创业者网络能力、吸收能力与新创小微企业成长

新创小微企业往往资源匮乏,需要从外部关系网络中获取所需资源,创业者的网络能力就成为影响企业成长的重要因素,但是网络能力对新创企业绩效影响机理的"黑箱"有待进一步打开。为此,本文从创业者能力的异质性出发,提出"网络能力—吸收能力—成长绩效"的作用路径,并以141家新创小微企业为样本进行实证分析。结果发现:创业者的网络构建能力和网络嵌入能力对企业成长绩效具有显著的直接影响,而关系管理能力对企业成长绩效的直接影响并不显著;创业者的吸收能力在网络嵌入能力与企业成长绩效之间起到部分中介作用,在关系管理能力与企业成长绩效之间起到完全中介作用。     

新疆生产性服务业就业吸纳能力的分析

运用就业弹性和投入产出方法和利用非线性回归模型,对新疆生产性服务业的直接就业吸纳能力进行实证分析,其结果显示新疆生产性服务业对新疆近几年就业增长做出了很大贡献。优先发展生产性服务业是解决并增加就业的重要途径。新疆在制定生产性服务业发展战略的过程中要做到：合理统筹服务业中不同行业的发展次序,加强金融服务业等对经济发展和就业的促进作用,加强城乡、农村金融机构的建设,对金融、保险、通信等就业吸纳空间大而垄断程度高的行业。应该减少行业垄断、放松市场准入,扩大就业吸纳能力。     

The Impact of Knowledge Acquisition and Absorptive Capacity on Technological Innovations in Developing Countries: Evidence From Egyptian Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

The author examines the determinants of technological innovations in Egyptian manufacturing and service small and medium-sized enterprises. Three categories of determinants are explored: (a) firms’ exposure to external knowledge and technologies, (b) firms’ absorptive capacity, and (c) financial and market barriers to innovation. A large dataset derived from the 2009 Egyptian innovation survey is used to estimate two binary logit models of factors explaining firms’ propensity to innovate in the manufacturing and service sectors. Results show that Egyptian manufacturing and service small and medium-sized enterprises follow similar paths to innovate and confirm the assumption that the catching-up reality in most developing countries makes the patterns followed by firms to innovate fundamentally different from those applied in countries at the technology frontier.     

Marketing and Technological Absorptive Capacities: Environmental Antecedents and Performance Outcomes in High-Tech Firms

Purpose: This article investigates marketing and technology absorptive capacities as distinct types of external knowledge while considering three environmental conditions, namely uncertainty, munificence, and heterogeneity and two distinct outcomes, namely innovation and financial performance.

Methodology/approach: Using a quantitative approach, the authors analyze data from 141 Israeli business-to-business high-tech firms.

Findings: The data mostly supported the hypotheses. Empirical findings imply that an uncertain environment is a precursor for a strong effort to develop a technological absorptive capacity and, to a lesser extent, a marketing absorptive capacity. Technological and marketing absorptive capacities were found to be distinct constructs with positive impacts on financial and innovation performance. Marketing absorptive capacity had a stronger impact than technological absorptive capacity on financial performance. Surprisingly, marketing absorptive capacity was negatively associated with innovation performance.

Originality/value: This study attempts to overcome some limiting assumptions of absorptive capacity theory that have contributed to its reification in order to make three theoretical contributions. First, it distinguishes between marketing and technological absorptive capacities. Second, it tests differential responses of the two absorptive capacities to environmental contingencies. Third, it compares the differential impacts of marketing and technological absorptive capacities on financial and innovation performance.     

Middle managers' role in transferring person-centered management and care

This paper presents a study of the role of middle managers in the knowledge transfer related to a person-centered management and care approach at a physical rehabilitation center. This qualitative research comprises a multi-case study, representing the six middle managers of the organization studied. The main findings generated by this research indicate that despite top management's efforts to disseminate a person-centered approach throughout the organization, the knowledge transfer process mainly depends on the absorptive capacity of middle managers. When middle managers have the capacity to absorb the person-centered approach, often because it is compatible with their values and current practices, this capacity is expressed mainly through their behavioral exemplarity. The results of the study also engender an intervention model illustrating the key role of middle managers in the transfer of a person-centered management and care approach. The model includes macro- and micro-contextual elements that facilitate the transfer.     

如何提高电子商务时代的文化管理效能

电子商务的兴起是一场由技术手段飞速发展而引发的商业运作模式的变革,它对传统经济活动的生存基础、运作方式和管理机制均产生了彻底改变,传统的企业文化也面临着巨大的冲击,而塑造与变革新型的文化机制是必经之路,提高文化管理效能是电子商务时代制胜之路。     

Reverse knowledge transfer from subsidiaries to multinational companies: Focusing on factors affecting market knowledge transfer

Despite increasing research on reverse knowledge transfer (RKT) from subsidiaries to headquarters (HQs), there is no academic consensus on the primary determinants influencing RKT. By incorporating four different facets (i.e., absorption, sharing, implanting, and application of market knowledge) of the phenomenon, we draw new insights into RKT. Through empirically testing the phenomenon in the Korean context, we reveal that market knowledge absorption by subsidiaries is a critical component that influences the knowledge integration mechanisms (KIMs) within MNC networks. Furthermore, KIMs within MNC networks are primary keys for absorptive capacity (AC) of HQs and knowledge relevance between HQs and subsidiaries. Our results extend our understanding of RKT, while also offering useful implications for MNCs that intend to establish subsidiaries in foreign markets. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从降低生育率到稳定低生育率——自然负增长背景下的生育率影响因素及生育管理研究

在初步实现低生育率水平以后,生育管理的重心应从降低生育率转变为实现稳定的低生育率.生育管理应从严格的数量管理向灵活弹性的结构性调整转变,实现生育率的动态稳定和人口结构的优化调整;应从直接管理生育行为转变为为稳定低生育率构造良好社会经济环境;应从计划行政管理为主和政府独家唱戏向增强市场调节和实现社会治理转变.