On the Relationship between the Student–Advisor Match and Early Career Research Productivity for Agricultural and Resource Economics Ph.D.s

We use a unique data set on students receiving their Ph.D.s from top-ranked agricultural and resource economics programs to investigate how the ranking of a student's dissertation advisor affects his or her early career research productivity. After controlling for program reputation, we find that the higher the relative research productivity of a student's dissertation advisor the greater the student's early career research productivity. Allowing the estimated effects of advisor rank to vary with program reputation suggests that students from lower-ranked programs working with relatively more prominent advisors outperform their peers at highly ranked programs working with less prominent advisors.     

美国以自然资源保护为宗旨的土地休耕经验

美国土地休耕制度包括一系列水土保持计划和以土壤侵蚀度为主要指标的水土保持评价标准,它通过一系列耕地保护计划来推行。回顾美国农业耕作土地采取休耕政策及其实施情况,讨论了值得我国学习和借鉴的土地休耕计划的政策的成本费用等问题。     

美国农业经济学科变迁及对中国的启示

本文对美国农业经济学科不同发展阶段进行了总结,描述了美国农业经济学科如何从传统农业经济学逐渐拓展到资源与环境经济学、农村社区管理和AgribusinesS的过程,美国农业产业变迁、就业市场变动和产业外部环境变化是导致美国农业经济学科变迁的根本原因。最后,结合当前中国农业经济学科的现状,提出了相关学科发展的建议。     

Natural Resource Contests and Precolonial Institutions in Papua New Guinea

This paper investigates the role that precolonial institutions play in relation to postcolonial natural resource ownership contests. Papua New Guinea provides a unique case study, as it is recorded as having the most decentralized precolonial political institutions of any postcolonial state. After an examination of its precolonial institutions, colonial land policy and three case studies, it is concluded that persistent highly decentralized customary political units, coupled with customary notions of inalienability of land and overlaid with a state property rights regime, lead to resource contests. It is concluded that resource ownership contests can have serious adverse consequences for resource management and that they are not easily overcome.     

关于我国农产品市场问题的几点认识与思考

本文在分析我国新形势下农产品市场存在问题基础上,着重论述了当前我国农产品市场需要重点认识和处理的六种关系及需要重点把握和推进的五个着力点.     

自然资源资产的价值和价格

研究目的：解释自然资源资产价值观和制度选择对价格信号的影响机制，为健全自然资源资产的市场配置机制提供理论参考。研究方法：建立“价值和价格”的制度分析框架，对两类自然资源资产的价值、价格与制度之间的关系进行制度分析。研究结果：（1）价值观决定制度选择、制度选择决定价格，三者属于一个联动的系统；（2）快速发展阶段土地资源、资产和资本三种属性的形成，是一个伴随着价值共识演化的过程，而价值共识的演化则需要得到制度改革的支持；（3）目前一些试点的生态产品价值实现机制（即制度设计），过度以经济价值转化为目标，会造成民众对生态产品价值认识扭曲的问题。研究结论：现阶段的自然资源资产管理制度需要在塑造和强化生态文明价值观两个层面上进行制度创新：一是推动不同立场的组织或个人参与决策；二是将保护生态环境的公共政策设计从事后逻辑转变为事前逻辑。     

Goal Programming: Potential and Limitations for Agricultural Economics

Recently, goal programming (GP) has been discussed in the literature as an alternative to linear programming, particularly in decision-making environments involving multiple objectives. In this paper we present an overview of the different GP formulations, their assumptions, limitations, and implications for agricultural decision making. Furthermore, a new insight into the interpretation of duality in GP is discussed. The concept of "standardized dual variables" which provides a more meaningful interpretation of shadow prices in GP is introduced. A simple but realistic farm agricultural planning example is used to illustrate the analysis.
Récemment, la technique de programmation appellée "goal programming" ou "GP" a été presentée dans la literature comme une alternative à la programmation Iinéaire, particulièrement dans les situations òu le procés de décision est basé sur plusieurs objectifs simultanés. Dans cet article nous présentons une vue génerale des différentes formes de la "GP;" leurs hypothèses de base. Ieurs limitations, et leurs implications pour le procés de decision agricole, une nouvelle intérpretation de la dualité en "GP" est proposée. En particulier, le concept de "variables duales standardisées" est introduit, ce qui permet une interpretation plus significative des prix de reference en "GP." Finalement. un exemple simple mais réaliste de planification agrcole a l' échelle d' une ferme est pour élucider utilisé l' analyse.