对羟基苯甲酸酯钠盐在调味品中的应用

长期以来，人们普遍认为对羟基苯甲酸酯是一种广谱、高效、安全的防腐剂。但是对羟基苯甲酸类酯的水溶性差，因此其应用范围受到一定的制约。本文所论述的对羟基苯甲酸酯钠盐仍然保持着与其相对应的酯的优良性能，且水溶性好，具有广泛的应用前景。     

酱腌菜中对羟基苯甲酸酯的测定

以水溶液对酱腌菜进行预处理,超声后过滤,并用HPLC法测定处理后的样品溶液中对羟基苯甲酸酯类的含量。方法加标回收率为95.4%-102.3%,6次测定的RSD(n=6)小于3.98%。方法操作方便,分析速度快,结果准确。     

食品中羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂含量的气相色谱法测定

对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂即为一种常用的防腐剂。防腐剂的使用必须按照国家相关的卫生安全标准,不许超剂量、超范围使用。但是,实际生活中,经才会出现对羟基苯甲酸酯类防腐剂的具体添加含量超标的情况。因此,做好对食品防腐剂含量的测定至关重要。     

质检总局:33种食品添加剂被叫停

国家质检总局日前在其网站发公告指出,根据卫生部办公厅《关于〈食品添加剂使用标准〉(GB2760—2011)有关问题的复函》,今后食品添加剂生产企业禁止生产对羟基苯甲酸丙酯等33种食品添加剂产品,企业已生产的这33种食品添加剂产品禁止作为食品添加剂出厂销售,食品生产企业禁止使用。     

能效对标在选矿企业中的应用

贾家堡铁矿建厂时间短,能源管理经验不足,通过能效对标,改进能源使用方式,采用新节能措施,提高企业能源使用效率,为企业发展带来效益.     

糖酯的合成方法及在食品领域中的应用

糖酯(sugarester)是天然活性剂中最具代表性的一类,是糖与脂肪酸发生酯化反应而生成的一类有机化合物的总称,以糖(单糖、二糖、多糖,衍生多元醇)作为亲水基团,脂肪酸作为亲油基团,表现出良好的双亲性,是一种优良的非离子表面活性剂.     

现代高新技术在发酵调味品中的应用

随着人们生活水平的提高,对调味品的质量和风味的要求也在不断提高。高新技术作为一种兴起的加工技术,逐渐被运用到调味品的生产加工中。本文对几种应用于发酵调味品中的现代高新技术进行综述,期望为高新技术在发酵调味品中的未来发展提供参考。     

论对标管理在企业中的应用

中国有句古话:以铜为鉴,可以正衣冠;以史为鉴,可以知兴替;以人为鉴,可以明得失。其实,做企业也是这样。在自己面前树立一面镜子,明得失,找差距,而后才能进步,在管理学中,这种做法叫做对标。它主要是通过收集国内外先进企业的管理标准及指标信息,研究本企业与标杆企业在管理方法上的差距,从而完善本企业的管理平台和指标体系,并达到持续改进的目的。     

近红外光谱分析技术在调味品中的应用

运用北京第二光学仪器厂生产的WQF－400N型FT－NIR光谱仪和定量分析软件对调味品行业中最常见的醋和酱油的近红外光谱进行扫描和分析，并结合近红外光谱仪在其他诸多行业中的应用现状，探讨它在调呸品领域内应用的特点及前景。     

近红外光谱分析技术在调味品中的应用

运用北京第二光学仪器厂生产的WQF-400N型FT-NIR光谱仪和定量分析软件对调味品行业中最常见的醋和酱油的近红外光谱进行扫描和分析,并结合近红外光谱仪在其他诸多行业中的应用现状,探讨它在调味品领域内应用的特点及前景.     

Exploring differences between central located test and home use test in a living lab context

The concept of Living Labs (LLs) has evolved to support the creation of experience‐based development of innovations in real‐life, user‐driven and open environments. Two types of consumer product tests used generally are central location tests (CLT) and home use tests (HUT) where the acceptability or liking of a product or group of products is determined together with the view of whether one product is preferred over other products. This article explores the similarities and differences between CLT and HUT test results in a LL context. In both settings, the acceptance of five flavoured chocolate bars was evaluated for appearance, odour, taste/flavour, texture and overall liking. Apart from the mean values of liking in the two tests, data were analysed to identify consumer segments. Qualitative data were also collected by asking for consumer comments on the tested samples. The results show that independent of test method the bars were evaluated equally and all accepted by the consumers. A clear difference between CLT and HUT testing was that CLT consumers significantly differed from the HUT consumers, giving the test samples lower scores. For example, the mean values of the overall acceptance scores given by HUT consumers varied between 6.0 and 6.6, while for CLT consumers the corresponding values varied from 5.4 to 5.9. Another difference was the number of comments from consumers. CLT consumers richly commented on the products in a verbose way, while HUT consumers used the opportunity to comment very sparingly. Considering the cluster analysis as yet another difference between the testing methods, clusters from the CLT were more distinct and the number was higher with five clusters in CLT and four in HUT. Clusters where consumers liked all the products in both test settings were twice as many for HUT than in CLT. Applying the LL approach, there is a need for methods and approaches that capture a rich picture of consumers during test performance without being intrusive or obstructive of activities and context. The approach offers the opportunity for companies to have consumers not only test products but also offer input that can stimulate new innovations and give consumers more power and influence.     

造简单易开的汽车

"宝玛7系列"汽车的研发人员认为,仪表盘上安装太多的键钮并不是件好事.中国人喜欢豪华和新奇,"宝马7系列"汽车恰恰可以满足他们这种愿望.宝马公司销售经理麦克尔·甘乃尔博士说,"'宝马7系列'的车型就象以往生产的那些系列轿车一样,可以满足世界各类市场的需求."     

Language influence in responses to questionnaires by bilingual respondents: A test of the Whorfian hypothesis

This paper examines how sub-cultural respondents differ in their perceptions and answers to questionnaire items tapping their acculturation and ethnic identity. A related objective is to examine how bilingual respondents exposed to an instrument in the source language perceive it compared to subjects exposed to the instrument in their native language. Prior studies find that respondents can answer differently according to the language of the questionnaire. The framework is based on the Whorfian hypothesis and the Revised Hierarchical Model. About 500 questionnaires are collected from Greek-Canadians residing in Eastern Canada. Findings indicate the presence of several non-invariant factor loadings and covariances, indicating that caution should be exercised when carrying out ethnic identity studies with respondents who are given the choice of the language of the questionnaire. Research on how differences between languages affect consumer information processing and cognitions can shed light on a new form of response style in cross-cultural research.     

A large-scale test of the biorhythm-shoplifting connection hypothesis

The impact of shoplifting on retailers and on the public in general is significant. Stores lose revenue, local governments lose tax monies, and the public pays higher prices at the checkout counter, all because of the actions of individuals who shoplift. Because a large percentage of shoplifting is due to the actions of retail employees, an effort that would reduce losses due to employee theft could have a significant impact on the problem. Biorhythmic charting was hypothesized as providing a potential avenue through which the problem could be addressed. This study provides a large-scale test of the relationship between biorhythm criticality and shoplifting. A managerially useful relationship was not discerned. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A new use of importance sampling to reduce computational burden in simulation estimation

Simulation estimators (Lerman and Manski 1981; McFadden, Econometrica 57(5):995–1026, 1989; Pakes and Pollard, Econometrica 57:1027–1057, 1989) have been of great use to applied economists and marketers. They are simple and relatively easy to use, even for very complicated empirical models. That said, they can be computationally demanding, since these complicated models often need to be solved numerically, and these models need to be solved many times within an estimation procedure. This paper suggests methods that combine importance sampling techniques with changes-of-variables to address this caveat. These methods can dramatically reduce the number of times a particular model needs to be solved in an estimation procedure, significantly decreasing computational burden. The methods have other advantages as well, e.g. they can smooth otherwise non-smooth objective functions and can allow one to compute derivatives analytically. There are also caveats—if one is not careful, they can magnify simulation error. We illustrate with examples and a small Monte-Carlo study.     

浅析东北利用外资突破途径——引进跨国公司

东北是中国重要的老工业基地，在石油化工、动力设备、造船、机床等重大装备制造业方面具有举足轻重的地位，同时又是大型国有企业集中的省份。改革开放以来，东北在对外开放和利用外资方面取得了一些成果，但与自身地位和东部沿海省市相比仍有一定差距。应借东北振兴之风，突破制约外商投资的政策环境因素，扩大吸引外资力度，引进跨国公司，使东北利用外资能够上一个新台阶。     

Antecedents of intention to use chatbots in service encounters: A meta-analytic review

The trend of using artificial intelligence based chatbots for service encounters has seen a significant spike in recent times. Many studies have attempted to explain the adoption of the technology for various service applications; this study synthesizes the literature through a meta-analysis, for which data from 70 independent studies, with a combined sample size of 20,026 was considered, to understand the influencers of the attitude and intention to use chatbots for service encounters. In addition, this study also sought to understand the moderating role of the culture, the technological characteristics captured through the variables transactional/non-transactional, and informative/entertaining of the hypothesized relationships. Meta structural equation modelling (meta-analytic SEM) was used to analyse the data. The results indicate playfulness, attitude, usefulness, facilitating condition and social influence of the chatbots are the key factors in influencing user adoption. Further, technological characteristics and culture were found to significantly moderate certain relationships in the model. Practical and theoretical implications have also been discussed.