全球深水钻井装置发展及市场现状

截至2006年7月初,全球有103座深水半潜式钻井平台和33艘深水钻井船,它们主要分布于美国墨西哥湾、北海、巴西和西非海域.全球只有26家公司有能力从事深水钻井,其中美国公司最多,它们所拥有的深水钻井装置占全球总数的约70%.随着技术的进步,半潜式钻井平台和钻井船不断更新换代,额定作业水深和钻深能力相应增大.当前的钻井水深纪录和海上钻井井深纪录已分别达到3051米和10421米.半潜式钻井平台的钻深能力在6000～11430米,深水钻井船的钻深能力在5000～11887米.这两种在建钻井装置的钻深能力分别达到9000米或超过万米,并都采用动力定位方式.目前,国际市场上深水钻井装置供不应求,利用率接近或达到100%,最高日费已突破50万美元.国内的石油公司现在还没有深水钻井装置,这严重制约着我国三大石油公司进军深海的步伐,应引起有关部门的高度重视.     

Health Care and Pension Benefits for Construction Workers: TheRole of Prevailing Wage Laws Health Care and Pension Benefits for Construction Workers

This article examines the affect of state prevailing wage laws (PWLs) on the amount and mix of wages and benefits paid to construction workers. PWLs require contractors who win bids on state-financed construction projects to pay compensation rates equivalent to those prevailing in local construction markets. During 1982-1992, 6 states repealed their PWLs, 9 states who never had a PWL did not enact one, and 32 states kept their PWLs. Data from the Form 5500 series, the Census of Construction Industries, the Current Employment Statistics, and the Current Population Survey are combined to evaluate the effects of PWL repeals on compensation. When comparing the experiences of different states, PWLs enhance both wages and benefits, with the largest percentage increase going toward employer pension contributions. PWLs appear to create an incentive for both employers to pay and workers to accept a larger percentage of their total compensation in the form of benefits.     

The Health Consequences of Adverse Labor Market Events: Evidence from Panel Data

This study investigates the associations between self‐assessed adverse labor market events (experiencing problems with coworkers, employment changes, financial strain) and health. Longitudinal data are obtained from the National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions. Our findings suggest problems with coworkers, employment changes, and financial strain are associated, respectively, with a 3.1 percent (3.3 percent), 0.9 percent (0.2 percent), and 4.5 percent (5.1 percent) reduction in mental health among men (women). Associations are smaller in magnitude and less significant for physical health.     

California's Health Insurance Act of 2003: View of the Market

This “play or pay” mandate would have required California employers to either provide medical insurance for their employees or pay into a state insurance fund. Although the law ultimately did not go into effect, movements in shareholder wealth provide evidence about the differential effects of such health‐care mandates on various types of employers. Large or unionized firms had no negative effects; expected profits declined most for firms with 50–199 employees.     

New Contractual Relationships in the Agency Worker Market: The Case of the UK's National Health Service

In recent years, there has been a trend towards the negotiation of closer contractual relationships between employers and employment agencies. However, little is known about this change or its likely consequences. In theory, such relationships can benefit employers by lowering fees and also reducing many of the hidden costs associated with the use of agency staff by improving the effectiveness of placement matching. Against this is the suggestion that formal partnerships are unlikely to have a positive impact given the uncertainty of demand for temporary labour and broader tendencies for risk displacement in buyer–supplier networks. In this article, our aim is to explore this matter focusing on recent developments in the UK's National Health Service. We find that new contractual relationships such as framework agreements and master vendor contracts are having mixed effects. While they serve to reduce direct costs for employers in the short term, this has been at the expense of relationship building and improvements in placement matching. These developments are also found to have some potentially negative consequences for the agency workforce itself.     

开放式系统市场

随着计算机技术飞速发展，各式各样的计算机及计算机软件层出无穷。不同的系统都希望共享众多资源，都希望加入到全球性的广域网络之中。因此必须制定一个在国际公认的标准下，能容纳各种硬件、软件的环境。这就是本文所要讨论的开放式系统。     

Health Care Competition and Antibiotic Use in Taiwan

Antibiotic resistance, a negative externality of antibiotic use, is a growing threat to public health. Health care competition may encourage antibiotic use because receiving an antibiotic is a form of ‘quality’ for many patients. This paper examines the effect of market concentration on antibiotic use in a large, nationally‐representative data set from Taiwan. Moving from the 75th percentile to the 25th percentile of market concentration is associated with 6.6 per cent greater antibiotic use. We control for leading market‐level confounds, including population density and community health. We also show that the correlation is robust using fixed effects for patients, physicians and diagnoses. We document the correlation between antibiotic use and patient retention, which suggests a mechanism for this result. Finally, we show that strict regulation of antibiotics reduces but does not eliminate the effect of competition on antibiotic use.     

设施管理研究的进展

针对目前设施管理行业巨大的发展潜力以及国内设施管理研究相对滞后的现状，在分析大量国外资料的基础上，回顾了设施管理的发展历程，介绍了设施管理的范围、内容、涉及的主要问题及其绩效评估的研究进展，探讨了设施管理的未来研究方向。     

In Paris:for More Market

Since the end of 2007, domestic macro economic environment, along with several unstable overseas market elements, stroke the textile and apparel export in China seriously. However, on September 17-20, the 2008 China Textile & Apparel Trade     

伊朗钻井工程服务市场现状及进入对策

伊朗油气钻井市场对外开放不久。目前钻井工程服务价格低及自然环境差等因素，使西方石油公司不愿意实质性进入。伊朗计划五年向上游投产166亿美元，并引进90亿美元外资加快油气开发。预计伊朗陆上钻井工作量将从目前的每年75口左右增加到120口井左右，因此未来的钻井工程服务市场前景看好。但是随着俄罗斯，罗马尼亚，印度等国钻机的积极进入，市场竞争将十分激烈。目前伊朗钻井市场存在的主要问题是：办事机构和企业的工作效率低下，手续烦琐；缺乏严明的办事程序；税费苛刻且复杂等。与西方石油公司相比，我国钻井工程服务具备价格优势，而与印度，俄罗斯及罗马尼亚等国相比，我们的技术优势明显，这为我国在伊朗该领域的合作提供了历史机遇。进入伊朗钻井工程服务市场应着眼于长期战略，立足于实施合理的规模经营，注意通过带动原材料出口和扩大等三方服务来获得经济效益，在具体项目的运作中则应遵循审慎原则，并注意加强中国企业间的合作。     

市场化原则:行业协会的"准则"

“市场化原则”——指导行业协会健康发展的根本原则行业协会,是在市场经济条件下,企业为维护自己的利益并争取创造有利于共同发展的环境而自愿联合起来的行业性非政府组织。在计划经济时期,国家包揽经济和社会事物,企业没有必要成立这种组织。党的十一届三中全会开始改革开放、十四大确定社会主义市场经济体制改革目标以及十四届三中全会作出相关决定以来,我国经济体制改革在理论和实践上取得了重大进展,社会主义市场经济体制初步建立,以公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度已经确立,全方位、宽领域、多层次的对外开放格局…     

Multihospital Chain Acquisitions and Competition in Local Health Care Markets

This paper examines the determinants of multi-hospital acquisitions in California during a period of increased competition, 1984–1993. Evidence is examined for differences by chain type in acquisition preferences in the face of increased competitive pressure. Significant differences are found among chain types (for-profit, non-profit, and church). All three types appear to position themselves through acquisitions to obtain multiple-hospital holdings within local markets, with the non-profit type exhibiting the greatest tendency. Such positioning may enhance efficiency in payor contracting and increase market power, lowering competition in the long run.     

Regional Market Variations: The Northeast Versus The South

The notion of the “rise of the Sunbelt” and the “decline of the Northeast” has raised the spectre of relentless economic disintegration of the northeastern states and the lure of boundless affluence across the southern and southwestern rim. What is myth and what is reality in these emerging perceptions? This paper reviews the trends of the past fifteen years, and speculates on the possibility of unsettled economic weather in the Sunbelt and valid investment potentials in the Northeast. Alternative future scenarios are suggested in the light of the marked acceleration of the thrusts of change of the last five years.     

The Impact of Competition on Investment: Evidence From California Hospitals*

I examine the relationship between bargaining leverage and capital investment using data on California’s hospital markets. I find evidence that investment increases with bargaining leverage; a hospital whose bargaining position improves by one standard deviation will increase its investment rate by 16 percentage points. A positive causal relationship between bargaining leverage and investment fits the institutional details of the health care sector, where many firms have non-profit tax status, making it difficult to return monopoly rents to shareholders. Consistent with this explanation, I find that non-profit hospitals with bargaining leverage invest more than for-profit ones, all else equal. I do not find strong evidence that financing constraints matter disproportionately for hospitals operating in more competitive markets, supporting the hypothesis that the incremental investment may not be socially efficient.     

医疗领域的政府干预与声誉机制

不确定性和信息不对称常常被认为是医疗市场失灵和政府干预的依据,政府的过度干预又会导致医疗声誉机制的扭曲。改革现行“管办不分”的医疗卫生体制,由市场声誉取代政府行政干预,通过重复博弈建立医生与患者之间的长期稳定的关系,解决医疗卫生领域的难题。     

Market Structure and Hospital Efficiency: Evaluating Potential Effects of Deregulation in a National Health Service

In this article we examine the potential effect of market structure on hospital technical efficiency as a measure of performance controlled by ownership and regulation. This study is relevant to provide an evaluation of the potential effects of recommended and initiated deregulation policies in order to promote market reforms in the context of a European National Health Service. Our goal was reached through three main empirical stages. Firstly, using patient origin data from hospitals in the region of Catalonia in 1990, we estimated geographic hospital markets through the Elzinga–Hogarty approach, based on patient flows. Then we measured the market level of concentration using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index. Secondly, technical and scale efficiency scores for each hospital was obtained specifying a Data Envelopment Analysis. According to the data nearly two-thirds of the hospitals operate under the production frontier with an average efficiency score of 0.841. Finally, the determinants of the efficiency scores were investigated using a censored regression model. Special attention was paid to test the hypothesis that there is an efficiency improvement in more competitive markets. The results suggest that the number of competitors in the market contributes positively to technical efficiency and there is some evidence that the differences in efficiency scores are attributed to several environmental factors such as ownership, market structure and regulation effects.     

不干胶:在医药市场独占鳌头

医药市场是不干胶渗透率最高的行业。近年来国家对医药行业加强规范整治措施，如GMP、GSP认证的实施，促使医药企业对其生产加工及外包装要求更加严格、规范。以前的湿胶贴标由于种种缺点都将被不干胶标签所代替，而且随着医药瓶体包装形式的增长和自动贴标形式的广泛使用，将使不干胶标签在该行业中占有绝对优势，北美医药行业中不干胶标签占到绝对优势的89％。中国医药行正不干胶标签的趋势也将如此。     

The orbit-spectrum resource: Market allocation of international property

The author presents a formulation of a market system for the allocation of orbital space to geosynchronous communications satellites. Although based on a simplified model of satellite communications systems, the market system retains sufficient flexibility to be applicable to the allocation problems of the next two decades. Ultimately, the usage rights put forward in this article may need to be modified to include explicitly additional aspects of the orbital-spectrum resource. This formulation, however, includes in the definition of the usage right most of the information actually used today in picking an orbital location for a satellite.