新比较经济学四大学派的形成及其发展

20世纪80年代繁荣一时的比较经济学因其内在的缺陷以及苏东巨变而在一夜之间陷入困境。但詹科夫、施莱弗等（DLLS，2003）认为：“比较经济学不会消亡。从传统比较经济学的废墟上又浮现出了一个崭新的领域，我们称之为新比较经济学。”     

文化人类学历史学派述评

历史学派在化人类学史上影响极大，它反对古典化进化论的片面性，强调人类学的任务是研究人类化。对人类化必须采取具体的历史的研究。章运用历史唯物主义的基本观点对历史学派的主要代表人物的学术思想进行了简要的评析。     

奥地利学派经济学与现象学关系的历史和逻辑考量

本文从现象学角度出发,考察了奥地利学派经济学与现象学之间不同阶段的历史联系,并从两者对实证主义的态度,意向性对人的行动理论的影响,两者关于时间性和不确定性的观点,奥地利学派经济学复兴中遇到的理论困境以及解释学转向等方面出发,论证了现象学对奥地利学派经济学的影响.奥地利学派经济学的哲学基础是现象学,主流经济学的哲学基础是经验主义哲学,在现代表现为科学主义思潮,哲学基础的不同使奥地利学派经济学与主流经济学表现出不同的特征.     

经济学的实证与规范研究分析

实证研究和规范研究是经济学的两大研究范式,实证研究主要用来回答是什么的问题,而规范研究主要用来回答应该是什么的问题。然而,现实研究中往往出现很多对实证研究的误读。文章旨在更加明了的解读经济学实证研究方法,同时对其与规范研究、之间的关系进行剖析。     

历史学派与奥地利学派“方法论之争”及其对现代经济学的影响

德国历史学派和奥地利学派是19世纪世界上两个重要的经济思想流派,他们在19世纪中后期展开的关于经济学方法论的大论战名留青史。文章先对此次的论战经过进行了简单介绍,指出该论战是一场关于归纳和演绎两种方法的争论:历史学派主张运用历史归纳法分析经济现象,角度系统化;奥地利学派则强调运用抽象演绎法研究经济问题,从个体效用视角出发。然后分析了这场论战过程中所体现出来的方法论的演进特征。最后探究了这两大经济思想的碰撞与演进对现代经济学持续而广泛的影响。     

新制度学派与新制度主义经济学的比较与评析

文章在简单介绍新制度学派和新制度主义经济学的基础上,在理论渊源、制度分析方法、市场和政府的作用、研究方法四个方面对这两个流派的差异进行比较论述,并对两个流派的理论进行简单的评述,从而对这两个流派之间的区别与联系有一个比较全面的了解,从而对制度经济学的理解更为客观准确。     

比较政治学中的历史制度学派

本文全面总结了新制度主义在比较政治学中的应用，即历史制度学派。文章首先讨论了历史制度学派是如何定义制度以及如何用它进行分析的，接着梳理了历史制度学派的基本特征和进行制度分析的理论框架。最后讨论了历史制度学派研究的前沿问题，集中分析了制度的动力以及在政策形成与变化过程中制度变量与观念变量的互动两个问题。文章认为，历史制度学派的理论地位在于对中现层次的分析，其使用的中现变量把对政治经济发展的一般解释模型与随机因素有机地连接在一起，从而弥补了宏观理论与微观分析的缺陷。     

比较创新体制与比较历史创新体制——开创比较经济学研究的新框架

近十几年来,建基于新制度经济学和博弈论的广泛影响,比较制度分析和历史制度分析在比较经济学领域已经成为最有影响的分析范式,但它在处理技术创新、制度演化和结构变迁等诸多问题上却存在着固有的缺陷。为了克服这些缺陷,本文以演化经济学的研究纲领为基础,提出了比较创新体制和比较历史创新体制作为比较经济学研究新框架的构想,简要说明了它在基础理论上与比较制度分析和历史制度分析所存在的重大差别,论述了这种新框架的概念、体系内容和意义所在,综述了相关研究的最新进展,并讨论了比较创新体制和比较历史创新体制的重大前沿问题。本文认为,比较创新体制和比较历史创新体制是我国创新型国家建设不可或缺的研究工具,它为比较经济学的新发展提供了最有价值的新范式和新框架,比较经济学界不应该把其发展排除在视野之外。     

中国制度经济学面临的挑战与发展趋势

经过10多年的发展，中国制度经济学已经从简单介绍和模仿转入到独立思考和研究阶段，并取得了一定的成就。当前，中国制度经济学主要面临着借鉴和创新的挑战，基础理论研究和研究视角的挑战以及案例研究的挑战，今后，中国制度经济学应从扩大研究视角，引进演进博弈理论，量化制度要素、通过对话和合作促进制度理论的发展、推进制度经济学中国化进程，以及进行马克思主义经济学和新制度经济学的比较研究等几个方向发展。     

The Cambridge School of Keynesian Economics

There have been strong ties between the Cambridge Journal ofEconomics (CJE) and the Cambridge School of Keynesian Economics,from the very beginning. In this paper, the author investigatesthe environment that saw the birth of the CJE at Cambridge (UK),in 1977, and the relationship that linked it to the direct pupilsof Keynes. A critical question is explicitly examined: why didn'tthe ‘Keynesian revolution’ succeed in becoming apermanent winning paradigm? Some behavioural mistakes of themembers of the Keynesian School may explain this lack of success,but only to a certain extent. In any case, there were and therestill are remedies too. But what we are inheriting is a uniqueset of analytical building blocks (the paper lists eight ofthem) that makes this School of economics a viable (and in somedirections definitely superior) alternative to mainstream economics.Admittedly, there is some important work still to be done. Thepaper highlights the need for a two-stage approach, addressingpure theory and extensive institutional analysis. It is arguedthat a combination of the two would strengthen the coherenceof the theoretical foundations, and at the same time would providea fruitful extension of economic analysis to empirical, institutionaland economic dynamics investigations.     

The Rejection of Qualitative Research Methods in Economics

Abstract:

The article analyzes the status quo of qualitative methods in economics. While a majority of economists consider knowledge of empirical research methods to be of considerable importance, it must be noted that qualitative research methods are scarcely implemented in economic publications. Given all the advantages of qualitative research methods, the reasons and processes responsible for the rejection of qualitative research methods in economics must be empirically identified and further discussed. To gain insights into the perception and application of qualitative research methods in economics revealing the status and representational patterns in qualitative social research. I addressed professors, editors of economic journals, and postdocs from Germany to access economists’ functional orientations and interpretative patterns, in order to establish preliminary indicators with regard to the subject-specific perspectives and the underlying scientific conceptions of economists. My findings reveal a fundamental rejection of qualitative research methods in economics due to methodological critique, a nomothetic world view and missing career opportunities. The article intends to initiate a discussion about the missing opportunities of the methodological contraction in the economic profession.     

"新比较经济学"的研究视角及其比较研究

20世纪90年代初期,随着苏联、东欧等社会主义国家相继崩溃,旧比较经济学没有可比较的对象,为新比较经济学创造了条件。本文主要对新旧比较经济学进行了比较研究。从比较对象上看,旧比较经济学主要针对不同经济制度进行比较;而新比较经济学侧重于相同经济制度在不同国家的效率差异。从研究方法上看,旧比较经济学主要是特征描述法,没有建立系统的理论;而新比较经济学采用主流经济学的分析方法,创立了自己的理论体系。最后,本文对新比较经济学与新制度经济学及公共选择理论进行了比较研究。     

Research Trends and Opportunities in Environmental and Natural Resource Economics

The research questions and topics most likely to emerge in the near term future are assessed. A common theme is that policy issues will be an important driving force, as has generally been true in the past. More specifically, future theoretical advances are expected to occur in the treatment of uncertainty, the incorporation of stock service flows into natural resource analysis, and the incorporation of institutional considerations into models of resource exploitation. Research on valuation is expected to remain vigorous, primarily in the testing of basic assumptions and reconciliation of existing inconsistencies. Opportunities in renewable resource economics center on the incorporation of richer behavioral and technological detail in the general frameworks that already exist. A better understanding of what drives technology, and how environmental agreements can be negotiated and enforced among sovereign nations, are two topics likely to shape future research on global externalities. Finally, questions related to spatial aspects of natural resource use, and matters of land use more generally, seem likely to emerge as important topics on the profession's future research agenda.     

Research Ethics Education in Economics

Abstract

In this paper, we report the findings from the data we collected from a survey in order to measure how common research ethics education in economics is. We have found out that (1) research ethics is taught in only a very few economics departments around the globe; (2) topics related to research ethics are not taught in courses on economics and ethics; and (3) the number of papers published in specialised peer-reviewed journals on economics education is only a tiny fraction of the number of papers published in these journals. There has been no evidence in economics showing that economics departments have taken strong initiative on teaching research ethics to undergraduate and graduate students.     

Towards a History of American Institutional Economics

This paper focuses on a number of issues that have arisen in my efforts to deal with the history of American institutional economics in the interwar period. The specific issues addressed here are (1) the choice of time frame; (2) the definition of institutionalism in terms of its commonly held ideas; (3) the treatment of the network of personal contacts that make up the institutional movement; (4) the treatment of certain institutional and cross-disciplinary connections and supports; and (5) the variety of reasons lying behind the relative decline in the position of institutional economics after World War II. Each of these issues is discussed in light of historical material and examples and with a view to detailing the specific challenges and possible solutions involved.     

The Microfoundations of Austrian Economics through a New Classical Theoretical Lens

This paper is an attempt to contribute to the microfoundations debate by discussing the distinctive methodological characteristics of the Austrian school, and how they relate to different conceptions of equilibrium and general equilibrium models. Further, we shall focus on one specific branch of the Austrian school (those who see markets as exhibiting equilibrating tendencies) and one specific branch of neoclassical economics (the New Classical School) to highlight some hitherto overlooked points of tangency. Indeed, we shall use the monetary theories of Hayek and Lucas to argue that the limitations of New Classical models may lead to Austrian solutions.     

Economics and psychology in the twenty-first century

This paper begins by exploring four different possible formsof relationship between economics and psychology, which havedifferent connotations in terms of the relative status of thetwo disciplines. It then focuses on the future for one of these,psychological economics. After setting out the hardcore axiomsand positive and negative heuristics of a research programmein psychological economics, it explores institutional and psychologicalbarriers to the success of such a research programme in thecontext of both research and teaching.     

Boettke,The Austrian School and the Reclamation of Reality in Modern Economics

In a series of recent papers, the prominent Austrian economist Peter Boettke has criticised orthodox economics for its lack of realism. This paper situates Boettkes critique in the context provided by recent developments in the methodology of economics, most notably critical realism. While there is a good deal of common ground between Boettkes approach and critical realism, the latter also helps to reveal some of the limitations of the variant of Austrian economics to which Boettke subscribes. Suggestions are made as to how critical realists and Austrians such as Boettke might move forward together in developing a more realistic, relevant and fruitful approach to economic analysis.     

经济学应该研究生产关系--兼评几种流行的关于经济学研究对象和方法的观点

经济学应该着重研究不同社会经济形态下生产关系的特殊运动形式。经济学必须研究具体的社会经济制度下生产关系的本质及其运动,不应把精力放在虚构某些抽象的、仿佛适用于一切社会的原则上,并把这些抽象原则作为研究的出发点。有经济学家公开宣扬,"人是自私的",说这是经济学的"结晶"、"精髓"。因此,经济学不需要去研究不同社会经济制度以及这些制度下人与人之间的经济关系,而只需要运用"人是自私的"这一原理来推断、分析各种经济问题。从实践上看,资产阶级学者从来都是利用"人的本性是自私的"这一命题来反对社会主义的。"保护个人财产,社会才能进步,经济才能发展"的说法,是一种反马克思主义的历史唯心主义的观点。