美国企业管理：印象与启示

通过赴美国21天的考察培训,对美国企业管理的感受比较深刻,认为有许多可供我们借鉴的模式和经验,也引发了对我国国有企业改革与管理的深度思考。     

A Brief History of the American Economic Association

The 20^th‐century American economics profession and its leading professional organization—the American Economic Association (AEA)—were privileged and shaped by the federal government's need to direct resources and to call on experts. Bureaucratic tendencies to classify and count had an impact on the discipline's self‐concept, the articulation of subdisciplines, and the establishment of multiple research agendas. They also powerfully framed the strategies for growth and development formulated and deployed by the AEA itself. A consensus of professional opinion and the standardization of curriculums emerged out of the involvement of economists and the AEA with governmental affairs. At the same time, such public engagement was fraught with risks and contradictions—posing challenges and difficulties with which the AEA and the profession would have to contend for decades to come.     

我国棉花产业进口现状原因浅析

文章运用协整分析方法,阐述了我国棉产业进口状况,研究表明:价格差距拉大是导致棉花进口量大幅攀升的直接原因。     

汉堡印象

受北京市社会科学院院派遣,2003年10月,我参加了由中共北京市委宣传部组织的赴德国学习考察团,到德国学习考察一个月.     

Regulation and technological change in the American meat industry

The effects of regulation upon technological change in the American meat industry in the period between 1950 and 1978 are examined in terms of the relationship between three alternative models — neoclassical, X-efficiency, and technological exogeneity —and the behavior of regulatory agencies. The paper is based upon patent data, equipment approvals by the United States Department of Agriculture and interviews with meat equipment and meat processing firms. Each theory was found to account for some of the observed transactions between regulation and technological change. Conversely, no single theory encompasses all observed effects.Regulations have added to the cost of developing new products. Increased uncertainty in the late 1970s over the standards sought by regulatory agencies have similarly increased the uncertainties of the profitability of R&D in selected product lines. This uncertainty was also found to be inducing firms to substitute product development via mergers for their own R&D. The Humane Slaughter Act was the proximate spur for technological advances that lead to a rationalization of production processes. The innovations that resulted from this act and from other regulatory standards highlighted, in accordance with the X-efficiency framework, technological opportunities that existed prior to and independent of changes in regulatory standards. Much of the momentum for technological change in the industry was shaped by an initial set of technological advances and the subsequent working through of production bottlenecks in an interrelated production system. These advances were largely independent of and unaffected by regulatory standards.Indeed, there is reason to believe that regulatory standards may themselves have an element of endogeneity in terms of the feasible set of best practice techniques. Thus at any particular time, technological change may serve to generate a production frontier towards which a regulatory agency might seem to propel an industry.Overall, our judgment is that regulation had little discernible impact on the pace of technological change related to the production and distribution of ground beef in the period between 1950 and 1978. If there has been any net effect, regulation probably served more to stimulate than to inhibit technological change.     

The organization and relative productivity of Japanese and American industry

This paper compares the structure and productivity of Japanese and American firms. We construct a simple model of labor shares in which the ratio of labor payments to sales is the product of labor's share in take added and the degree of integration. According to Japanese and United States census data, labor shares in value added are fairly similar for Japanese and American firms, whereas the average degree of integration, and therefore the average ratio of payroll to sales of Japanese firms, is distinctly lower than that of their American counterparts, particularly in the machinery and equipment industries. From survey data on Japanese firms in California, we observed payroll-sales ratios that generally lie between values reported for Japan and the United Slates for the machinery and equipment industries. Assuming that Japanese firms in California employ the same technology as their US counterparts, we conclude that the average degree of integration of Japanese firms in California is at least 10% lower. As a result, even though the gross labor productivity of typical Japanese firms in the United States generally, and California in particular, is slightly higher, the former may well be less productive than the latter in terms of net lalmr productivity, measured by value added. While further corroboration is needed, it appears that differences in the extent of integration are an important factor that accounts for reported productivity difference between the two countries.     

数据仓库技术在仓库管理信息系统中的应用

通过对数据仓库的特征和结构的分析,介绍了数据仓库技术在仓库管理信息系统中的应用。     

2006亚洲物流展印象

金秋时节，国内规模最大的专业物流展览如期而至。 10月10日-13日，2006亚洲国际物流技术与运输系统展览会（简称亚洲物流展，CeMAT Asia）在上海新国际博览中心隆重召开。此次展会的主办单位在原有的中国物流与采购联合会、德国汉诺威展览公司和汉诺威展览会（中国）有限公司之外，新增加了中国机械工程学会，使展会与国内外学术界的联系更加紧密，对进一步扩大展会的影响大有裨益。     

圣彼得堡忆象

20 0 3年 5月下旬 ,俄罗斯的圣彼得堡市在迎来建城 30 0周年之际 ,聚集了全世界的目光 :全球 4 5个国家的国家元首或政府首脑应邀齐聚圣彼得堡 ,出席圣彼得堡自建城以来的第三个百年庆典。圣彼得堡始建于 1 70 3年。它坐落在波罗的海的芬兰湾东岸的涅瓦河口。昔日 ,那里曾是一片荒凉的沼泽地。 1 70 3年 ,俄罗斯获得宁尚茨堡战役大捷 ,并控制了整个涅瓦河流域 ,取得了波罗的海的出海口。为了加强对这一地区的防御 ,防备瑞典军队的进攻 ,并为控制波罗的海 ,使俄罗斯由内陆国家变为临海国家成为不可逆转的事实 ,彼得一世下令在涅瓦河口的兔子…     

后方仓库智能仓储建设管理研究

后方仓库是海军航空装备物资器材储备、管理的重要部分,作为航空的一个重要技术保障单位,肩负着物资储存、周转和支援保障等重任.在科技发展日新月异的今天,鉴于后方仓库的特殊性,受外界环境各种因素的影响,在其改革发展中难免出现这样那样的问题.鉴于此,本文基于智慧仓储的视角度,将从后方仓库智慧仓储建设的重要性入手,通过对后方仓库保障能力提升中遇到问题的深入分析,有针对性的提出几点能提升后方仓库保障能力的具体措施,以期通过有效保障能力的提升实现后方仓库的意义.