Impact of adoption in Ghana of an improved fish processing technology on household income,health and nutrition

Surveys were conducted in three fishing communities in Ghana, where an improved fish smoking technology (the Chorkor smoker) had been introduced previously, to assess the impact of adopting the improved technology on household income, health and nutritional status. Fifty‐one fish processors (all women), who had adopted the improved fish processing technology, were selected for the study, in which the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) technique, nutritional survey methods and structured questionnaires were used to obtain both qualitative and quantitative data. The results revealed that there was an improvement in economic activities. This resulted in a positive impact on household income and food consumption patterns of the processors. Improvement in household income resulted from increases in the quality and quantity of output, price per unit output and profits. Improvement in food consumption pattern was mostly in respect of quality and quantity of food intake, but the types of food consumed remained the same. The nutrient intake of the respondents was good on average, with a majority exceeding the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of protein, vitamin B1 and calcium. The average body mass index (BMI) of the processors was also within the ideal range of 20–25. Adoption of the new technology also improved the health status of the respondents. Lessening of eye problems and headaches as a result of reduced exposure to smoke and heat was reported by 52% of the women. However, preschool children were undernourished as a result of poor child feeding practices. In any technology transfer process, apparently unrelated nutritional factors need to be considered.     

独占所有权、要素配置与家庭农业生产经营——基于重庆市农户家庭经营行为的实证分析

农村家庭联产承包责任制的实行塑造了家庭对各种农业生产要素的独占所有权,家庭成为农业生产要素的＂所有主体＂和＂配置主体＂。根据实证分析结果,在要素市场和家庭合作的作用下,农业劳动力和土地对农业收入有显著的正向偏效应,土地成为农业生产的硬性约束要素,劳动力存在过度流失的现象,而教育年限、农业资本则对农业生产没有显著的促进作用。因此,必须采取措施扩大家庭土地经营规模、提高人力资本回报率和促进农村劳动力的合理流动。     

试论网络经济的资源配置

经济学是以资源的稀缺性为出发点的，网络经济作为一种新的经济形态也离不开优化资源配置这一经济学主题。网络经济的出现改变了市场配置资源的过程，使资源配置的效率得到提高。     

Examination of the health‐belief model to predict the dietary quality and body mass of adults

We examined the ability of the health‐belief model to predict individuals’ dietary quality and body mass among a nationwide sample of 1319 adults in the United States. Simultaneous estimation of the structural equation model found acceptable goodness‐of‐fit to the data. Explained variance in dietary quality and body mass, however, were moderate to weak. The model included three types of nutrition knowledge: basic facts, diet–health awareness and ability to accurately self‐assess nutrient intake. None of these variables had a strong effect on dietary quality or body mass. We speculate that lifestyle characteristics, cultural habits, community infrastructure, and the politics of food production and retailing – variables found in other studies to affect dietary quality and body mass yet not available in our data – might outweigh the effects of nutrition knowledge and sociodemographic factors on estimating dietary quality and body mass. We suggest that future research and intervention programmes focus more on social, cultural and political context than on nutrition knowledge. Current collaborations among life and social scientists to design foods to improve human nutrition might also prove effective in reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity.     

Do good things come in pairs? How personality traits help explain individuals' simultaneous pursuit of a healthy lifestyle and financially responsible behavior

Both a healthy lifestyle and financially responsible behavior contribute to individual wellbeing and benefit society. Motivated by the fact that both types of behavior involve short-term sacrifices in exchange for uncertain long-term benefits and require self-control, we examine individuals' consistency in behavior across the health and financial domains. Using a large-scale data set of 3,752 employed Australians, we find that the majority of individuals behave in a consistently beneficial or detrimental way across both domains. This behavioral consistency relates to fundamental life outcomes, including physical and mental health, financial prosperity, and life satisfaction. In a new contribution to the literature, we show how personality traits—Locus of Control, the Big Five, Achievement Motivation—have a meaningful role in explaining the simultaneous pursuit of a healthy lifestyle and financially responsible behavior. These behavioral insights can guide policymakers in developing more effective strategies to steer individuals towards beneficial health and financial outcomes.     

资源枯竭地区共性问题与公共政策扶持效应解析

资源枯竭地区存在的共性问题是产业结构单一、效益下降、环境污染严重、城市基础设施落后。对资源枯竭地区进行公共政策扶持会产生“催化”效应及资源配置效应。应借鉴国际、国内资源型城市成功转型的经验,以政策支持为推动,以生态改善为条件,以产业持续为抓手,以民生改善为目的,实施产业结构优化战略,重视生态政策与经济政策的统一,继续强化政策扶持功能的力度,实现政府协调、服务和引导功能。     

合作社内部交易的价格风险配置及其影响因素分析——基于山东省苹果种植户的问卷调查

合作社内部交易的价格风险配置不仅影响风险性农产品的市场供给,而且关系到合作社能否持续和健康发展。利用山东省苹果种植户的调查数据,实证分析合作社内部交易的价格风险配置及其影响因素。实地调查发现,约有45.4%的样本农户与合作社交易时能够在一定程度上降低价格风险。进一步研究显示,合作社内部交易的价格风险配置主要受到种植规模、距市场距离、产品质量、社会资本、合作社类型、年末返利和技术服务等因素的影响,而销售难度、入社时间和结算方式等因素则不具有统计显著性。     

多层资本市场体系资源配置与风险配置的一致性分析

多层资本市场体系的建立既是我国资本市场改革与发展的需要,也是完善金融市场体系的重要内容。文章在对相关理论探讨的基础上,结合我国主板市场、中小板市场和创业板市场的相关实际数据,分别对我国多层资本市场体系的资源配置效率、风险配置效率以及两者的一致性进行了经验分析。分析结果表明:创业板的建立明显提升了我国证券市场的资源配置效率,但却对风险配置效率状况没有明显的影响,资源配置与风险配置仍然保持着相互割裂的状况。     

Application of an interactive exercise tool: student activity,performance and satisfaction in a Household Technology course

ItkA is a new interactive exercise software tool, which provides both a training mode and a test mode. A random generator compiles exercises from a question database. In each test, students have the opportunity to score up to 50 points. The construction of ItkA is based on Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives in the cognitive domain. ItkA has been tested and evaluated in a Household Technology course. In addition to attending face‐to‐face lectures, students had the opportunity to practise as much as they wanted to, parallel to which seven tests were provided and evaluated. Furthermore, data were collected by use of a preliminary survey and a follow‐up survey. The aim of the study was to learn more about students' learning activities and learning behaviour in the Household Technology course. The authors evaluated the students' degree of participation and their results on the tests provided. Finally, student satisfaction with course support and with the design of the course was evaluated. The results clearly show that students only learn actively when lecturers give detailed advice or tasks. Although the test results were surprisingly good, half of the students had difficulties in organizing themselves and were not able to pass all the tests in the given period. There is a significant negative correlation between average test results and the number of questions in the database. In addition, a significant positive correlation between average test time and the number of database questions was found. To minimize this effect, the number of questions should be increased for certain topics. The participants were very satisfied with the course and software support. They rated the whole course as ‘good’ and the ItkA software as slightly, but significantly, better. In summary, ItkA contributes to the improvement of Household Technology courses. Furthermore, the whole course organization was highly consistent with the needs of the students. It is, therefore, recommended that ItkA is implemented in future courses in Household Technology as well as in other courses.     

基于资源配置视角的保险公司社会责任研究

本文从保险的性质与职能所天然具有的社会性出发,研究保险公司履行社会责任的缘起,并对其社会责任的内涵和边界做了理论澄清;利用演化经济学中的Logistic模型,从保险业资源配置的视角分析了保险公司如何在营利性、保险资源开发与履行社会责任三者间求得平衡;并提出了促进我国保险公司履行社会责任,实现保险资源有效开发和利用的相应措施。     

基于渠道细分的营销资源最优化分配方案

多渠道营销是通过两种或多种不同渠道同时向客户提供信息、产品、服务和支持的行为。多营销渠道的细分与构建要考虑三个方面的因素:一是营销渠道细分及布局的合理性;二是营销渠道管理的有效性;三是营销渠道效能评估的科学性。本文主要研究的是营销渠道管理的有效性,即营销资源如何正确、合理、有效地分配至每一个渠道,最大化每个渠道的效益,使公司获得最大利润。本文拟通过建立营销资源最优化分配模型,为企业管理人员在进行多渠道营销资源分配决策时提供科学依据。     

河南省人力资源发展战略分析

根据河南省人力资源状况和地区经济社会发展需要,探讨了河南省人力资源发展战略的原则和目标,并从＂优化人力资源成长和发展环境、创新人力资源管理模式、加大基础人力资源开发力度、从制度的高度谋求对人力资源的解放＂等四个方面分析了河南省人力资源发展战略的重点。     

基于风险预算的新疆居民家庭金融资产的风险资产配置

通过对新疆2013-2017年的居民家庭金融总资产以及投资和储蓄的分析,从宏观的家庭金融资产视角使用Markowitz的投资组合的均值-方差模型在风算预算的基础上,进一步计算出实际新疆居民每年应当用于储蓄或者用于投资与固定风险和较大风险的比例,即得出风险资产的配置,从而提高新疆居民的储蓄向投资的转化,加强居民金融资产的管理和风险资产的分配,提高居民的风险收益,为新疆居民家庭获取更多金融资产投资于风险性收入提供更好的政策建议。     

我国汽车产业组织结构调整与规模经济

世界汽车产业的发展是伴随着企业规模的不断扩张与生产的不断集中过程。我国汽车产业组织结构调整的出发点也是基于追求规模经济的原理。然而获得规模经济单纯通过扩大企业的组织规模与生产规模是无法实现的,优化生产和经营的规模是企业成长有效途径。     

Consumers’ Opinions and Use of Food Labels,Nutrition, and Health Claims: Results from Turkey

This study was conducted to reveal Turkish consumers’ (18–65 years residing 10 cities, n = 1200) opinions and use of food labels, nutrition, and health claims. The majority of both females and males (64.7%, 68.2%) seldom read food labels. Risk for not paying attention to food labels was increased 1.287-fold when the gender was male. The percentage of reading food labels increases as education and income levels of individuals increase (p < 0.05). Expiry dates of foods were the most frequent read item on labels (58.0%). Males mostly read information on label to learn the price of the food (71.0%) while females read it to learn the energy value of food (79.0%). Females had more knowledge on nutrition claims compared to males (p < 0.05). The nutrition claims, which were most frequently read by females and males, were trans fat free (23.5%, 21.0%) and low fat/fat free (23.3%, 20.5%). The claim organic was paid most attention on fruit and vegetables (52.0%). The claim “low cholesterol contributes to maintenance of cardiovascular-health” was the most common health claim read. In summary, Turkish consumer’s behaviour of reading labels and nutrition-health claims could change according to some sociodemographic factors and food products.     

数据包络分析（DEA）在县域乡镇人力资源配置评价中的应用—以密云县为例

人力资源是国民经济中极为重要的主体资源,它的配置好坏日益决定着县域经济能否持续健康的发展。利用数据包络分析（DEA）,以北京市密云县为例,进行各乡镇人力资源配置评价和分析,并对结果进行了讨论。