高管团队内情感冲突、企业家精神与公司成长性绩效关系的实证研究

根据对企业高层管理者访谈和163份有效问卷,重点分析高管团队内情感冲突、高管团队企业家精神和公司成长性绩效间的关系。实证研究发现:高管团队内情感冲突和公司成长性绩效显著负相关,高管团队内情感冲突与高管团队企业家精神显著负相关,高管团队企业家精神与公司成长性绩效显著正相关。并且,高管团队企业家精神在高管团队情感冲突对公司成长性绩效的影响过程中起着中介作用。     

高管团队内冲突与企业文化的匹配关系：电磁场模拟的一种新视角

冲突的真正原因在于人的深层次需要,高管团队内冲突的根源来自于成员个体间的冲突。在回顾高管团队冲突和企业文化的基础上,将高管团队模拟成一个导体,把高管团队成员模拟成导体内自由移动的电子,把企业文化的文化场模拟成电磁场,将企业文化与高管团队内冲突结合起来,研究企业文化对高管团队内冲突的影响,并得出高管团队在文化场的作用下,团队成员在冲突过程中,为实现企业目标容忍个体间的情感冲突,提高了高管团队的绩效。     

高管团队异质性对公司绩效的影响探析——以认知冲突为中介变量

高管团队成员作为公司最重要的资源一直备受研究者们的关注。团队异质性的高低会对团队决策效率和效果产生影响。近年来的研究发现高管团队异质性对公司绩效的影响有可能受到一些中间变量的调节。因此,需要关注高管团队特征影响绩效的内在机制问题,以认知性冲突为中介变量来探讨高管团队异质性对公司绩效的影响关系。     

绩效片段视角下我国制造企业多团队凝聚力影响因素动态分析

绩效片段理论认为过渡阶段和行动阶段交替循环形成整条绩效链。该视角下的多团队凝聚力即是指在循环绩效链条下的多个团队为达成同一目标而齐心协力的一种群体过程。文章采用质性分析和概念格—DEMATEL方法以浙江、上海、湖南、河南等地区制造企业的中高层管理者247名为调查对象,对不同阶段下多团队凝聚力影响因素及影响度进行探索。文章发现,在过渡阶段,团队层级价值认同、冲突程度,多团队层级目标认同、多团队导向对制造企业多团队凝聚力产生较大影响;在行动阶段,团队层级人际关系、冲突程度,多团队层级协作模式和共享认知对制造企业多团队凝聚力产生较大影响。文章构建了一个动态、具体、系统的制造企业多团队凝聚力影响因素模型,丰富了多团队系统和绩效片段理论,也为制造企业多团队建立动态绩效评估模式提供有益启示。     

论跨文化视角下团队授权对团队绩效的影响

基于现有关于授权和团队管理的文献，文章旨在通过知识共享和群体内冲突的机制探讨权力距离和集体主义对授权与团队绩效关系的影响。文章提出了一个概念模型，描述跨文化的团队授权和团队绩效间的关系。文章认为，团队授权会增加团队中知识共享和群体内冲突。知识共享有助于团队绩效，而群体内冲突会损害团队绩效。由于权力距离和集体主义各自的调节作用，团队授权在不同文化中对团队绩效产生不同影响。文章阐述权力距离和集体主义对授权、知识共享、群体内冲突和团队绩效间关系的调节作用，且认为团队授权的有效性取决于团队的文化背景。     

组织冲突对绩效的影响研究:述评与展望

冲突是健全的组织所必需且不可避免的,它对于一个企业能否健康发展至关重要。首先阐述相关文献对组织冲突与组织绩效的概念界定,进而基于破坏性冲突与建设性冲突、认知冲突与情绪冲突以及组织冲突水平等三个视角较为全面地总结了不同学者在组织冲突对绩效的影响方面作出的研究成果。然后,在对已有文献总结性评论的基础上,提出了对未来研究方向的展望。     

团队任务冲突与关系冲突转化机制——团队氛围的调节作用

团队中不同类型冲突之间作用机制的关系,日益成为组织管理领域的重要问题.本文引入团队氛围作为调节变量,对团队任务冲突对关系冲突影响的边界条件进行了探索.实证研究结果表明,团队氛围能对任务冲突与关系冲突的正相关关系产生负向调节作用,从而减弱任务冲突对关系冲突的负向影响.通过促进和谐的团队氛围,能够使团队在任务冲突存在的前提下形成有效的团队合作.团队经理应尽量避免任务冲突向关系冲突转化,促使团队中的任务冲突发挥促进信息交流和团队学习的作用,从而促进团队绩效的提升.     

高管团队价值观、团队氛围对冲突的影响

文章实证分析了高管团队成员的社会价值观和团队氛围对冲突的影响。结果表明,高管团队的绩效观和集体主义观与任务冲突有正向联系,集体主义观异质性和绩效观异质性抑制任务冲突,利己权力观异质性引起任务冲突。研究发现高管团队开放性和信任构成的团队氛围与任务冲突有正向联系,总经理的集体主义导向与任务冲突正相关。研究没有发现价值观与关系冲突联系的直接证据,关系冲突更可能与情绪因素相联系。     

TMT认知对企业绩效影响的研究——基于团队自反性视角

学术界对高层管理团队(Top Management Team,TMT)认知和团队自反性的研究大都只局限于二者对企业绩效的影响。为弥补该部分研究的不足,本文通过分析以往相关研究结果,将TMT认知界定为认知需要和认知能力两个维度,以长三角288家企业高管团队作为样本进行实证分析,综合考虑团队自反性分别对TMT认知二维度的调节作用,分析TMT认知对企业绩效的影响。结果表明,团队自反性对TMT认知需要和认知能力与企业绩效的正向关系存在着显著调节作用,高自反性团队的认知需要和认知能力比低自反性的对企业绩效的正向作用效果更加显著。     

企业组织内的冲突管理探讨

冲突是企业组织中客观存在的普遍现象,冲突对企业组织的作用是建设性的还是破坏性的和企业冲突管理水平密切相关。文章对影响冲突与组织绩效之间关系的因素进行了深入分析,认为当冲突的总体水平过高或过低,或者冲突结构表现为冲突中关系冲突或过程冲突水平过高、任务冲突水平过低或过高时,冲突都将是破坏性的,所以企业组织应采取具体的技术和方法降低或提高冲突的总体水平,或者应用合作策略改善冲突结构,最终化破坏性冲突为建设性冲突。     

The Impacts of Affective and Cognitive Social Conflict in Business-to-Business Buyer-Seller Relationships: A Comparison of New versus Ongoing Buyer-Seller Relationships

ABSTRACT

Purpose. The purpose of this paper is to report empirical research that examined the impact of conflict in two different buyer-seller situations, an ongoing relationship and a choice situation where the buyer had to choose between two or more alternative suppliers. Conflict was defined as social conflict and has two distinct types, affective and cognitive.

Methodology/Approach. The methodology used was two mail surveys to a random sample of purchasing association members who had buying responsibilities in their firms. In one survey respondents were asked to self-select a current buyer-seller relationship they had for a period of at least one year and to indicate the degree of perceived conflict they had with the key supplier representative as well as the amount of relationship loyalty they perceived they had with that supplier. The second survey randomly assigned respondents to evaluate either a supplier whom they gave business to in a choice situation or one they did not, thus establishing as the dependent variable the actual choice of whom they gave business to.

Findings. The findings are clear for affective types of conflict. When affective conflict is perceived as higher the chance of getting an order in a choice situation as well as the magnitude of the relationship loyalty perception is negatively related. Cognitive conflict is not as clear. In choice situations conflict was negatively related to choice, whereas in on going relationships there was no impact. There was no indication of cognitive conflict having a positive relationship.

Originality/Value/Contribution of the paper. This study is the first to examine perceptions of conflict with a significant other in a buyer-seller relationship to try to determine how those perceptions might relate to either buyer choice or loyalty. While the findings support the expected relationship between affective conflict and outcomes, the findings with regards to cognitive conflict suggest that this may be more complex then originally thought and further points out the difficulty in managing conflict across organizational boundaries.     

信息、信任、认知冲突与董事会治理——基于问卷调查

一直以来,公司治理研究偏重董事会结构特征与公司绩效之间的关系,忽略了董事会行为过程影响。文章就董事会行为过程中一系列关键要素如信息获取、努力水平、信任关系和认知冲突对治理有效性的影响进行理论分析,构造了一个行为心理〖CD*2〗治理有效性结构方程模型。利用问卷调查数据,就上述过程变量对治理效率的影响进行实证分析。研究发现,董事会信息获取及其与管理层相互信任状况对治理效率产生显著积极影响;会议频率对战略和服务职能发挥产生显著积极作用;会议出席率、群体认知冲突等因素影响不显著。研究为改善和提高董事会治理效率提供了新的经验证据。     

The Impact of Conflict Types and Location on Trade

This article investigates the impact of interstate and intrastate conflict on trade. Analyses rely on a pooled time-series cross-sectional dataset with observations for 134 countries from 1979 to 2000. Results show that intrastate conflict has a larger negative impact on trade than interstate conflict; conflict in the exporting country has a more negative impact on trade than conflict in the importing country; and, finally, conflict's destructive effects go beyond the borders of the countries that directly experience it, as trade flows are also negatively influenced by conflict in neighboring countries.     

Cracks in Diversity Research: The Effects of Diversity Faultlines on Conflict and Performance

In this quasi-field study, we investigate the effects of diversity faultlines on the conflict experience, performance, and morale of 79 groups. This is one of the first studies to operationalize the construct of diversity-related faultlines (Lau and Murnighan 1998). One of the most important contributions of this research is that faultlines incorporate multiple characteristics of group members simultaneously rather than assessing just one demographic characteristic at a time as most past diversity research has done. We develop a measure to capture the complexity of the faultline construct and to examine the effects of various group diversity faultline profiles on group outcomes. Linear results with a limited range of data show that faultlines are negatively related to conflict and positively related to morale and performance. Supplemental analyses that take into account the unique characteristics of our dataset indicate curvilinear relationships between diversity faultlines and relationship conflict, process conflict, group morale, and group performance. Groups with either virtually no faultlines (very diverse members) or strong faultlines (split into 2 fairly homogeneous subgroups) had higher levels of conflict and lower levels of morale and performance than groups with medium faultlines. The results suggest a more complex relationship between diversity and group process and outcome variables than typically described in diversity research. A detailed discussion of the faultline measure we developed and the methodological issues associated with measuring and interpreting faultlines are reported.     

冲突、社会资本与科研团队人才聚集效应

冲突与人才聚集效应的关系已引起学术界的探讨,但是,冲突与人才聚集效应的实证研究并未引起重视。本文以科研团队为分析对象,采用回归分析与调节效应检验等统计分析方法,研究冲突对人才聚集效应的影响,并分析社会资本对冲突与人才聚集效应之间关系的调节作用。研究表明,任务冲突对人才聚集效应具有显著正向影响,关系冲突对人才聚集效应具有显著负向影响。当进一步考虑社会资本的维度特征时,冲突对人才聚集效应的影响也将随着不同的维度特征呈现出内在的差异性。其中,结构资本水平越高,关系冲突与人才聚集效应之间的消极关系越强,而任务冲突与人才聚集效应之间的积极关系越强的结论未通过统计检验。此外,高水平的认知资本削弱了任务冲突与人才聚集效应之间的积极关系,弱化了关系冲突与人才聚集效应之间的消极关系。     

心理契约违背、劳资冲突与员工离职意向关系的实证研究：整合型组织文化的调节作用

基于社会交换和社会情境理论，文章构建了心理契约违背、劳资冲突和离职意向之间的关系模型。通过跨层次分析方法，探讨心理契约违背对员工离职意向可能产生的影响及其影响机制。分别收集了189份企业高管与1366份员工问卷数据。研究结果显示：心理契约违背是影响员工离职意向的重要的前因变量；劳资冲突的三个维度在心理契约违背和离职意向之间都起到中介作用，并且中介效应存在显著差异；组织文化对权利冲突、情感冲突与离职意向之间的关系都起到调节作用，但对利益冲突与离职意向之间的调节作用不显著。对转型经济条件下，员工的心理契约、劳资冲突管理以及企业文化建设具有借鉴意义。     

组织新聘员工与原有员工冲突动因及其消减的实证研究

冲突作为一种社会现象,在组织内外随处可见。随着我国劳动力人才市场化配置的日趋完善,组织的人员流动也日趋频繁,组织新聘员工与原有员工冲突已成为一种普遍现象,然而针对该现象的研究却是凤毛麟角。本文以实证研究的方法分析了导致此类冲突的动因及其有效的消减方式。研究结果表明：性格差异等七项因素是导致此类冲突的动因;针对不同动因引发的冲突,有着不同的有效消减方式。