我国城市公用事业民营化模式探讨

目前,我国城市公用事业民营化还没有形成一个稳固有效的模式.本文借鉴国外公用事业民营化改革的模式,设计出"政府引导+特许经营"模式,认为政府引导主要从特许经营法律法规体系、运作程序等多方面实施引导,可依据公用事业项目的不同类型,从而采取不同的路径实现方式.     

我国公用事业民营化中的政府监管研究

公用事业民营化能够使政府摆脱财政危机,对提升公用事业的运营效率有着重要的作用,政府部门从中国国情和社会背景出发,做好对公用事业民营化的监管,对推动我国公用事业民营化稳定、正确的发展至关重要,本文对我国公用事业民营化中的政府监管做了简要研究。     

城市公用事业民营化绩效的评价体系研究

评价民营化改革的绩效可以为进一步推进城市公用事业的民营化改革提供指引。本文讨论了城市公用事业民营化改革绩效的评价原则、评价内容和评价指标体系,以期为进一步推进城市公用事业民营化改革提供借鉴。     

公用事业民营化浪潮——各路资本争食公用事业蛋糕

长期以来，供水、供热、绿化、垃圾处理等公用事业属于国家的垄断性行业，被称为“计划经济的最后堡垒”。随着政策的逐渐放开，各路资本纷份进入公用事业领域，这不单提高了公共服务的效率，还减轻了政府的财政负担。但是，与一般企业追求利润最大的普通诉求相比，公用事业民营化的浪潮负载着更多的社会责任，其自然垄断属性也决定了市场竞争制度的部分失灵。因而，如何在确保企业盈利的同时通过建立完善的监管体系使社会效益最大化，便成了公用事业民营化的关键所在。     

对公用事业民营化趋势的制度供求分析

本文采用制度供求分析框架研究公用事业民营化的影响因素与趋势特征.宪法秩序与现存制度安排的变化为公用事业民营化提供了制度保证;巨大的财政压力迫使政府进行制度创新;国外公用事业改革为制度创新提供了知识积累;决策者利益使制度供给复杂化;技术发展增加了对公用事业民营化的需求;市场规模扩大减少了公用事业民营化的经济障碍.中国公用事业民营化趋势具有必然性、渐进性与多样性、不平衡性及一定的不稳定性等特征.     

城市公用事业民营化中规制机构的独立性研究

城市公用事业民营化自然会对传统的规制提出挑战,需要进行规制改革以符合民营化的进程.规制机构的独立性是合理规制的重要条件.加强规制机构的独立性,应当解决目前城市公用事业规制机构独立性的最主要问题--政企不分,应当体现规制机构与城市政府的相对独立,体现在规制上必须具备法理的独立性及规制机构自身运转的独立性.     

关于城市公用事业实施市场化的多元化经营思考

部分城市公用事业极少通过市场机制来供给,为了弥补市场的不足,城市政府不得不承担较大的公用事业建设与运营管理责任。由于城市政府用于城市公用事业的财政支出有限,造成城市公用事业的发展滞后,阻碍了城市建设现代化的进程。因此要进一步转变城市政府直接投资、建设、经营管理城市公用事业的单一模式,应以市场化方式推动其投资、建设、经营的多元化。     

关于城市公用事业实施市场化的多元化经营思考

部分城市公用事业极少通过市场机制来供给,为了弥补市场的不足,城市政府不得不承担较大的公用事业建设与运营管理责任.由于城市政府用于城市公用事业的财政支出有限,造成城市公用事业的发展滞后,阻碍了城市建设现代化的进程.因此要进一步转变城市政府直接投资、建设、经营管理城市公用事业的单一模式,应以市场化方式推动其投资、建设、经营的多元化.     

谈城市公用事业民营化中的风险管理问题

我国城市公用事业民营化是一个不断探索和推进的过程,因而改革的过程可能导致风险的发生.由于公用事业对于我国城市社会经济生活的重要性,这些风险产生的后果可能比较重要.因而,应对和防范这些风险也是推进我国城市公用事业民营化的一个重要的理论问题.     

公用事业民营化进程中的政府规制重构

民营化逐渐成为西方国家公用事业改革以及政府治理模式变革的基本潮流，并对后发展中国家的行政改革产生了巨大的示范作用。转型中国的公用事业民营化在约束条件、目的、绩效评估等方面与发达国家有所区别；对政府合理边界的确定是民营化改革成功的关键，要以破除行政性垄断为突破口、依法规制为核心、适当放松规制为原则、建立相对独立的规制机构为保障重构政府规制体系，促进公用事业的发展。     

基于实证的考量：公私合作制的概念、动因及本质

市政公用事业的民营化已成为全球民营化改革的主流。实践证明,在市政公用事业领域,由公共部门和私营部门共同参与生产和提供公共物品及服务的制度安排作为一种全新的概念模式方兴未艾。它被形象地称作＂公私合作制＂,其内涵正不断被各国独具特色的实践所演绎和丰富。传统监管模式的失灵是催生公私合作制的根本动因,从中亦折射出西方国家对这种传统监管进行深度反思与大胆革新的智慧和勇气。公私合作制绝非简单的产权改革,更不是所谓的＂私有化＂,从本质上看,它是一项依托政府承担监管责任,通过竞争机制与市场监管良性互动予以维系的综合性制度。     

Do Partial Cross Ownership and Budget Constraints Matter for Privatization Policy?

We show that in the presence of cross-ownership associated with an improvement of production inefficiency of the public firm, the optimal privatization policy is full privatization whether budget constraints are imposed on the public firm. For reaching a higher level of social welfare, the government does not need to impose budget constraints on the public firm when the fixed cost is low.     

我国城市公用事业政府监管绩效评价研究：综述和建议

政府对城市公用事业监管水平的高低关系到城市居民的生活质量,关系到城市社会的安全和稳定,关系到城市经济的持续健康发展。科学地评价城市公用事业政府监管绩效是提高监管水平的必要前提。文章分别从指标体系的构建、评价方法的选取以及评价角度三个方面对我国城市公用事业政府监管绩效评价的研究现状进行回顾,总结现阶段的研究特点,并针对现存问题提出相应的建议。     

Privatization in Saudi Arabia: Is slow beautiful?

The aim of this article is to abridge the dearth of academic research on Saudi Arabia's privatization strategy, which is touted by government as key to empowering the business community in the largest economy in the Middle East and North Africa region. Whereas some contend privatization has moved at a slow pace and that the business model employed for privatizing public enterprises lacks commercial business efficiency standards, government retorts that, guided by an organized and sequential process, privatization has been successful. This article maintains that if privatization is to confer the benefits claimed for it and sway international investors equipped with modern managerial skills and technical know‐how, authorities need to accelerate privatization and subject enterprises to steadfast market competitive forces. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

城市公用事业特许经营合约中的资产转移问题研究——以城市轨道交通为例

本文在资产转移模型的基础上,结合我国城市公用事业特许经营拍卖中合约设计与执行的实际,从理论上扩展了资产转移模型,得出只有潜在进入企业的成本优势大于资产转移的转移成本时,潜在的进入企业才会参与特许经营权竞标的结论,并针对城市轨道交通洞体轨道与车辆运营分离下特许经营合约存在的问题,提出政府要将资产转移费用作为合约管制的重要内容的政策建议.     

黑龙江省城市公用事业发展现状分析

随着城市化水平不断提高,黑龙江省市政公用事业得到了长足发展。城市公用事业水平不断提高,使人民的日常生活得到了一定保障,但是由于城市公用设施改革起步晚,投资主体单一,造成了市政公用设施的严重落后,今后需要通过体制、投融资、监管各方面的改革促进黑龙江省市政公用事业的快速进步。     

Challenging the Third Rail: Iconography and Social Security Reform

The Social Security system is expected to go bankrupt in approximately 2032. The debate on how to reform the system currently revolves around the issue of privatization. Advocates of privatization claim that allowing individuals to invest some of their SSI contributions would provide greater returns and protect the system from insolvency. Opponents of privatization argue that such a move would expose individuals to excessive risk.The debate should be resolved through a rational examination of alternative proposals. Unfortunately, defenders of the status quo are again resorting to the type of iconography seen in other recent public policy debates. They are equating defense of the current government-financed system with protecting the elderly from evil predators who wish to "starve the old folks" for their own gain. The purpose of this paper is to show how iconography could harm future retirees by stifling debate on an important public policy issue.     

Policy transfer and policy inertia: privatization in Taiwan

In recent years, privatization seems to have been more talked about than carried out in a number of countries. This study looks at the progress of privatization in Taiwan in the light of the literature on policy transfer. Although the government of Taiwan announced a privatization programme in the late 1980s, by the end of 1998 sales of state-owned enterprises had occurred much more slowly than planned. The first part of the article reviews the literature on policy transfer. Policy transfer has been described as the process by which policies transfer from one country to another due to mimetic, normative or coercive effects. Taiwan's privatization programme is then reviewed and the main barriers to change are identified. The study concludes by considering the implications of Taiwan's record on privatization for our understanding of policy transfer in an international context.     

Privatization of health care services in Canada: Reform or regress?

The emergence of the privatization of health care services as one of the dominant health policy issues in many western industrialized countries is no doubt related to a number of factors, including rising health care costs, fiscal crisis in the form of budgetary deficits, charges of public waste and mismanagement and underfunding, the onset of a new era of political and fiscal conservatism, and professional and corporate antipathy to certain aspects of publicly financed health insurance schemes. The paper discusses the meaning of privatization and stresses the importance of recognizing the different forms of privatization and the need to assess these forms against well specified health policy objectives. Current and proposed forms of privatization in Canada are described and evaluated. It is concluded that there are sound arguments against privatization through user fees for insured physician and hospital services. As for the other forms of privatization there are confusing and inconsistent findings that preclude a definitive conclusion as to the wisdom of a general push for privatization. It is stressed that there are not many empirically established facts about the likely effects of privatization and the many claims about the virtues of privatization are far from substantiated by careful research. In the absence of such evidence the push for reprivatization seems, as some critics have pointed out, ideologically motivated.