公用事业民营化进程中的政府规制重构

民营化逐渐成为西方国家公用事业改革以及政府治理模式变革的基本潮流，并对后发展中国家的行政改革产生了巨大的示范作用。转型中国的公用事业民营化在约束条件、目的、绩效评估等方面与发达国家有所区别；对政府合理边界的确定是民营化改革成功的关键，要以破除行政性垄断为突破口、依法规制为核心、适当放松规制为原则、建立相对独立的规制机构为保障重构政府规制体系，促进公用事业的发展。     

我国公用事业民营化中的政府监管研究

公用事业民营化能够使政府摆脱财政危机,对提升公用事业的运营效率有着重要的作用,政府部门从中国国情和社会背景出发,做好对公用事业民营化的监管,对推动我国公用事业民营化稳定、正确的发展至关重要,本文对我国公用事业民营化中的政府监管做了简要研究。     

城市公用事业民营化中规制改革的出发点

关于城市公用事业民营化涉及到的规制改革方面,放松规制与强化规制均有一定道理.要放松进入规制,解决民营企业"进的来"问题;要实行不对称规制,解决民营企业"呆的住"问题;要强化社会规制,解决民营企业"干的好"问题.     

城市公用事业民营化改革中公平与效率的关系探讨

本文从公平与效率的概念入手,分析了城市公用事业民营化过程中公平与效率的现状及其关系,为我们正确处理公用资源有限性和人们需求多样性的关系提供了参考依据。     

黑龙江省城市公用事业民营化改革的动因分析

改革开放50多年来,黑龙江省城市公用事业得到了一定发展。然而,由于公用事业领域管理体制僵硬,政企不分、政资不分的计划经济色彩比较浓厚,加之公用事业的地方政府单一投资局面,使得黑龙江省的城市公用事业仍然严重滞后于城市化建设的需要,因而应借鉴发达国家和国内发达省市的一些先进做法,将民间资本引入到市政公用事业领域中。     

谈城市公用事业民营化中的风险管理问题

我国城市公用事业民营化是一个不断探索和推进的过程,因而改革的过程可能导致风险的发生.由于公用事业对于我国城市社会经济生活的重要性,这些风险产生的后果可能比较重要.因而,应对和防范这些风险也是推进我国城市公用事业民营化的一个重要的理论问题.     

我国城市公用事业民营化模式探讨

目前,我国城市公用事业民营化还没有形成一个稳固有效的模式.本文借鉴国外公用事业民营化改革的模式,设计出"政府引导+特许经营"模式,认为政府引导主要从特许经营法律法规体系、运作程序等多方面实施引导,可依据公用事业项目的不同类型,从而采取不同的路径实现方式.     

城市公用事业民营化中规制机构的独立性研究

城市公用事业民营化自然会对传统的规制提出挑战,需要进行规制改革以符合民营化的进程.规制机构的独立性是合理规制的重要条件.加强规制机构的独立性,应当解决目前城市公用事业规制机构独立性的最主要问题--政企不分,应当体现规制机构与城市政府的相对独立,体现在规制上必须具备法理的独立性及规制机构自身运转的独立性.     

公用事业民营化改革对消费者风险研究

本文研究了公用事业民营化改革给消费者带来的价格上涨的风险、产品或服务质量下降的风险、普遍服务缺失以及价格歧视的风险等三类风险,分析了这三类风险产生的原因,并提出了风险防范对策,为保证公用事业改革顺利实施、达到预期目标提供参考。     

城市公用事业民营化绩效的评价体系研究

评价民营化改革的绩效可以为进一步推进城市公用事业的民营化改革提供指引。本文讨论了城市公用事业民营化改革绩效的评价原则、评价内容和评价指标体系,以期为进一步推进城市公用事业民营化改革提供借鉴。     

论公用事业产品的市场供给

传统理论认为公用事业产品是不能通过市场有效提供的,但随着社会技术的发展和制度的创新与完善,越来越多的私人投资涉及公用事业产品领域。公用事业产品私人供给的必要性在于可以增强竞争意识,有利于经济和社会效益的提高,有利于解决基础性项目的资金短缺,消除社会经济的“瓶颈”障碍。政府应采取合约出租、政府购买、特许经营、经济资助、政府参股等方式利用市场提供公用事业产品。     

Social Responsibility and the Utilities

This paper examines recent developments in U.K. utility regulation from a business ethics perspective. The regulatory framework that facilitated privatisation of the utility companies has foundations based upon free market principles involving a transfer from regulation to competitive markets wherever possible. Where competition is not feasible, continuing economic regulation is relied upon, designed to mirror the competitive market to induce, through comparative competition and the price capping mechanism, incentives for greater efficiency. The New Labour Government, having fundamentally reviewed this framework when it came to office, has surprisingly endorsed its basic tenets. However, it wishes to superimpose social responsibility regulations designed to achieve social policy rather than economic objectives. This interventionist approach is in itself in conflict with the free market inspired regulatory framework but additionally, the imposition of social policy objectives creates fundamental ambiguities within the framework for the key stakeholders. The paper concludes that the Government's policy, by eliciting stakeholder confusion and perverse behaviour, could be counter-productive but that ethical theories and frameworks can contribute to thinking in this vital area of the economy.     

农村公共事业管理创新探讨

农村公共事业管理制度创新是推进农村公共事业又好又快发展的根本保障。本文分析了我国农村公共事业管理滞后的原因,论述了实现公共事业管理创新的必要性,探讨了实现农村公共事业管理创新的实现途径。     

中国城市农民工的公共治理与构建社会主义和谐社会

近几年,农民工问题成为国家和社会关注的热点。农民工促进了我国和谐社会的构建,推进了我国现代化进程的和谐发展。政府应切实解决好农民工工资偏低而且经常被拖欠的问题,解决农民工劳动安全条件差、缺乏社会保障等问题。贯彻公平对待、一视同仁、强化服务、完善管理。保护和调动农民工的积极性,促进我国新农村建设的和谐发展。     

区域产业簇群的发展与政府职责

本文认为,现代产业簇群是基于地缘关系、产业技术链、同业交往等关系而共生的产生群体,是提高国家经济实力和国际竞争力的重要途径。它的产生与发展是技术进步和社会分工的结果,是产业发展的客观规律,经济全球化是现代产业簇群的必然趋势。为了促进我国产业簇群的发展,文章提出,政府在产业簇群的发展中应遵循产业簇群的发展规律,充分发挥其在重视与定位、研究与规划、宣传与传播、引导与协调、支持与宽容、保障与政策等方面的职能。     

公共危机中的政府传播研究

经济与社会发展的转型期是矛盾的多发期,一些矛盾处理不当会导致群体性公共危机。本研究总结了公共危机产生的种类与原因,归纳了政府积极传播对化解公共危机的作用。通过对公共危机中有害信息传播规律的分析,并联系我国当前的传播现状——传播理念、方法、方式滞后;传播渠道协同性差;政府与部门之间无法信息共享;传统政府组织结构传播效率低,提出了改善公共危机中的政府传播需要改造传统的＂政务流程＂;完善危机政府传播机制;构建政府传播的电子政务平台。     

我国城市公用事业政府监管绩效评价研究：综述和建议

政府对城市公用事业监管水平的高低关系到城市居民的生活质量,关系到城市社会的安全和稳定,关系到城市经济的持续健康发展。科学地评价城市公用事业政府监管绩效是提高监管水平的必要前提。文章分别从指标体系的构建、评价方法的选取以及评价角度三个方面对我国城市公用事业政府监管绩效评价的研究现状进行回顾,总结现阶段的研究特点,并针对现存问题提出相应的建议。     

政府储备粮招标采购研究

本文认为,政府储备粮招标因标的大,投标者数量多,往往采用类似于第一价格密封拍卖方式进行,即根据每个投标者的报价,由低到高排序,并将其投标的粮食数量累加,直到累加的数量达到政府既定的采购数量为止。本文运用博弈论的招标理论,建立了一个政府储备粮招标采购模型,研究竞标企业的报价策略,模型分析了企业报价与其单位成本、竞标者数量等因素之间的关系。文章指出,企业的单位可变成本越大,竞价企业的数量越多,企业的报价越接近其单位成本。     

Public Policies on Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Governments in Europe

Over the last decade, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been defined first as a concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a better society and cleaner environment and, second, as a process by which companies manage their relationship␣with stakeholders (European Commission, 2001. Nowadays, CSR has become a priority issue on governments’ agendas. This has changed governments’ capacity to act and impact on social and environmental issues in their relationship with companies, but has also affected the framework in which CSR public policies are designed: governments are incorporating multi-stakeholder strategies. This article analyzes the CSR public policies in European advanced democracies, and more specifically the EU-15 countries, and provides explanatory keys on how governments have understood, designed and implemented their CSR public policies. The analysis has entailed the classification of CSR public policies taking into consideration the actor to which the governments’ policies were addressed. This approach to the analysis of CSR public policies in the EU-15 countries leads us to observe coinciding lines of action among the different countries analyzed, which has enabled us to propose a ‹four ideal’ typology model for governmental action on CSR in Europe: Partnership, Business in the Community, Sustainability, and Citizenship, and Agora. The main contribution of this article is to propose an analytical framework to analyze CSR public policies, which provide a perspective on the relationships between governments, businesses, and civil society stakeholders, and enable us to incorporate the analysis of CSR public policies into a broader approach focused on social governance. Laura Albareda is currently a Research Fellow at the Institute for Social Innovation, ESADE, Universidad Ramon Llull-URL. She is principal researcher and manager of the Observatory on Socially Responsible Investment in Spain. Her areas of research and academic interest are Corporate Social Responsibility, Business Ethics, Global Governance and Public Authorites, Governments and Public Policies on Corporate Social Responsibility and Socially Responsible Investment. Josep M. Lozano is currently Professor & Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Innovation, ESADE Business School (URL). He is Co-founder of ética, Economía y Dirección (Spanish branch of the EBEN) and member of the editorial board of Ethical Perspectives and Society and Business Review. He was member of the Catalan Government’s Commission on Values, and is member of the Spanish Ministry of Employment and Social Affairs’ Commission of Experts on CSR. He has been a highly commended runner-up in the European Faculty Pioneer Awards of the Beyond Grey Pinstripes and is author of Ethics and Organizations. Understanding Business Ethics as a Learning Process (Kluwer). Tamyko Ysa is an Assistant Professor of the Institute of Public Management, and the Department of Business Policy at ESADE. Her areas of interest are the management of partnerships and their impact on the creation of public value; the design, implementation and evaluation of public policies, and the relations between companies and governments. She is the Principal Researcher of the Research Group for Leadership and Innovation in Public Management (GLIGP). She is coauthor of Governments and Corporate Social Responsibility (Palgrave MacMillan).