外资对上海就业效应的实证分析

文章研究表明,FDI(外商直接投资)增量对上海市的劳动就业效应小于零,全部外资增量对上海市的劳动就业效应大于零,FDI存量和全部外资存量对上海市的劳动就业效应均大于零,但前者对上海市劳动就业的促进效应远远大于后者.无论是增量还是存量,FDI和全部外资对上海市第三产业的劳动就业均有显著的促进作用;增量FDI不利于上海市第一产业和第二产业增加劳动就业机会,全部外资增量对上海市第二产业的劳动就业也有负面影响.中国港澳台商的增量投资对上海市的劳动就业促进效应大于其他来源的增量外资;但就存量投资来说,其他外商投资企业对上海市劳动就业的潜在吸收能力大于中国港澳台商投资企业.     

外商直接投资、就业与经济增长的关系研究——以安徽省为例

鉴于外商直接投资（FDI）对一国经济的重要作用,积极引进FDI已成为发展中国家发展国内经济的一项重要政策。而关于FDI对就业和经济增长的影响,理论界仍存在争议。本文尝试对FDI、就业和经济增长的关系进行实证研究,运用Cobb—Douglas生产函数和Eviews5．0统计软件,以安徽省为例,利用安徽省1991—2006年外商直接投资（FDI）、就业与经济增长的相关数据,研究FDI对就业和经济增长的作用。研究结果显示：当年实际利用外商直接投资额（增量FDI）与就业呈负相关关系,而年底累积外商直接投资额（存量FDI）与就业呈正相关关系。由此可见,外商直接投资对就业的影响是长期的创造效应与短期的挤出效应并存。Granger因果关系检验结果显示,FDI所带来的就业与经济增长之间存在双向因果关系。     

基于外资渠道的国外R&D对我国技术创新能力的溢出效应

本文测算了1994～2009年我国的国内R&D资本存量、FDI和ODI渠道溢出的国外R&D资本存量,并建立回归方程,分析外资对我国技术创新能力的溢出效应.实证结果显示,国内R&D支出对我国专利申请数量的贡献最大,FDI对我国专利申请数量有显著的正向溢出效应,ODI对我国专利申请数量有微弱的正向溢出效应.     

论国内金融市场在“外商直接投资和经济增长”中的传导渠道

21世纪以来有关外商直接投资(FDI)文献着重论述了国内金融市场在“FDI和经济增长”中的作用,弥补了以往FDI文献的空白。在此基础上,文章认为,国内金融市场是通过资本形成、就业增加、技术实现和投资效率提高等渠道诱使FDI促进经济增长的。     

FDI和进口贸易对中国的技术溢出效应——基于西方大国与亚洲四小龙的比较

一国(地区)的技术进步不仅取决于本国(地区)的研发资本存量,而且取决于引入的外国(地区)研发资本存量的溢出效应.本文采用扩展的CH模型,将研发资本存量作为解释变量,选取1993年至2006年的面板数据,研究西方大国(G8成员国)和亚洲四小龙通过进口贸易、FDI两个途径对中国的技术溢出效用.研究结论有三:一是FDI的技术溢出效用显著为正;二是西方大国FDI的溢出效应略高于亚洲四小龙;三是我国自己的研发资本存量只是在没有西方大国影响的情况下与全要素生产率存在显著的正相关关系.     

技术进步、资本形成与劳动力就业——FDI影响中国经济增长的渠道分析

运用协整理论和误差修正模型,文章对FDI促进中国经济增长的具体渠道(劳动力就业、国内资本形成、全要素生产率提高)进行了实证检验。结果表明,无论在长期还是在短期内,FDI都通过促进劳动力就业和技术进步推动了中国的经济增长。同时,虽然FDI在短期内对国内投资存在着正向的"挤入"效应,但在长期内却"挤出"了国内投资。比较二者之间的产出弹性,发现FDI的产出弹性要小于国内投资。     

FDI对中国经济发展影响的实证分析与政策建议

FDI对中国经济发展的影响主要表现为:(1)外商投资企业劳动力的就业增量对于经济增长的负效应要小于其他类型企业的就业增量对经济增长的负效应;(2)FDI规模扩大对就业具有直接的创造效应,但对其他类型企业的就业具有一定的负面效应;(3)外商投资企业的出口与世界经济增长和我国的经济增长具有很强的相关性,但与FDI只有较弱的相关性;(4)FDI对于内资企业模仿和学习先进技术具有明显的溢出效应,但对内资企业自主创新能力的提高的溢出效应不大。     

中国对外直接投资区位分布及其决定因素-基于水平型投资的研究

本文在异质性水平型跨国公司理论的基础上,引入资本需求构建出适宜分析对外直接投资存量区位分布的理论模型。使用2003—2009年中国对世界100多个国家和地区的FDI存量数据的经验分析支持模型的相关预测,即中国FDI存量倾向于流入市场规模大、工资水平低、贸易成本高,以及FDI和出口的固定成本差异程度小的国家和地区。估计结果在子样本分析和各种检验中均保持稳健。     

FDI对中国三大经济地带就业效应的实证分析

FDI的就业效应按其作用内容可分为就业数量效应、就业质量效应.利用以科布一道格拉斯函数为基础的FDI就业效应的计量模型,通过对中国的相关数据的实证分析,可以得出FDI流量对中国就业的数量和质量都产生了较明显的正面作用,且对东部地区的就业效应要大于中、西部地区,FDI存量则对中国就业的数量和质量产生间接的负面效应,而对东、中西部就业数量的总体就业效应为正,就业质量的总体效应为负.因此,应改善西部投资环境对FDI的流向分流引导,进一步加快国企改革,提高技术水平和竞争力.     

FDI对中国就业效应的检验

本文利用资本劳动力配置方程将Agosin和Mayer关于FDI对资本挤入挤出效应的经典模型转化为对就业的分析,构建了关于FDI的就业效应与工资效应的实证模型;并使用我国28个省区1987—2004年的面板数据进行实证分析,结果表明,FDI对(国有企业与集体企业)就业水平存在显著的负效应,对工资水平不存在长期影响。以1998年为分界点,将样本划分为两个子样本分别进行分析,结果表明,子样本下的结论与全样本的结果相当一致,但1998年以后FDI对就业的负效应明显增强。     

Managing Foreign Direct Investment: Commitment, Deterrence, And Diversion

The paper models the multinational choice between foreign direct investment in and exporting to a domestic market as an equilibrium outcome of strategic play between domestic and foreign firms. Two cases are considered, one in which the domestic firm can precommit to output levels (as, for example, through investment in a distribution network), and one in which such precommitment is not possible. The domestic firm's strategy in the case of precommitment includes aggressive efforts to deter or divert foreign investment and results in fewer observed equilibria with foreign investment than would otherwise occur. Tariffs designed to switch the foreign decision from exporting to direct investment may lead instead to monopolization of the market by the domestic firm.     

Welfare‐reducing Domestic Cost Reduction*

We show that cost reduction by a domestic firm may reduce domestic welfare if it changes a foreign firm’s production strategy from foreign direct investment to export. Domestic cost reduction can be welfare reducing when the domestic market is sufficiently small and domestic firm’s marginal cost of production is higher than the foreign firm’s marginal cost of production under foreign direct investment, which is a usual feature of trade between developed and developing countries. So, developing countries with small domestic markets need competent competition policies when encouraging domestic innovation and also trying to attract foreign direct investment.     

国有企业改革对利用外资的影响分析

国有企业改革的深入 必然对利用外资产生诸 多影响。促进 的作用是： 外 商投资的需求增强； 外商投资的领域扩大； 投 资范围拓宽； 投资方式更为多样化； 投资环 境更为改善。带来的挑战是： 外商投资面临新的 竞争； 国内 经济环境有限制投资的因 素； 资本市场 发育滞后阻碍外商投资多样化； 国内竞争力提高对外商投资收益带来影响。     

Domestic R&D,Foreign Direct Investment and Welfare

This paper provides a new rationale to examine the two‐way relationship between domestic research and development (R&D) and foreign direct investment (FDI), as well as their impacts on domestic welfare. Our analysis is based on the strategic interaction in cost‐reducing investment decisions between domestic firms and a foreign firm, which is different from the common factors that are discussed in the literature such as spillovers and technology sourcing. Our results are as follows. We show that domestic R&D investment may either increase or decrease the foreign firm's FDI incentives. Further, depending on the marginal cost of domestic firms, domestic R&D incentives can always increase regardless of the effects of domestic R&D investment on the foreign firm's FDI decision. Finally, we find that domestic welfare improves under domestic cost reduction if the slope of the marginal cost of domestic R&D investment is sufficiently small.     

近代外国在华投资:规模与效应分析

传统观点认为,近代外国在华投资不仅盈利极其丰厚,而且还严重抑制了中国本土企业的成长与发展,成为阻碍近代中国经济发展的一个重要因素。本文通过对近代外国在华投资的规模、利润率以及外国投资与日俱增背景下中资企业成长、发展情况的分析,发现传统观点是值得商榷的,文章认为近代外国在华直接投资的正效应是非常明显的,不仅没有成为中资企业发展的阻碍,而且还刺激并促进了中资企业的成长与发展。当然,至于外国间接投资的效应则需要进行具体分析。     

Getting help from abroad: The macroeconomics of foreign direct investment in infrastructure in low‐income countries

Infrastructure financing needs in most low‐income countries are substantial, but funding for such needs is only partly covered by national governments and aid donors. This paper introduces foreign direct investment (FDI) through public–private partnerships as a source of infrastructure financing in low‐income countries. A two‐sector open economy model is developed to assess the macroeconomic performance of FDI in infrastructure. With efficient foreign investment, an increase in revenue‐generating infrastructure investment boosts productivity and spurs private investment while stabilizing domestic prices. A direct comparison between infrastructure financed by domestic versus foreign investment shows that foreign investment creates higher output growth and welfare gains and is preferable to domestically sourced investment, irrespective of the underlying financing instrument the domestic economy is employing. FDI in non‐revenue‐generating infrastructure is also analyzed and discussed.     

Effects of foreign equity participation on recipient firm exports

We offer new evidence on the role of foreign investment in domestic firms’ export decisions, both at intensive and extensive margins, using balance sheet data from a panel of manufacturing firms in India. In contrast to the existing literature, we analyse the effect of foreign investment at different levels, where the levels correspond to percentages of foreign equity. We use a selection procedure to control for the potential self-selection of firms into export participation. Though we do find that foreign investment increases a domestic firm’s likelihood to export, firms with majority foreign equity are found to serve domestic market more, once the self-selection is accounted for.     

房地产价格与房地产投资来源结构

近几年来,大量外资以及民间资本纷纷进入我国房地产业,而与此同时我国部分地区房地产价格出现了不合理上涨,为了探讨房地产投资来源结构与房地产价格之间的关系,本文运用1999年房地产投资以及销售的数据建立了二者之间的模型,回归结果表明:外资以及民间资本对我国这轮房地产价格的上涨起着重要的推进作用;国内贷款对房地产价格的上涨影响不大;债券投资对房地产的价格会产生抑制作用.     

Environmental Regulation: An Incentive for Foreign Direct Investment

Empirical evidence has so far failed to confirm that lenient environmental regulation attracts investment from polluting firms. In a Cournot duopoly with a foreign firm and a domestic firm, we show that the foreign firm may want to relocate to the domestic country with stricter environmental regulation, when the move raises its rival domestic firm's cost by sufficiently more than its own. The domestic (foreign) country's welfare is (usually) lower with foreign direct investment.     

Flows of direct investment and their effects on investment in Canada

An accelerator-flow of funds model of investment is used to estimate the effects of direct investment abroad by Canadian firms and direct investment by foreign firms on domestic investment in Canada for the period 1957.I–1971.IV. The results show that direct investment abroad has a negative effect, whereas foreign direct investment has a positive effect on domestic investment. The latter results confirm earlier findings by Caves and Reuber (1971).