试论知识产权海关边境保护中刑事协作机制的障碍和解决对策

本文以当前海关与公安机关共同打击侵犯知识产权犯罪的刑事协作机制为视角，通过从立法与执法层面对知识产权边境保护刑事协作机制中存在有关障碍的揭示和分析，提出了完善立法、协调冲突、加强交流等多项障碍解决对策。     

论刑事证人权利的保护机制

加强对人权的保障是现代刑事诉讼发展的必然趋势，刑事证人权利保障是诉讼中人权保障的一个重要组成部分。中国现行法律缺乏对证人权利保护的有效机制，导致中国刑事诉讼中证人的出庭率极低，严重影响了案件事实的查明，极大地影响了中国刑事诉讼制度的发展。因此，要化解证人出庭难问题，必须完善对证人权利的保护机制。     

农业院校知识产权保护中存在的问题及对策

结合农业知识产权特征，针对农业知识产权问题表现，产权流失形式，从提高自主创新能力、淡化成果鉴定、增强专利意识、强化科技合同审核环节、树立“院所有技术资产”观念和解决好人员分流中的公有知识产权流失问题等方面，提出知识产权管理的对策建议，旨在加强农业院校的知识产权保护。     

简论知识产权融资担保的法律障碍和问题

中小企业尤其是科技型小企业的融资难的问题一直困扰着整个社会的发展,而小企业的信用担保差,有形资产少,严重影响银行等金融机构对其贷款的数额和期限。而知识产权的兴起使得中小企业有了新的希望,但是在实际操作的过程中,由于信用评级的复杂性和风险变现的困难性以及不健全的法律制度都影响其整个的发展。建立完善的信用评级机制,填补立法的空白,改革现有的知识产权的交易平台等等,本文就此情况提出相关的建议和探讨。     

试论我国外贸企业对知识产权的保护

世界经济已经由工业经济转变为以知识为基础的知识经济时代.知识产权对于正在腾飞的中国来说,是相当重要的部分,它是我国经济更好地发展的基础保障.特别是在我国加入世界贸易组织之后,国际竞争更加激烈,全球化、经济化、一体化给我国经济带来了巨大的冲击,知识在经济发展中越来越位于支配地位并发挥决定性作用.对于我国的外贸企业来说,这是一个值得重视的问题,这关系到企业的发展,更关系到整个社会经济的进步.     

试论我国外贸企业对知识产权的保护

世界经济已经由工业经济转变为以知识为基础的知识经济时代。知识产权对于正在腾飞的中国来说,是相当重要的部分,它是我国经济更好地发展的基础保障。特别是在我国加入世界贸易组织之后,国际竞争更加激烈,全球化、经济化、一体化给我国经济带来了巨大的冲击,知识在经济发展中越来越位于支配地位并发挥决定性作用。对于我国的外贸企业来说,这是一个值得重视的问题,这关系到企业的发展,更关系到整个社会经济的进步。     

试论知识经济背景下的知识产权法律保护

随着知识经济的飞速发展,知识产权保护发挥的作用越来越大。文章首先阐述了知识经济时代的内涵与特征,并分析了知识经济时代知识产权法律制度的意义,然后探讨了目前我国知识产权保护体系存在的问题,最后结合我国实际国情,提出了相应的完善对策。     

建立我国风险投资退出机制的障碍和对策

风险投资被称为中国高新技术产业化的"驱动器"。中国的风险投资虽经历了十几年的发展,但至今仍未建立起较为完善的风险投资退出机制。分析了当前我国建立风险投资退出机制存在的主要障碍,并从公开发行上市、设立和发展柜台交易市场和地区性股权转让市场、企业并购与回购、清算退出等方面提出了适合我国风险投资退出的现实途径。     

知识产权海关保护成为贸易壁垒的原因分析

知识产权海关保护制度对维护正常的国际贸易秩序有很重要的作用。但是,知识产权人在全球激烈的国际市场竞争中,为了追求自身的经济利益,常常利用知识产权海关保护制度,打击竞争对手,阻碍正常商品的进口。各国的知识产权保护执法机构为了维护本国企业或个人的利益,也可能滥用法律赋予的执法权利,阻碍非侵权商品的进出口,构成合法贸易的障碍。此外,知识产权海关保护制度本身也可能存在有利于知识产权人而不利于竞争者的规定,同样会造成合法贸易的障碍。这些因素的存在,使知识产权海关保护在维护正常贸易秩序的同时,也可能成为阻碍正常贸易发展的贸易壁垒。     

Knowledge disclosure as intellectual property rights protection

We consider the problem of an inventor who discloses knowledge under the threat of a rival who may patent a competing idea. Disclosure diminishes the probability that the rival has of receiving a patent (legal externality) but it also decreases the rival’s marginal R&D cost (knowledge externality). Our results reveal that: (i) when the knowledge externality is ‘large’ (‘small’) relative to the legal one, an increase (decrease) in the patentability standard leads to higher disclosure and promotes R&D and (ii) if subsequent research creates positive external effects, the patentability standard should be set to promote further disclosure and R&D in equilibrium. The impact on the equilibrium configuration of changes in market profits is also examined.     

培育创新文化重在保护知识产权

党中央、国务院提出我国要在2020年进入创新型国家行列。要实现这一伟大的战略目标,必须提高我国的自主创新能力。政府机关、企事业单位和个人要积极营造保护知识产权的文化环境、法律环境、政策环境和制度环境,加大对自主知识产权的保护力度,形成一种创新文化。     

International intellectual property rights protection and economic growth with costly transfer

This paper develops a product‐cycle model with costly technology transfer, which requires resources from both the North and the South. In the basic model, we show that strengthening intellectual property rights (IPR) protection induces a large technology transfer and narrows the North–South wage gap. However, we obtain an ambiguous result regarding the effect on economic growth, which depends crucially on the size of the transfer cost. Although strengthening IPR protection induces a high growth rate when the transfer cost is small, it can induce a low growth rate when the transfer cost is large. In the extended model, in order to examine what factors determine the transfer cost, we consider the situation where the Southern firms may misbehave and the Northern firms incur a cost to monitor them. We show that the degree of investor protection and the degree of morality in developing countries influence the size of the transfer cost, which affects economic growth.     

Regimes of ordering: the commercialization of intellectual property in industrial-academic collaborations

This paper examines a diversity of regulatory mechanisms and negotiation processes involved in attmpts to commercialize university research which provide direct and indirect means of linking the activities o f individuals and organizations in the acquisition and exchange of commodified goods. The key,question addressed is how is an activity that is always uncertain —the production of knowledge —is 'packaged' by intellectual property management and intellectual property rights so that it is controllable, commod$able and enhs into exchange reidiomhips. This paper addresses the acquisition and stabilization of proprietaly claim to knowledge between public and priuate organizations by considering a detailed case o f a unwersip spin-off and in doing so raises a number of more general issues about the translation of knowledge.     

The role of contracts and intellectual property rights in open innovation

Our exploratory empirical study, based on interviews and a survey of firms, addresses a number of questions on the role of formal contracts and intellectual property rights (IPR) in the context of firm-to-firm open innovation (OI). We find that firms active in OI have a very strong preference for the governance of their OI relationships with other firms through formal contracts. Also, despite the open nature of OI, firms still see IPR as highly relevant to the protection of their innovative capabilities. We find the degree of openness of firms, their formal legal attitude, and the competitive dynamics of their product market environment to be related to the preference of OI firms for IPR. Furthermore, the strength of firms’ internal R&D capabilities increases the positive relationship between openness and the preference for IPR.     

The composition of foreign direct investment and protection of intellectual property rights: Evidence from transition economies

While existing literature examined the impact of intellectual property protection on the volume of foreign direct investment (FDI), little is known about its effect on the composition of FDI inflows. This paper addresses this question empirically using a unique firm-level data set from Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. It finds that weak protection deters foreign investors in technology-intensive sectors that rely heavily on intellectual property rights. Moreover, the results indicate that a weak intellectual property regime encourages investors to undertake projects focusing on distribution rather than local production.     

Economic growth under two forms of intellectual property rights protection: patents and trade secrets

Journal of Economics - This paper analyzes the effects on growth of strengthened patent protections, where trade secrets are introduced as an additional protection method. Strengthening patent...     

Entry,reputation and intellectual property rights enforcement

We examine how reputation concerns induce a multinational to partly withhold its entry into a developing country under weak intellectual property rights (IPR) enforcement. Equilibrium IPR violations are shown to arise only in the presence of such concerns. Holding constant a multinational's incentive to innovate, better IPR enforcement encourages entry but reduces social welfare. The multinational's incentive to innovate may be inversely U‐shaped in the strength of IPR enforcement. If timed properly, however, stronger IPR enforcement can foster innovation without compromising social welfare. Testable implications concerning observable IPR violations are derived.     

Universities and intellectual property rights in Southern European countries

This paper analyses and discusses the patenting activity of Public Research Organizations (PROs) in Southern European countries. Despite the importance of the topic, studies about the European experience are rare. By using an original database of “American” (USPTO) and “European” (EPO) patents held by PROs in Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Greece, we observe that the number of university patents in these countries has not increased dramatically during the last years, despite a growing interest at both European and national level during the same period. However, differences do exist among countries in terms of number of granted patents and regulative frameworks. With regard to PROs patenting strategies, we argue that PROs should be progressively able to adopt a “balanced” approach, in order to achieve co-existence between the traditional mechanisms of the so-called “open research system” and the more recent concerns about intellectual property protection, technology transfer and regional development.