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1.
    
Based on the suggested five-pillar institutional framework, the study empirically investigates the impact of the institutional environment on internationalization aspirations of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies and maps their strategic responses against imposed institutional pressures. The data collected across five forest cluster SMEs in Saint Petersburg and Moscow are analyzed. Political instability, corruption, bounded cognition, over-patriotism, and high power distance act as the main constraints, while demands for new knowledge and funding are identified as the main drivers for internationalization. The classified institutional challenges are mapped against the possible strategic responses of the SMEs, such as acquiescence, compromise, avoidance, defiance, and manipulation.  相似文献   

2.
中小企业在总量上占我国GDP、劳动就业、财政税收、技术创新等方面50%及以上比重,它们对中国经济的稳定和转型升级非常重要。中小企业的诞生和发展与国内法律政策环境的变化息息相关。通过国家和地方层面环境因素与江苏私营企业发展的相关性分析,比较金融危机前后法律政策环境对私营企业发展规模和盈利能力的影响情况,可以看出法律政策环境的变化在金融危机爆发后确实对江苏中小企业发展起到了一定的影响作用。尤其是国家层面,对协助中小企业摆脱危机导致的进出口负面影响卓有成效,但企业自身盈利能力和自主发展能力无法依赖法律政策环境,需从企业自身寻找出路。本文的创新点在于,阐述政策环境对企业发展具有有限作用,它与企业的盈利能力和自主发展能力相辅相成。  相似文献   

3.
Research on financial constraints of very small firms is scarce because it is difficult to observe and measure their transactions. Previous studies on small enterprises in post-communist countries have focused either on the effect of financing constraints on business growth (Budina et al., 2000, Economics of Transition 8(2), 453–475; Bratkowski et al., 2000, Economics of Transition 8(1), 101–116) or on the effect of property rights (Johnson et al., 2002, American Economic Review 92(5), 1335–1357). This paper provides evidence on both. It turns out that financing constraints and property rights considerations affects investment in firms of different age differently. Younger firms face higher information costs and their expansion is more dependent on the availability of internal funds than is the expansion of older firms. This paper also finds that while the financial sector did not channel funds to the most successful businesses, there is evidence that loans were given to firms that had more transparent transactions. Results also indicate that the security of property rights does not influence investment in young firms, which is interpreted to mean that only the most efficient entrepreneurs entered the market. In older small firms, investment is negatively influenced by the index of security of property rights suggesting that these firms might have “secured” their property rights by bribes. Improvements in the security of property rights, therefore, would help more micro enterprises to be born as well as decrease transaction cost of established enterprises.   相似文献   

4.
近代中国商会的制度分析   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
严建苗  刘伟峰 《商业研究》2002,7(16):140-143
清末民初 ,商会应“商战”之需产生 ,对当时的经济发展起到了巨大的促进作用。商会是制度环境变化的结果 ,是制度移植的结果 ,是强制性制度变迁的结果。近代中国的商会本质是“官督商办”的民间团体。商会的存在降低交易费用 ,改善外部环境 ,为合作创造条件 ,降低政府提供关于工商政策方面制度安排的成本。  相似文献   

5.
    
ABSTRACT

In line with Institutional Theory, this study introduces the concept of marketing illegitimacy to critically investigate how SME owner/managers perceive the usefulness of marketing principles and practices. The study also investigates the antecedents and consequences of these perceptions. Firstly, the study hypothesizes that negative perceptions about marketing decrease when negative performance increases, entrepreneurs look for any possible solution to achieve their goals. Secondly, the study hypothesizes that a high level of marketing illegitimacy negatively influences SME owner/managers’ willingness to broaden the range of marketing communication activities. Building upon a sample of 78 companies, results confirm the validity and reliability of the measurement instrument and the two hypothesis, thus shedding some light on the underlining mechanisms of the marketing adoption pattern within SMEs. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings are discussed and future research avenues are suggested.  相似文献   

6.
俄罗斯投资环境所具有的优势就是其丰富的自然资源、低廉劳动力和燃料、原料以及相当便利交通条件和比较完善的基础设施。对于以往存在的一些问题,俄罗斯政府已经开始采取相应的措施对其进行治理,其政治环境、法律体系的已经得到了有效的改善,人民生活水平也得到了进一步提高,总体上看,投资环境已经得到了有效的改善,已经被广大外国投资商看成是一片新的投资沃土,相信越来越多的外国投资商回到俄罗斯进行不断投资。  相似文献   

7.
基于SEM的我国中小企业外部环境评价体系研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在总结前人已有研究成果的基础上构建了我国中小企业外部生存环境二阶因子模型,利用问卷调查资料,运用结构方程模型,对我国中小企业外部环境进行实证研究,结果表明企业外部环境结构得到了数据支持,各项指标拟合良好。通过二阶验证性因子分析计算各个指标权重并得出我国部分城市和东中西部地区的外部环境得分和排名,这对揭示我国不同发达区域企业外部生存发展环境的深层机理,为政府决策提供参考依据具有指导意义。  相似文献   

8.
通过关税的不断减让,中国-东盟区域经济一体化取得了快速发展,但是伴随关税的持续降低,其对贸易的促进作用终究有限。后自贸区时代实现中国-东盟区域经济的深度一体化需要寻求新的突破口。基于一国制度环境及国家间的制度距离会对贸易成本尤其是交易成本产生影响的理论分析,以2002~2009年中国-东盟七国双边贸易的面板数据进行了实证检验。结果表明,制度环境及双边国家间的制度距离对中国-东盟七国间的贸易的确具有显著影响。当前各国间较大的商务制度环境差异意味着后自贸区时代通过加强国家间的双边合作和政策协调,以及自身市场化改革、转型,通过缩小国家间的制度距离进而促进区域经济向深度一体化迈进具有较大的空间。  相似文献   

9.
目前的中国正处于转轨时期,民营企业政治关联普遍存在。本文基于制度理论视角,在评述现有关于政治关联的研究前提下,分析了民营企业政治关联的产生根源和作用机理,认为民营企业政治关联作为一种非正式制度是适应当前制度环境的行为选择,也是通过合法性机制获得企业的经济利益和政治利益,从而促进企业成长。  相似文献   

10.
近年来,俄罗斯政治形势比较稳定,经济持续增长,吸引外国直接投资额迅速增长,同时是世界上吸引外国直接投资额增幅最大的国家之一。尽管还存在外国直接投资在外资总额和国内生产总值中比例不大、行业和地区分布不尽合理、投资环境也有待于进一步改善等问题,但是俄罗斯将成为外国直接投资热点之一已是不争的事实。  相似文献   

11.
    
Qilin Mao  Jiayun Xu 《The World Economy》2019,42(12):3537-3568
This paper investigates the effects of input trade liberalisation on firm markups and assesses how institutional environment affects such impacts by using Chinese firm‐level data. To identify the causal effects, we exploit the quasi‐natural experiment of China's WTO accession in 2001 and perform difference‐in‐differences estimation. The results show that input tariff liberalisation leads to a substantial increase in firm markups, and institutional environment significantly strengthens such an impact. We further uncover the underlying mechanisms through which input tariff liberalisation boosts firm markups, and show that both price and cost channels work for the input tariff cut effect on firm markups, of which the latter is much more important. In addition, we also demonstrate that input tariff cut significantly fosters aggregate markup growth, and the reallocation effect is found to be an important channel through which input tariff liberalisation boosts aggregate markup growth.  相似文献   

12.
周昌仕 《商业研究》2003,(18):85-87
国有企业资本结构重整是一项正式的制度安排,必然具备良好的社会制度环境。因此。应该对现行制度进行整理、创新,以使国有企业资本结构重整顺利进行。针对资本市场、产权交易市场、国有资产管理体制、社会信用制度等制度上存在的一些问题,必须提出一些改进建议并制定相应的措施。  相似文献   

13.
资本回报率高低决定资本流向。本文在严格采用永续盘存法估算出中国省际资本存量后,运用边际资本产出来测算省际资本回报率并分析其地区差距。测算结果表明:1993~2007年中国中部与东部地区的资本回报率差距在缩小,而西部与东部地区的资本回报率差距在进一步扩大,中国目前还不存在明显的资本边际报酬递减趋势。投资环境差异是形成地区间资本回报率差距的制度原因,中西部地区引资竞争的关键是改善地区制度环境。  相似文献   

14.
公司慈善捐赠驱动因素的研究已有很多成果,但从制度环境和产权性质角度进行研究的很少。本文以沪深A股上市公司为样本,系统考察了制度环境、产权性质对公司慈善捐赠的影响。研究证实,中国各地区制度环境差异显著影响公司慈善捐赠,制度环境的改善促进了企业捐赠水平的提高,且这种正向影响在非国有控股企业表现更为明显。非国有控股企业捐赠水平高于国有控股企业,且在国有控股企业中,地方政府控股国有企业捐赠水平高于中央政府控股企业。这些结论对理解制度环境在促进企业捐赠中的作用,认识中国不同产权性质企业慈善行动的深层含义具有一定的启示意义。  相似文献   

15.
    
Abstract

It has become increasingly important for small to medium sized enterprise (SME) retailers to stand out in the current marketplace. Branding in SMEs is a growing area of academic interest, although the majority of studies have been based in the manufacturing sector. This study seeks to develop a framework of the characteristics, processes and dynamics of SME retailers. A qualitative research study was carried out with SME owner managers (OMs) over a period of 15 months. The findings extend the understanding of branding in SMEs in a number of ways. Firstly, it is found that SME retailers take a cautious approach to brand management, seeking to build loyalty, networks and relationships. Secondly, the holistic nature of SME retail branding presents a challenge to OMs who are resource-constrained. Thirdly, the soft, colloquial and intuitive approaches to brand equity appraisal are evident. Brand marketing is focused on word of mouth, which has implications for how OMs operationalise the brand around store experiences. Finally, the influence of the OM on branding decisions is clear. The key findings are discussed in relation to the retail context of the study, the centricity of the OMs in SME branding and entrepreneurial brand management.  相似文献   

16.
面对西方发达国家掀起的愈演愈烈的银行业购并浪潮 ,如何加快我国金融体制改革 ,提高商业银行的竞争力 ,积极应战入世后来自外资银行的激烈竞争 ,已成为一个不可回避且迫切需要研究的课题。所以有必要了解国际银行业购并浪潮及其特征 ,分析一下中国银行业购并的必要性 ,这样 ,中国银行购并才能有一个宽松的政策环境  相似文献   

17.
近年来,担保圈现象成为影响公司稳健运行和区域经济发展的一大问题,本文研究了担保圈问题的形成机理。结果发现,晋升激励越大、金融市场化水平越低,企业加入担保圈的可能性越大。控股股东的侵占风险越高,晋升激励和金融市场化水平影响担保圈形成的作用更强。晋升激励主要影响国企加入担保圈的行为,而金融市场化水平主要影响非国有企业加入担保圈的行为。本文揭示了担保圈的形成机理,对于新常态下通过深化改革、完善治理提升信贷资源配置效率具有一定的启示。  相似文献   

18.
戴志敏  胡剑 《商业研究》2003,11(20):96-98
QFII制度如果能顺利实施 ,对中国资本市场的逐步开放和发展是有利的。但目前中国资本市场的制度性缺陷却对QFII制度的顺利实施构成了障碍。必须从改善资本市场制度和促进法制建设入手营造一个良好的投资环境 ,才能为QFII制度的顺利实施奠定一个坚实的基础。  相似文献   

19.
肖成民 《财经论丛》2012,3(3):105-110
本文以班纳德孙-范氏模型为基础,通过对国美电器从“家族经营-家族所有权”到“家族经营-所有权分散”,再到“职业经营-所有权分散”的治理结构变迁过程的分析,揭示了微观层面的最佳治理结构选择是由宏观层面的制度环境因素决定的,即公司治理结构会随着制度环境的变化而变化.  相似文献   

20.
    
ABSTRACT

Researchers have documented whether and how companies use advertising disclaimers in regulated markets. We complement the extant work by analysing a sample of 449 online toy advertisements targeting children in Brazil, a largely unregulated market. Results show that multinational corporations are more likely to include disclaimers in their online ads than local Brazilian companies. Further analyses reveal, however, that advertising disclaimers used by multinational subsidiaries have more distractors that reduce viewer comprehension. Our research contributes to the fields of advertising and institutional theory by being the first to document whether and how multinational subsidiaries use disclaimers in online ads targeting an unregulated market.  相似文献   

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