阿马蒂亚·森的发展经济学评述

阿马蒂亚.森不仅是一位福利经济学家,而且也是一位发展经济学家。森把能力方法应用于发展经济学,主张以人为本的能力发展观,并阐释了自由与发展、文化与发展以及发展过程中政府与市场的关系。森的能力方法以及发展思想对《联合国人类发展报告》产生了重大影响。森的发展经济学对我国的发展战略以及发展计划的制定具有一定的参考价值。     

经济学中的“能力”概念及其反思

尽管彭罗斯的"企业成长理论"和森的"能力方法"重新将"能力"这一概念带回经济学研究视野中,但"能力"及其相关理论目前仍游离于经济学正统之外。"能力"概念及相关理论能否及,又如何成为经济学正统,预示着经济学未来研究方向和范式的转变。该文通过回顾"能力"在经济学中"消失-重现"这一变化过程,进一步厘清经济学的发展过程及其得失,发现经济学未来发展的可能方向。     

从发展观的演变看阿马蒂亚·森对发展经济学的贡献

随着人类社会的发展,发展观也在变化,其总的演进趋势是由单纯注重国民收入的增长转变为“以人为本”的全面发展观。森的“能力方法”对实现这一演变起到了至关重要的作用。同时,森的发展观对我国的发展战略以及发展计划的制定有着重要的参考价值。     

简论阿马蒂亚·森能力贫困理论及对完善中国低保制度的启示

阿马蒂亚·森认为贫困不仅仅是相对地比别人穷,而是基本可行能力的绝对剥夺,由此,提出了能力贫困理论。阿马蒂亚.森的能力贫困理论强调提高人的可行能力就会增强人的生产力和反贫困的能力,开创了贫困问题研究的新视角,拓展了贫困问题的研究方法,这对完善中国低保制度具有重要的理论和实践意义。     

"军民结合"区域自主创新能力评价问题研究

"军民结合"区域自主创新能力可以分解为"军民结合"区域自主创新支撑能力、创新配置能力、创新资源投入能力、创新管理能力和创新产出能力等.只有"军民结合"区域创新系统的创新资源得到了合理的配置和有效的流动,"军民结合"区域自主创新能力的有效性才能得以显现.衡量"军民结合"区域自主创新能力的强弱,需要以一定的原则为指导,运用科学的指标体系进行测评.     

"互联网+"时代下大学生"双创"能力培养问题探究

"互联网+"时代的到来,给大学生双创活动带来了前所未有的挑战与机遇。本文借助文献研究法、问卷调查法、SWOT分析法对大学生双创活动进行分析,提出"互联网+"时代大学生创新创业教育培养的方向与路径。希望对高校培养学生双创能力提供一定的参考帮助。     

生产力观点的主体性诠释--马克思经济理论的"人本"底蕴探析

本文首先论证了对马克思主义的生产力观点必须从主体即劳动者方面去理解;进而论证了在马克思的意义上,生产力的解放,首要的和根本的是劳动者的解放,生产力的发展,最重要的和最有价值的是劳动者素质的全面发展;然后根据马克思的有关论述,结合对阿马蒂亚·森<以自由看待发展>和"第一生产力"、"知识经济"的简要分析,论证了倡导人的全面发展是马克思经济理论的主导理念.     

在养成教育中强化高职学生"非专业能力"之我见

本文在进一步明确了"非专业能力"的基本内涵,和培养高职学生"非专业能力"的重要性的基础上,提出了养成教育是高职学生非专业能力提升的重要途径,并探讨了在养成教育中培养高职学生非专业能力的具体措施.     

市场经济与人的发展

市场经济作为人类社会发展到一定历史阶段而产生的一种经济形式，对人的发展具有重要的积极作用。表现在：它培养了人的独立性；形成了比较全面丰富的社会关系；促使人的能力和潜能得到最大程度的发挥。     

"太平猴魁"茶叶商品链和获益能力分析

文章采用Ribot与Peluso提出的资源获益能力理论以及Gereffi提出的商品链分析方法对黄山"太平猴魁"茶产业进行分析,识别出核心产区茶叶商品链属于生产驱动型,非核心产区茶叶商品链属于购买者驱动型,同时对各商品链参与者进行经济分析以及获益能力构成分析,识别出文化、市场以及自然资源等重要获益能力,为名特优农林产品管理如何同时实现经济致富以及自然资源保护双重目标提供一种新的分析方法.并对当地茶产业发展及资源保护提出建议.     

Capabilities,human development,and design thinking: a framework for gender-sensitive entrepreneurship programs

This paper discusses the ways that capabilities and human development theory can guide the creation of entrepreneurship programs, utilizing a framework of human-centered design thinking. It is well known that a variety of institutional factors shape gender outcomes and gender inequality within entrepreneurship, particularly with regard to necessity versus opportunity entrepreneurship and informal versus formal sector entrepreneurship. Failure to understand the diversity of entrepreneurial activity among women, and the connection (or lack thereof) of such activity to human freedom, leads to biased entrepreneurship programs. This paper links social economic theory and practice by: (1) discussing the ways that capabilities and human development theory relate to entrepreneurship programs; (2) demonstrating that human-centered design thinking reflects the capabilities approach; and (3) showing how the design thinking framework would be used to create a gender-sensitive entrepreneurship program.     

Capabilities and (Missed) Opportunity for Women’s Entrepreneurship in Kuwait

Abstract

Kuwait offers a powerful context for investigating the entrepreneurial cultures developing in Gulf countries in response to the concurrent trends of pursuing economic diversification and efficiency, and the constraints posed by cultural narratives that maintain inequality between the sexes. Bringing a capabilities lens to the analysis of entrepreneurship promotion programs means shifting from a focus on meeting basic human needs to ensuring capabilities development. To begin, we discuss the capabilities approach to entrepreneurship with a focus on the necessity/opportunity classification. Next, we review the entrepreneurship ecosystem in Kuwait, including its focus on opportunity entrepreneurs and the legal, economic, and sociocultural framework in which they operate. After considering the impact of Kuwait’s gender-blind approach on women’s entrepreneurship, we conclude with some suggestions for strengthening Kuwait’s potential for capability expansion through entrepreneurship.     

Developing exploitative and exploratory capabilities through capitalising on alliance orientation

ABSTRACT

Researchers suggest that firms should acquire resources from external environments by adopting alliances to enhance their abilities in developing their core value-creating capabilities. However, the question of how to manage alliances effectively through organisational development in exploitation and exploration capabilities has not yet been examined in detail. Using primary data obtained from 159 R&D managers in Taiwan's electronics industry, this study focuses on the specific mechanisms of alliance orientation (AO) and examines its impact on the development of exploitative and exploratory capabilities. We find that AO enables firms to improve their exploitative and exploratory capabilities. Furthermore, unabsorbed slack resources strengthen the positive effects of AO on exploratory capabilities, while market uncertainty weakens the benefits of AO in both exploitative and exploratory capabilities. The positive effects of AO on exploratory capabilities are also weakened by technological uncertainty. These findings provide strategic insight into strategic alliances and the capability development of firms.     

动态能力、微观能动主体与组织能力提升

在动荡变化的环境中,企业仅仅拥有"VRIN"属性的资源与能力将难以维持竞争优势,只有不断提升组织能力才是企业基业长青的惟一出路。动态能力在组织能力提升中起重要作用,但动态能力的定义自提出至今仍然模糊不清。本文澄清了动态能力的概念内涵,深入分析了企业高层管理者作为动态能力微观能动主体的角色,并在动态能力及其微观能动主体的基础上构建了一个颇具解释力的组织能力提升框架。     

The process of dynamic capability emergence in technology start-ups – an exploratory longitudinal study in China

This study examines what exactly dynamic capabilities look like in technology start-ups and how they emerge and evolve in the emerging market of China. Employing a case-based research method, our findings reveal that the evolutionary path of these start-ups is different than that of well-established firms. Specifically, for a start-up, (1) capabilities of sensing opportunities are shaped by the entrepreneur's existent knowledge and past experience, as well as swiftly adapted in response to external feedback over time; (2) unique competences and fast-acting capabilities at seizing opportunities rely heavily on the mobilisation and orchestration of external complementary resources; (3) a start-up is more nimble in reconfiguring internal resources and external contacts to embrace opportunities to change directions and address threats during the exploration phase and (4) capabilities of sensing, together with capabilities of seizing and transforming or/(re)configuring, form a cycle for the development of dynamic capabilities in a start-up. These results contribute to the research of dynamic capability by empirically grounding the conceptual discussion of dynamic capabilities in technology start-ups and advancing our understanding of the emergence of dynamic capabilities from scratch.     

企业动态能力研究的进展与趋势探析

动态能力的研究已经成为战略管理研究领域的热点之一。本文对国外学者从事动态能力研究的相关文献进行初步梳理,概述了动态能力的研究背景、概念界定和发展机制,总结了国外学者们在动态能力概念上的四个能力观、组织绩效影响上的三个论点和能力结构中的两个决策支持观,指出现有的动态能力研究体系中存在概念上的不统一、能力同质性和异质性的不明确以及作用机制不清楚等需要进一步探明的系列问题,以期能有助于未来的研究发展。     

The Capabilities Conception of the Individual 1

This paper advances a capabilities conception of the individual, and considers some of the problems involved in developing such a conception. It also makes claims about the nature of the capability space as a whole, frames personal development in terms of the idea of moving though the capability space, and argues that people are alike in being increasingly heterogeneous. A key problem for a capabilities conception of the individual is that some capabilities, such as belonging to social groups and having social identities, can undermine individuality. The paper discusses an example in which people can have social identities but can nonetheless be relatively independent when seen as self-organizing. Brief comments on one goal of social economic policy as being identity-promoting conclude the paper.     

Technology capabilities,marketing capabilities and innovation ambidexterity

Linking the literature of resource-based view (RBV) with ambidexterity, we construct an integrative framework of technology capabilities, marketing capabilities, innovation ambidexterity, and organisational performance. Using data from a sample of 190 Chinese hospitals, we find that both technology capabilities and marketing capabilities have an inverse U-shape relationship with innovation ambidexterity. And they can complementarily improve innovation ambidexterity, which further enhances organisational performance. This study deepens our understanding of RBV and ambidexterity by investigating the antecedent roles of technological and marketing capabilities on innovation ambidexterity. We also investigate their interactive role on improving innovation ambidexterity.     

The impact of adoptive management innovations on medium-sized enterprises from a dynamic capability perspective

ABSTRACT

This paper focuses on the nature of adaptive managerial innovation and its effects on organisational dynamic capabilities. Using an original model based on 16 items and PLS – SEM instrument on a sample of 261 Romanian companies, we conclusively demonstrated that dynamic capabilities are an important determinant for management of innovation. Our study further reveals the positive effects of sensing, absorptive and integrative capabilities upon the innovation process. We consider that our study contributes to the development of pragmatic approaches on organisational dynamic capabilities and management of innovation literature.     

基于技术追赶的企业技术能力微观结构研究

在文献评述的基础上,界定了基于技术追赶的企业技术能力概念,剖析了企业技术能力微观结构。认为基于技术追赶的企业技术能力是指在致力于搜索、选择、获取、吸收和改进现有技术的过程中,有效地学习、积累和使用技术知识的能力。技术后进地区或国家的企业通过对技术知识的不断学习、积累和使用,企业技术能力沿着搜索、选择、获得、吸收、改进五阶段模式螺旋式上升。