的发展提出可行性建议,以期实现资源环境与社会经济的协同发展。[方法]采用生态足迹模型,全面统计该地区主要消费品人均消费量,计算人均生态足迹。依据各生产性土地的面积数据,通过产量因子和均衡因子参数测算该地区的人均生态容量。在此基础上,依据生态服务价值理论,对川西北沙化地区2011~2015年的生态补偿进行了量化。[结果]该地区2011~2013年人均生态足迹呈上升趋势,2013~2015年呈下降趋势。2011~2015年人均生态容量明显降低。总体来看,该地区尚处于生态盈余状态,生态状况良好,但生态盈余额逐年减少。[结论]该地区今后需要从降低人均生态足迹和缓解生态容量降低的趋势入手,不断提高资源的利用效率,增强当地居民的节约意识,努力开发可再生资源,以维持川西北沙化地区资源环境和社会经济的可持续发展。     

川西北林业可持续发展对策刍议

川西北森林资源破坏性采伐使生态环境问题严重,制约了经济发展。提出了实施生态建设工程、建设生态农业、发展生态旅游等川西北林业可持续发展的对策。     

川西高原农业生态旅游资源的开发与利用

川西地区处于中国较偏远的地带,地形十分复杂,有许多地区甚至处于地震带上,相对于我国东部、南部等地区川西人口密集程度低。川西地区以前采用的是粗放型的农业生产方式,盲目照抄照搬其它省份的经济发展模式,并未结合自身的实际情况,最终导致了水土严重流失,生态环境脆弱,经济水平仍旧止步不前,同时还使川西高原的传统产业也受到了影响。川西地区面临着经济发展与生态环境保护这两大难题,因此川西地区急需找到一条新的发展路子来推动该地区持续、健康发展。结合当地特色,因地制宜,发展农业生态旅游是实现这一目标的不二选择。川西高原地区具有旅游资源丰富的优势,发展生态旅游的潜力巨大,有着得天独厚的地势特点,稀有的动植物资源,极具民族特色的文化等条件,并且国家近几年加大对西部地区可持续发展战略的支持,这些都成为开展生态旅游的最宝贵资源。川西地区发展农业生态旅游是一种环境友好型、资源节约型的产业,符合客观现实与可持续发展战略的要求。将农业与生态旅游完美地结合在一起,真正地实现了经济增长、生态保护、社会效益三者之间的同步与协调发展,重新分配了农村资源、整合农村功能,实现了农村产业生态化与产业多功能化,最终将建立以生态农业旅游为主导,带动第三产业,如餐饮业、交通运输业等发展的新型旅游发展模式。     

川西横断山高山峡谷区旅游资源评价及开发构想

川西横断山高山峡谷区是我国西部地区山地旅游发展的典型区域之一,也是四川旅游发展最具潜力的地区之一。通过野外实地踏勘、文献查阅和调查走访,依据《旅游资源分类、调查与评价》国家标准对该区域的旅游资源做了全面的调查及评价,在此基础上,提出该区域发展山地旅游的开发理念、开发准则、开发定位以及开发策略,并对该区域发展山地旅游的特殊性进行了总结,提出基于生态保护、旅游体验和社区参与三大核心要素的西部山地旅游发展模式构想。     

四川康定旅游发展现状及其对策研究

因《康定情歌》而闻名于世的四川省甘孜州首府康定,不仅是川藏旅游黄金线的重要节点,也是川西环贡嘎和香格里拉旅游圈的重要集散地,同时拥有众多独特的高品位旅游资源,发展旅游业优势十分明显。然而其近年来的旅游业发展状况却与其自身的区位优势和资源等级不相匹配,其旅游市场现状与同质化地区相比仍有较大差距。运用SWOT分析法,通过实地调研,并结合数据统计,对康定旅游业发展的现状做了全面的分析和总结,明确指出制约康定旅游发展瓶颈的同时,深入探讨了旅游发展的机遇和挑战,提出了康定旅游发展的定位和战略对策。     

分析后感性1999-2009

前言后感性是在85新潮、89大展之后,中国社会情绪正处在一个失落的底点,85-89的艺术家大部分流落海外,与之前的70年代末星星画会情况相仿佛。而中国当代艺术的发展也正处在一个从强调自我身份(身份认同)、民族观(世界观的一部分)、颠覆与革命(89事件)、全球化(与世界接轨)等等现象迸发的转     

USGS"2000世界油气评价"待发现油气资源预测法

美国地质调查局 2 0 0 0年的油气资源评价中 ,主要进行了两个方面的预测 :待发现油气资源预测和储量增长预测。待发现油气资源的预测主要运用了油气藏规模分布预测方法及蒙特卡洛模拟方法。     

20世纪中期关中地区的土地问题 --以高陵县通远乡为例

本文通过对土地改革前后高陵县通远乡的土地状况的个案分析，论证了正是因为关中地区人地关系的宽松，租佃关系不普遍，地主和富农拥有的土地不多，结果在土地改革期间，关中地区可供分配的土地比较少，当地政府无法同时做到既完全贯彻中央精神，又充分考虑到地方实际情况，最终在实际执行中，导致了中央政令与地方具体实践在一定程度上的背离；而就产中地区的土地改革本身而言，其效果是不经济的。     

Editorial - Multiple-use forestry

The problem of multiple-use forestry arises because (1) a forest can be managed to provide a wide range of products and services, (2) the different uses are not perfectly compatible with each other, and (3) some products are not priced in markets and many of the services a forest provides have the characteristics of public goods. Examples of major forest products include, in addition to timber, edible berries, fungi, and hunting games. Forests also provide recreation opportunities and various environmental services (such as regulating local climate, reducing soil erosion, reducing pollutants in the atmosphere, regulating the global climate, providing habitats for wildlife, etc.). The outputs of nontimber goods in general depend on the quantity and structure of the forest, which can be changed by various forest management activities. However, a forest state most suitable for the production of one good is usually not optimal with respect to another good. Typically, there does not exist a set of management activities that simultaneously maximize the outputs of timber and all other goods.Another way to understand the conflicts between different uses is to view standing timber as an intermediate product of forestry investment, which is employed as an “input” for the production of timber products and nontimber goods. Thinking in this way, the conflicts arise partly because timber production and nontimber uses compete for the same input, and partly because of the differences in the “production technology” among different nontimber goods. A change in the standing timber may have positive impacts on some nontimber uses, but have negative effects on others. Because of the conflicts among different uses, it requires that both timber products and nontimber goods should be explicitly incorporated into forestry decision-making in order to achieve the greatest benefits to the forest owner and/or the public.Most of the economic analyses of multiple-use forestry decisions have explicitly or implicitly adopted the view that multiple-use should be achieved in individual stands. Each stand should be managed to produce an optimal mix of timber products and nontimber goods. Another view of multiple-use forestry is to manage each stand for a primary use, whereas multiple-use concerns are addressed by allocating different stands in a forest to different uses. A general argument in support of the primary-use view is that specialization makes for efficiency. The production of timber and nontimber goods is a joint process, however. Strictly speaking, one cannot separate timber production and the production of different nontimber goods. For example, managing a stand for timber production does not exclude the possibility of producing some nontimber goods in the stand. Since every stand usually produces more than one product, efficient multiple-use forestry requires that each stand should be managed for an optimal mix of timber and nontimber outputs. On the other hand, it may well be the case that the optimal multiple-use mix for a particular stand consists of a maximum output of one product. In this case the optimal multiple-use management decision would coincide with the optimal decision pertaining to a single use. In other words, it may be optimal to manage a particular stand for one primary use. Using the terminology of economics, primary-use may be efficient for stands in which the multiple-use production set is nonconvex. Recent research has explored several sources of nonconvexity in the multiple-use production set. However, there is no evidence supporting the argument that specialization is always more efficient than multiple-use management of individual stands. From an economics viewpoint, efficient primary-use is special cases of multiple-use stand management.A widely recognized limitation of multiple-use stand management is that, by considering each stand separately, one neglects the interdependence of nontimber benefits and ecological interactions among individual stands. The nontimber benefits of a stand depend on the output of nontimber goods from other stands. Likewise, the nontimber output from one stand affects the value of nontimber goods produced in the other stands. Ecological interactions among individual stands imply that the output of nontimber goods from two stands in a forest differs from the sum of the outputs from two isolated stands. These interdependence and interactions imply that the relationship between the nontimber benefits of a stand and the stand age (or standing timber stock) cannot be unambiguously determined - it depends on the flow of nontimber goods produced in the surrounding stands. Therefore, it is improper to determine optimal decisions for the individual stands independently. In stead, efficient multiple-use forestry decision should be analyzed by considering all the stands in a forest simultaneously.Another serious limitation of multiple-use stand management is that each stand is treated as a homogenous management unit to be managed according to a uniform management regime. One implicitly assumes that the boundaries of each stand is exogenously given and will remain unchanged over time. This assumption imposes a restriction on the multiple-use production set, thereby creates inefficiency. As an example, consider a large stand with a nonconvex production set. It may be possible to eliminate nonconvexity in the production set and push the production possibility frontier outwards by dividing the stand into several parts and managing each part for a primary-use. It may also be efficient to combine two adjacent stands into one to be managed following a uniform regime, because of the presences of fixed management costs, and/or because the relationship between some nontimber outputs and stand area is not linear.In contrast to income from timber production, nontimber goods produced at different time points are not perfect substitutes. The rate at which a forest owner is willing to substitute a nontimber good produced at one time point for that produced at another time point changes with the outputs of the nontimber good at the two time points. In general cases, the nontimber goods produced at one time point cannot be consumed at another time point, and the marginal utility of a nontimber good decreases when its output increases. This provides a motivation for reducing the variation in the output of nontimber goods over time. An effective approach to coordinating nontimber outputs over time is to apply different management regimes to different parts of a stand, or apply the same regime to adjacent stands, which would change the boundaries of the stands. Preserving the existing stand boundaries would limit the possibility of evening out the nontimber outputs over time, and thereby lead to intertemporal inefficiency in multiple-use management.In previous studies of multiple-use forestry decisions the nontimber outputs or benefits are usually modeled as functions of stand age or standing timber stock. Future flows of nontimber goods or benefits are incorporated into a stand/forest harvest decision model to explore the implications of nontimber uses for optimal harvest decisions. While stand age and standing timber stock may have significant impacts on nontimber outputs, other forest state variables, e. g. the spatial distribution of stands of different ages/species, may be of great importance to the production of nontimber goods. Recognition of such forest state variables could change the relationship between timber production and nontimber outputs and therefore change the optimal forest management decisions.In summary, multiple-use forestry is not simply an extension of timber management with additional flows of benefits to be considered when evaluating alternative management regimes. Recognition of multiple uses of a forest leads to two fundamental changes of the forestry decision problem. First, the optimal intertemporal consumption of forestry income is no longer separable from forest management decisions. In general, the optimal intertemporal consumption of forestry income depends on future flows of nontimber goods, implying that the consumption-saving decision should be made simultaneously with the decision on the production of timber and nontimber goods over time. Secondly, it is no longer appropriate to optimize the management regime for each stand separately. The nontimber outputs from a forest depend on the age distribution of individual stands, and on a wide range of other forest state variables such as the spatial distribution of stands of different ages and tree-species composition. Ecological interactions and interdependence among stands imply that management regimes for different stands should be optimized simultaneously. In addition to changing rotation ages and harvest levels, efficient multiple-use forestry requires optimizing the spatial allocation of harvests, redefining the boundaries of stands, coordinating the choices of tree species in regeneration of harvested area and so on.The lack of rigorous production functions for nontimber goods imposes a severe restriction on attempts to perform comprehensive economic analyses of multiple-use forestry decisions. This restriction in itself is no justification for ignoring many of the key aspects of multiple-use forestry problem and modeling the problem as one of determining the optimal rotation age or optimal harvest level. It requires that economic models of multiple-use forestry should be developed with special consideration of the vague and imprecise information regarding the relationships between nontimber outputs and forest state variables.Peichen GongDepartment of Forest EconomicsSE-90183 UmeåSweden     

我国农业大中型沼气工程发展现状、 存在问题与对策措施

该文分析了我国处理农业废弃物大中型沼气工程建设数量、产气量、区域分布及沼气工艺类型等方面的发展现状,总结了我国沼气工程发展中存在的主要问题,提出了加快我国大中型沼气工程发展的对策措施。     

可持续发展的实质——建设资源节约型社会

我国正面临着日益严峻的资源紧缺形势.严峻资源形势呼唤资源节约型社会;可持续发展实质就是建设资源节约型社会;资源的稀缺性要求建设资源节约型社会.建设资源节约型社会是我国经济社会可持续发展的必由之路和唯一出路,势在必行.     

关于建设高素质农村基层干部队伍的思考

本文以广东省梅州市第四届村委会组成人员的文化程度和年龄结构为基本数据,对当前农村基层干部队伍现状、存在问题及原因进行分析,并提出建设高素质农村基层干部队伍的几点建议。     

林业资源型城市经济转型新思路

针对资源型城市伊春市的具体情况，从产业、运作方式、创新机制和观念，合理安排劳动力就业等方面，提出了实施资源型城市转型的新思路和新措施。