金融消费合同格式条款问题探讨——对青海金融机构的调研

随着我国金融业的不断发展,金融机构在金融消费格式合同"霸王条款"中不恰当地增加消费者的责任与风险、免除和减轻自身责任与风险的现象与做法仍然存在,由此引起的金融消费权益纠纷时有发生,给金融消费者权益带来一定的损害。本文通过对金融机构金融消费合同的调查与梳理,归纳总结出金融机构普遍存在的"问题格式条款"情况,提出完善金融消费合同条款的具体建议与措施,以期进一步提高人民银行金融消费权益保护工作的科学性与有效性。     

从征信投诉案例看金融消费者权益保护

金融消费者权益涉及知情权、隐私权、选择权等诸多内容,加之金融消费者与金融机构在经济实力、专业知识、产品信息方面不对称,极易引发金融机构对消费者的侵权。本文通过分析近年来泉州市征信投诉案例,探索当前金融消费者权益保护工作中的薄弱环节,并提出相关建议。     

对我国金融消费权益保护的研究和建议

随着金融产品走向多样化、专业化,金融消费者在金融交易中的信息弱势地位日益凸显,由此引发了诸多金融机构侵犯金融消费者权益的事件屡见不鲜。因此,金融消费者权益保护对我国金融改革、维持金融市场秩序等方面均具有重要意义。 我国金融消费者权益保护的现状 近年来,＂一行三会＂均成立了本部门的金融消费者保护局,其主旨均是从金融消费者的角度出发,共同维护金融消费者在金融交易中的合法权益,并对金融企业进行监督管理,为有效维护金融消费者权益提供了申诉平台。     

金融消费者权益保护的分析与探讨

回顾分析"原油宝"事件,发现在金融创新发展过程中,我国金融消费者权益未受到恰当的保护,存在金融消费者素养有待提升、金融机构没有恰当履行风险管理义务、金融创新产品存在监管盲点等问题.本文提出,应借鉴国外金融消费者权益保护实践和立法经验,通过深化金融消费者教育、明确金融消费者概念、加强对金融机构营业行为规制等方式完善我国金融消费者权益保护相关制度和法律,加强对金融消费者权益的保护.     

消费者权益保护视角下金融科技伦理探究

金融科技的迅猛发展提升了金融机构的服务精准度和效率,为金融消费者提供了灵活便利和个性化的产品和服务,但也衍生出个人信息泄露、算法固化和算法歧视等金融科技伦理问题,侵害了消费者的合法权益。文章从消费者权益保护视角分析了金融科技发展过程中伦理失范问题的表现和成因,梳理了国内外研究经验,并提出了相关的监管政策和建议。     

我国个人金融信息保护的问题及建议

随着金融科技和金融数字化转型的快速发展,人工智能、区块链、大数据等新技术在金融领域得到广泛应用,在带来便利的同时也不断带来新的挑战.技术驱动下,金融机构收集和积累的个人金融信息日渐增多,这些信息一旦泄露,会侵害消费者权益、影响金融机构运营,甚至引发系统性金融风险.文章对个人金融信息分类进行了简要概述,同时结合国外个人金...     

金融科技公司算法黑箱风险的生成机制与多维治理

计算机与人工智能等技术的深度演进,推动金融科技公司的供给结构变化。金融科技公司将算法技术深度嵌入金融服务,大幅提升金融产品的运行效率与普惠效果。然而,算法技术总是存在着一定的黑箱,并形成新兴的算法黑箱风险。从金融科技公司算法黑箱风险的内部结构来看,算法黑箱具有结构不透明风险、技术不成熟风险、信息不对称风险。中国需要有针对性地构建金融科技公司算法黑箱风险的多维治理:从市场端健全金融科技公司算法实质性审查标准,从技术端强化金融科技公司算法黑箱的科技治理,从消费者端赋予金融消费者的算法同意权与解释权。     

数字时代背景下基层金融消费者权益保护问题探析

数字时代,随着网络技术、智能手机的普及应用,以及我国金融市场改革发展不断深化,金融产品与服务日趋丰富,金融与科技的深度融合在给消费者带来便利的同时,也对金融消费者权益保护工作带来了新挑战。本文立足于宁夏固原市银行业金融机构金融消费者权益保护现状,结合《中国人民银行金融消费者权益保护实施办法》,探析数字时代背景下基层金融消费者权益保护问题,并提出相关政策建议。     

金融消费者权益受到侵害的表现、成因及建议

随着金融服务与产品不断走进寻常百姓家,消费者与金融机构的联系变得日益密切。与此同时,因金融消费服务而引发纠纷,金融消费者权益被侵害现象偶有发生。金融消费者权益受损事件频见报端,引起各级政府高度重视和网络媒体普遍关注。一、金融消费者权益受到侵害的主要表现(一)自由选择权被剥夺。近年来,商业银行收费多、乱、杂情况,已成为行业的"三聚氰胺"。尽管监管部门多次下文予     

宏观审慎监管的改革与金融消费者权益保护

次贷危机的发生提高了人们对宏观审慎监管问题的关注程度,人们开始反思只强调微观审慎监管,忽视宏观审慎监管对金融消费者的影响。实际上宏观审慎监管对金融消费保护具有重要影响:减少金融体系顺周期性对金融消费者权益的损害;控制金融机构的共同风险暴露对金融消费者权益的侵犯;控制系统重要性金融机构的跨市场、跨行业风险对金融消费者权益的侵犯以及预警与化解系统性风险,从而避免金融消费者权益受到金融危机的冲击。文章探讨了我国宏观审慎监管存在的不足,对我国如何健全和完善宏观审慎监管,加强对金融消费者权益的保护提出了意见与建议。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.     

浅议金融机构的举证责任

金融纠纷案件是当事人以存单或进账单、对账单、存款合同、保险单、票据、证券等凭证为主要证据向人民法院提出诉讼的案件,对于不同种类金融纠纷的当事人的举证责任,我国现行的金融法律、法规及司法解释有不同的规定。由于金融机构的特殊法律地位,发生金融纠纷时存在有关当事人将最后偿付风险转移给金融机构承担的主观故意,在客观上会使金融机构难以提供相应的证据来对抗不法债权人的诉讼请求,而导致金融机构败诉。为此,对金融诉讼案件中金融机构的举证责任加以研究具有重要的实践意义。     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…