Selecting a unique competitive equilibrium with default penalties

The enlargement of the general-equilibrium structure to allow for default subject to penalties results in a construction of a simple mechanism for selecting a unique competitive equilibrium. We consider economies for which a common credit money can be applied to uniquely select each of the competitive equilibria with suitable default penalties. We identify two classes of such economies.     

Selecting a variety of futures for scenario development

Systematic development of future scenarios involves identifying key factors and their different possible values, then selecting combinations of factor values on which to build scenarios. This article recapitulates basic methods of reducing the number of possible combinations of factor values by removing futures containing incompatible factor value pairs, then uses probability and cross-impact measures to further eliminate improbable futures. Working with the remaining plausible futures, the aim is to select a small number of them for scenario development in such a way that there is a balance between the factor values explored. The motivation is to explore possible futures while avoiding unintentional bias by over-representing some factor values and neglecting others. The tool used is a mathematical formulation that is easily solved as an integer linear program. The process is illustrated with a small example.     

案例研究的5种范式及其选择

近年来兴起的混合研究法为案例研究者提供了新思路,案例研究也因此拥有了更多可供选择的研究范式。现有研究尚未梳理这些范式,也未找出其来源,更不可能告诉案例研究者如何选用这些范式。系统梳理案例研究相关文献,以方法论属性与资料搜集方式为依据,划分得到文献计量、文献荟萃分析、实地观察与访谈、问卷调查、混合研究5种案例研究范式。随后,归纳得到每种范式的12个研究步骤及各种范式之间的内在关联。最后,从案例研究者出发,归纳了案例研究选择过程。主张从案例研究者出发,通过匹配案例研究范式与限制性因素以及评价研究结果并通过反馈环节来改进案例研究选择过程。解决了案例研究者可以选择哪些研究范式以及如何选择的问题,为案例研究者选用规范、科学与适合自身的研究范式提供了一定的借鉴。     

Immigration Policy and Self‐Selecting Migrants

I build a simple model of self‐selection into migration and immigration policy determination. I first show that the effect of any immigration policy can be decomposed into a size and a composition effect. I then explore how the optimal policy may change once the latter effect is considered.     

Selecting equilibria in common agency games

We characterize equilibrium payoffs of a delegated common agency game in a public good context where principals use smooth contribution schedules. We prove that under complete information, payoff vectors of equilibria with truthful schedules coincide with the set of smooth equilibrium payoffs, including non-truthful schedules. We next consider whether the presence of arbitrarily small amounts of asymmetric information is enough to refine this payoff set. Providing that the extensions of the equilibrium schedules beyond the equilibrium point are flatter than truthful schedules, the set of equilibrium payoffs is strictly smaller than the set of smooth (equivalently, truthful) equilibrium payoffs. Interestingly, some forms of asymmetric information do not sufficiently constrain the slopes of the extensions and fail to refine the payoff set. In the case of a uniform distribution of types and arbitrary out-of-equilibrium contributions, the refinement has no bite. If, however, one restricts out-of-equilibrium behavior in a natural way, the refinement is effective. Alternatively, we may consider an exponential distribution with unbounded support (and hence no out-of-equilibrium choices) and we find that the refinement selects a unique equilibrium payoff vector equal to Lindahl prices.As a separate contribution, equilibria with forcing contracts are also considered both under complete and asymmetric information.     

论政府规制机构形式的选择

政府属性的“公利性”或“自利性”影响规制目标的完成以及规制机构的选择。事实上，政府具有“公利性”的本质属性和“自利性”的从属属性的双重属性，因此，要坚持规制目标的公共利益并选择能更好实现这一目标的规制机构。根据我国政府规制改革的模式、规制机构的现状和规制目标的设定，本文提出我国规制机构的设置应由目前政府与监管合一的形式向独立规制机构的形式过渡，并在这个过程中建立准独立的规制机构。     

第三方逆向物流企业选评研究

由于环境保护和立法以及企业经营等方面的因素,逆向物流正成为一个热点研究领域。在逆向物流合作管理过程中,一个重要决策就是合作伙伴的选择。通过对逆向物流本身特点的研究,综合考虑经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,构建了逆向物流合作伙伴选择的绿色评价指标体系。通过设计评价指标体系和组合评价方法,解决了企业如何评价、选择第三方逆向物流服务供应商的问题。     

要素禀赋、地方工业行业发展与行业选择

本文利用中国省际层面和行业层面的26种投入要素,使用机器学习方法揭示地方工业行业的非充分发展和受要素约束状态,进而基于各地区要素禀赋特征揭示各地区代表性工业行业的选择和发展路径。研究发现:(1)各地区工业行业发展具有明显的地区差异性。东部省份有较多的充分发展行业和要素约束行业,东北三省和中西部地区有较多的非充分发展行业。对于非充分发展的工业行业,其发展路径是提高要素的使用效率或改善要素结构;对于充分发展和要素约束的行业,其发展路径是增加要素投入和改进生产技术。(2)影响不同行业发展的最重要投入要素不尽相同,但整体而言,就业人数、城市工业用地、科技禀赋、物质资本、高速公路里程数是工业行业最重要的投入要素。影响先进制造业最重要的投入要素是就业量、城市工业用地、科技禀赋、物质资本、国内专利申请授权数。(3)不同先进制造业存在不同的要素组合最优区间,各地区应根据自身投入要素处于最优区间的位置而选择优先发展行业和发展路径。广东、江苏、浙江、山东等省份较多的重要投入要素已进入先进制造业的最优组合区间,可以方便地依据本省特征选择发展路径。贵州、云南等西部欠发达地区先进制造业的重要投入要素都远离要素组...     

Promoting nursing as a career choice

Fewer young people are considering nursing as a career. This project was designed to present nursing as a viable career option to middle school students. A questionnaire was administered to six classes of middle school students before and after a presentation on nursing as a career. Results showed the presentation improved student attitudes and perceptions toward nursing as a career. Nurses can use this project as a stepping stone to develop additional programs to interest students in nursing as a career before the students discard the notion altogether.     

西部支柱产业选择与构建的原则

面对西部大开发,如何通过识别和判断能够充任现在或未来西部支柱产业现存或新兴的产业,从而选择和迅速培育出支柱产业是产业经济学的基本原则应用于西部大开发战略成败的关键。这既是挑战又是历史的契机。     

Socioeconomic modeling: Selecting an appropriate strategy

The simulation strategies of econometrics, system dynamics, and cross-impact analysis have been alternately offered to policymakers over the years. The fact that proponents have tended to glorify their own model's merits and devalue the others has led to confusion and difficulties in making an objective, well-guided selection among them. This paper attempts to cut through the jungle of arguments and counterarguments and to reduce them to their essential elements. The paper then demonstrates that each model presents a unique version of a problem and that these versions are not necessarily competitive. Finally, a guide to modeling selection for policymakers is developed.     

产品平台开发项目的选择和规划方法

企业的竞争优势是产品快速响应市场,可以采用产品平台策略来快速满足顾客的差异化需求。产品平台的开发方式包括变型指标设计、关联指标设计、标准化设计、模块化设计和配置设计,因此会产生大量的针对产品平台开发的项目。有的项目涉及到开发方式的一种,而有的项目涉及到开发方式的几种。传统的基于企业能力平衡以及收益分析的项目选择、排序、资源分配模式,已经无法适应快速变化的企业内外部环境。在产品平台开发项目中,企业需要一种新的项目选择和规划方法：既能满足各个项目的资源需求,又能体现公司的战略目标,并且在5年规划期内围绕每年平均预算费用上下波动。     

Building a nursing research fellowship in a community hospital

Often, registered nurses feel that they are using "evidence" to guide practice, but in reality the sources of evidence are not based on research. The nursing leadership team at Northwest Community Hospital was committed to integrating evidence-based practice and nursing research into the clinical setting for RNs at all levels of the organization. The scope of the fellowship program enabled direct care RNs to receive protected release time for a 12-month period to develop a research proposal, implement the study, and disseminate the findings. The Nursing Research Fellowship Program was successful from the perspective of the Magnet appraisers who recognized the program as a Magnet exemplar, the chief executive officer, the CNE, members of the nursing leadership team, professional colleagues, the fellows and partners, and registered nurses at all levels in the organization. Nursing research is now part of the professional nursing culture.