Migration in the Baltic Sea Region in the Context of Demographic Change

Due to increasing life expectancies and low birth rates, the population will shrink, and its average age will increase in most of the regions in the Baltic Sea area during the next decades. Especially in the Baltic states, population decline is intensified by emigration of people. There are plenty of factors stimulating emigration from the eastern part of the Baltic Sea Region to Western countries, especially wage disparities and differing opportunities for finding a job in knowledge-intensive sectors. However, it can be expected that in the course of economic convergence, wage gaps and structural disparities will shrink in the Baltic Sea area. Nevertheless, this will take a longer time, making it necessary for countries to think about policy options suitable for reducing emigration. Among these, reinforcing structural change and improving overall living conditions are at the top of the agenda.     

Transport and Logistics Developments in the Baltic Sea Region until 2025

The aim of this article is to chart likely futures of transport and logistics in the Baltic Sea Region in 2025. The research draws on a Delphi study data collection process, which included an international panel of experts. Several sector-related factors are identified that affect competitiveness of the region by 2025 from transport and logistics perspective: fuel and operational efficiencies, technology diffusion, labor productivity, low-cost country subcontracting, under-capacity in road and rail infrastructure, blue-collar labor scarcity, and sector regulation. Competitiveness oriented policy recommendations are presented accordingly.     

Introduction

SUMMARY

Since the beginning of the transition from centrally planned to market economy, the FDI outflows of the Russian Federation have consistently exceeded the inflows. In the 1990s, most of the outflows were of an informal nature, and unregistered in the balance of payments, or misregistered under other items. Since 2003, their recording has improved. However, the question remains: how can a lower-middle income country become a net capital exporter? It is supposed to be the combined result of economic and political factors such as the economic and business environment, still deemed to be difficult. The fact that the ‘oligarchy’ created under the presidency of Boris Yeltsin (1991-1999) continues to control large parts of the privatized natural resources of the country also stimulated capital exporting behavior. With the political changes currently taking place, only a limited increase in the influence of the State is expected to happen. Moreover, the strategic interest of Russian firms to control their vertical value chains through outward FDI is expected to remain in the longer term.     

LPG储罐库存量的准确计算

本文所开发的“液化石油气消耗管理系统” ,可根据储罐内LPG组分、温度、压力的变化 ,分别对其气、液相质量进行校正。该系统通过计算机专用程序还可实现对储罐LPG库存量的准确计算、参数查询及统计报表打印 ,解决了因储罐内LPG组分、温度、压力的改变而导致的消耗量统计误差 ,及计量仪表低流量时偏差大的问题 ,对提高企业科学管理水平有一定帮助。     

俄罗斯天然气何时进入中国

2013年,经历多年的中俄天然气谈判取得重大进展,双方已就俄罗斯从东线向中国供气达成协议,年底有望签署最终的买卖合同,其中将包含双方争议最大的天然气定价内容。俄罗斯天然气进入中国是当前国际能源局势等多种原因促成的,是两国重要的战略选择,有利于维护两国和地区的能源安全,实现互利共赢。     

能源结构优化是最根本的改革

本文提出了我国能源结构优化的迫切性及方向     

石油、天然气资源的生物技术利用

本文重点论述了现代生物技术应用于石油化工领域的发展现状及发展趋势，指出利用生物技术深度开发石油、天然气资源将极大地推动石油化工工业的发展，石油、天然气资源的生物技术利用是新世纪生物技术重点开发方向。     

Energy Information Administration Provides Extensive Data on Petroleum Supply and Demand Conditions

A look at the Energy Information Agency and the statistics it provides. JEL Classification C81,C82,Q4     

天然气路线合成乙二醇技术进展

综述了天然气路线合成乙二醇(EG)的方法,包括合成气直接和间接合成法、甲醇法、甲醛法等,并对这些方法的工艺特点进行了评述.     

我国加工贸易区域协调发展的对策研究

我国加工贸易经过三十多年的发展,东部、中部、西部在加工贸易量、对经济的带动作用、增值率方面差异明显。从外商直接投资因素、区位因素、成本因素、国家政策因素四方面分析了加工贸易发展差异明显的原因,进而提出应根据东中西部地区的相对优势,协调加工贸易区域发展的战略定位,建立产品内分工的区域协作关系,发挥我国资源的整体优势,制定东中西部有差别的外商投资产业指导目录、加工贸易产业发展目录和出口退税政策,在中西部建立具有复合功能的加工贸易园区,深化广东省产业转移工业园和内地出口加工区的合作。     

提高天然气集气处理站轻烃收率的措施

通过对雅克拉集气处理站260×104 Nm3/d轻烃回收装置的现状分析,研究了影响该装置轻烃收率的因素以及提高轻烃收率的对策.为提高装置的产品收率,在装置陆续投运后,通过解决越站分离器压力调节阀内漏、启运稳定气压缩机,避免凝析油闪蒸气放空以及提高膨胀机的膨胀比这些措施使收率提高到95%左右,达到并超过了设计值.     

中俄天然气合作博弈分析

中俄两国在能源领域的合作受到全球越来越多的关注，中俄能源合作有着广阔的前景，但目前还存在一些具体的问题，石油管线的修建一波三折，天然气合作仍处在初级阶段。针对两国在天然气合作过程中出现的现象和问题，本文将运用博弈论思想做出具体的分析。     

欧盟天然气市场一体化分析

20世纪80年代以来,欧盟内部统一大市场建设取得了巨大的进展,但在欧盟能源市场的自由化和一体化方面却收效甚微。近年来,随着能源重要性的不断加强,欧盟将天然气市场作为内部统一市场新一轮的发展重点。文章运用协整检验方法对欧盟天然气市场一体化进行了实证分析,认为目前欧盟天然气市场一体化程度仍然较低、成员国市场分割严重。     

商业化的丙烯制备技术

近年来,丙烯的需求增长率高于乙烯,预计中远期全世界范围内将出现丙烯供应短缺,在这种情况下,人们更加关注除乙烯裂解或FCC副产丙烯以外的丙烯制备新技术.本文着重介绍可以进行规模生产的商业化的各种丙烯制备技术.