论真实盈余管理的手段及其防范措施

盈余管理行为在中外公司中普遍存在.从盈余管理的实施手段看,可将盈余管理分为披露管理和真实盈余管理两类,其中,真实盈余管理是通过安排真实交易进行的盈余管理.本文主要分析了真实盈余管理的手段,并提出了相应的防范措施.     

HR公司研发投入与盈余管理

盈余管理常用的手段有应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理。这两种手段的实现方法并不一样。真实盈余管理是通过从企业正常活动出发改变企业真实交易决策,从而进行盈余管理。应计盈余管理是通过会计手段进行盈余管理。在我国,医药制造业是最常见使用会计手段进行盈余管理的企业,所以,以HR公司医药为例,对企业的盈余管理及研发投入会计政策的选择进行研究,对企业有关财务指标进行汇总及计算,从而分析得出HR公司改变会计政策的原因及盈余管理动机,并得出相关结论。     

公司盈余压力与供应链真实盈余管理

随着资本市场投资者与监管者对公司应计盈余管理识别与监管的增强,隐蔽性更高的真实盈余管理逐渐成为公司操纵盈余的主要手段,如何充分识别公司真实盈余管理行为成为实务界与学术界关注的重要问题.文章研究发现,盈余压力会使公司通过供应链(供应商和客户)方式进行真实盈余管理,公司的议价能力会强化而高管持股会弱化上述作用,而且供应链真实盈余管理与向上应计盈余管理在盈余压力下具有替代关系.进一步研究发现,公司供应链真实盈余管理不同于内部生产调整的盈余管理方式,实施供应链真实盈余管理可以提高公司达到分析师预测的可能性,但会在之后年度出现"反转".文章检验了公司盈余压力下的供应链真实盈余管理行为及特征,有助于增进外部利益相关者对公司真实盈余管理的理解,提高资本市场的信息传递与资源配置效率.     

我国微利上市公司盈余管理方式研究

基于我国资本市场“微利现象”,以1998-2009年沪深两市A股非金融类上市公司为样本,采用独立样本T检验和多元回归分析方法,研究微利上市公司的盈余管理方式。研究表明：微利上市公司同时存在应计盈余管理和真实活动盈余管理两种方式,并且真实活动盈余管理是微利公司调增利润的主要手段,微利公司的总体真实活动盈余管理程度比非微利公司平均高3％或4．6％,而应计盈余管理程度平均只高1．5％,为我国资本市场真实活动盈余管理的存在性提供了新的经验证据。     

上市公司资产减值准备进化盈余管理的探析

近年来，有关实证会计研究结果表明，我国上市公司存在着大量的盈余管理行为，这严重影响了会计信息的真实可靠性，误导了信息使用者的经济决策。在盈余管理使用的多种手法中，资产减值会计又是目前上市公司通过巨额冲销和收益最大化实施盈余管理的最大法宝。资产减值会计之所以成为上市公司进行盈余管理的最主要手段，主要是由会计准则与会计制度的不完备性、会计本身的模糊性和灵活性、会计信息的不对称性、盈余管理的收益大于成本等原因所造成。     

真实盈余管理动机下R&D削减行为与创新产出——数量、质量与效率

以2007—2017年沪深A股上市公司为样本，基于零盈余、上期盈余和分析师预测盈余对真实盈余管理动机进行刻画识别，检验公司在真实盈余管理动机下削减R&D支出对创新产出的影响。研究发现，与其它动机相比，真实盈余管理动机下的R&D削减会导致未来三期更低的创新产出、创新质量及创新效率。进一步，扩大盈余管理识别范围、使用全样本进行双重差分、替换被解释变量分别检验后，结果依然稳健。     

投资者情绪与盈余管理——基于应计盈余管理与真实盈余管理的实证研究

笔者基于行为财务视角,研究了投资者情绪对公司盈余管理行为的影响,并考察了应计盈余管理与真实盈余管理之间的权衡.结果表明,投资者情绪对公司盈余管理行为具有显著影响,而且管理者会策略性地权衡应计盈余管理与真实盈余管理的使用.在投资者情绪高涨期,公司管理者利用应计盈余管理调增盈余,但随着投资者情绪高涨期的不断延长,管理者利用会计应计调增盈余的行为减弱,而利用真实盈余管理调增盈余的行为增强.在投资者情绪低迷期,初期,管理者不会利用盈余管理向上操纵盈余,但随着投资者情绪低迷期的不断延长,管理者同时运用应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理调增盈余.笔者的研究结论为盈余管理的市场时机理论提供了经验证据.     

上市公司股权结构与真实活动盈余管理

本文分析了中国上市公司股权结构对真实活动盈余管理的影响。以2008年A股上市公司为样本,选取2006—2008年间的相关数据作为估计真实活动盈余管理变量的基础,研究发现:可疑公司运营年度会表现出较低的经营现金流量和较低的可操控性费用,并有调高利润的趋势;公司规模过大容易引发真实活动盈余管理行为;国家股、法人股、高管持股与真实活动盈余管理正相关;流通股与真实活动盈余管理负相关;第一大股东持股比例与真实活动盈余管理成U型关系。     

智能化监管与企业盈余管理选择——基于金税三期的自然实验

企业通常会通过权衡应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理的边际收益和成本来确定盈余管理的方式和水平.金税三期系统以智能化为特征,有效实现了税收信息整合,能够充分发挥强化税收监管的作用,提高企业真实盈余管理的税收成本,但不影响应计盈余管理成本,从而改变企业盈余管理的选择.文章以各地区实施金税三期作为外生事件构造双重差分检验,研究了智能化税收监管对企业盈余管理选择的影响.研究结果表明,金税三期强化了对纳税不遵从企业的监管,增加了企业实施真实盈余管理的税收成本,使得纳税不遵从企业倾向于增加应计盈余管理,而且随着税率的上升,应计盈余管理和真实盈余管理的替代关系增强.文章的研究为理解企业盈余管理行为和制定税收监管政策提供了启示.     

试论上市公司的盈余管理

盈余管理是指公司运用一定的会计方法和手段，为实现自身效益的最大化和公司价值的最大化而做出的会计选择行为。本文从盈余管理的动机入手，探讨上市公司盈余管理的方法和手段。提出了规范盈余管理行为的方法和技巧。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。