广西生物农药发展现状及对策研究

生物农药是指用来防治农业有害生物和卫生害虫的生物活体及其生理活性物质,并可制成商品上市流通的生物源制剂,包括微生物源（细菌、病毒、真菌及其次级代谢产物等）、植物源、动物源和抗病虫草害的转基因植物等。本文主要介绍广西生物农药的发展现状,分析生物农药的发展前景及制约因素,提出相应的发展对策和建议。     

广西生物农药发展现状及对策研究

生物农药是指用来防治农业有害生物和卫生害虫的生物活体及其生理活性物质,并可制成商品上市流通的生物源制剂,包括微生物源(细菌、病毒、真菌及其次级代谢产物等)、植物源、动物源和抗病虫草害的转基因植物等。本文主要介绍广西生物农药的发展现状,分析生物农药的发展前景及制约因素,提出相应的发展对策和建议。     

科技与生活

生物农药 生物农药因副作用小、对环境兼容性好,日益成为全球农药产业发展的新趋势。 据农业部农药检定所有关专家介绍,从广义来说,生物农药是指直接利用生物产生的生物活性物质或生物活体作为农药,以及人工合成的与天然化合物结构相同的农药,这种农药也叫生物源农药。而更为确切的定义,是经农业部批准的《农药登记资料要求》中关于生物农药的定义,它包括微生物农药、生物化学农药、转基因生物农药和天敌生物农药。     

我国生物农药大有市场

生物农药是指利用生物资源开发的农药。根据其来源大致可分为植物农药、微生物农药和抗生素等。由于生物农药具有对人畜的毒性较小、不污染环境以及病虫害不易产生抗药性等优点而日益受到人们的青睐。目前，生物农药已成为一类重要的农药，对促进农业生产发展、维护生态环境起到了重要作用。但生物农药在研究、开发、生产和应用上还存在一些突出问题：一是研究开发与生产脱节，科研成果不能成为转化为生产力，造成我国生物农药发展不能进入正常的轨道。二是由于许多生物农药的有效成分为活体微生物，而其产品制剂化技术要求高，加上我国生物…     

肥料、农药、饲料三合一生物工程

1主要技术内容 为了适应中国加入"WTO"后农产品在国际市场上竞争的需要,国内一企业已经成功地研制开发出了生物肥料(包括生物复合肥料、生物有机复合肥料)、生物农药(包括微生物农药、植物农药)、生物饲料(包括生物饲料添加剂)等系列农业生物制品,为发展绿色食品(生态食品、有机食品)的绿色产业链提供了可靠保证.该企业推出的"绿色产业链--综合生物工程"生产方式,即"绿色食品(生态食品、有机食品)=良种良田→作物生长用生物肥料、防病治虫用生物农药、农副产品发展养殖业用生物饲料(畜禽粪便回收再生产生物有机复合肥料)→绿色食品(生态食品、有机食品)→跨出国门、走向世界.     

肥料、农药、饲料三合一生物工程

为了适应中国加入“WTO”后农产品在国际市场上竞争的需要，国内一企业已经成功地研制开发出了生物肥料(包括生物复合肥料、生物有机复合肥料)、生物农药(包括微生物农药、植物农药)、生物饲料(包括生物饲料添加剂)等系列农业生物制品，为发展绿色食品(生态食品、有机食品)的绿色产业链提供了可     

谈谈水在植物生命活动中的作用及在植物体内的运输

水是生命之源,一切生物活动都离不开水.植物是人类赖以生存的生态基石,水则犹如植物的血液.探讨水在植物生命活动中的作用及其在植物体内的运输,是一件有意义的事情.     

我国生物农药将迎来快速发展期

生物农药是指来源于生物并可对特定的害虫具有控制特效,且对公众安全性极高的农药。由于21世纪环保意识的强化,化学农药的负面作用日益受到人们的重视,高效、安全、经济、使用方便及与环境相容的生物农药因此成为农药产品的发展方向。生物农药的开发投资相对较少、周期较短,在使用成本上目前已与化学农药接近,具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益。     

我国生物农药将迎来快速发展期

生物农药是指来源于生物并可对特定的害虫具有控制特效,且对公众安全性极高的农药.由于21世纪环保意识的强化,化学农药的负面作用日益受到人们的重视,高效、安全、经济、使用方便及与环境相容的生物农药因此成为农药产品的发展方向.生物农药的开发投资相对较少、周期较短,在使用成本上目前已与化学农药接近,具有巨大的经济效益和社会效益.     

生物农药在我国农业可持续发展中的应用

本文概述了生物农药及其在农业可持续发展中的作用,举例说明了几种常用生物农药和新型生物农药在我国农业可持续发展中的应用,在分析生物农药在推广应用中存在的问题的基础上,提出了相应的宣传和研发工作建议。     

浅谈森林病虫害的特点和预防措施

依据我国森林病虫害的发生特点分析造成我国森林病虫害日趋严重的原因,简要介绍我国森林病虫害的预防措施以及有效的生物治理措施。     

核桃举肢蛾发生与防治技术的探讨

核桃举肢蛾是专食核桃青果的害虫。此虫在丹凤县发生1—2代,以老熟幼虫在核桃树冠下1～2cm深的表土层中结茧越冬。其发生轻重与核桃生境条件、降水量等有关。文章主要提出了以树盘垦复为基础、树冠喷药为应急手段、生物防治为辅助措施的综合防治办法。     

Non-Parametric Production Analysis of Pesticides Use in the Netherlands

Many previous empirical studies on the productivity of pesticides suggest that pesticides are under-utilized in agriculture despite the general held believe that these inputs are substantially over-utilized. This paper uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate non-parametric measures of the value of the marginal product of pesticides. Furthermore, the effect of pesticides on the value of the marginal product of productive inputs is investigated in order to analyze technical interdependence between pesticides and productive inputs. Results suggest, in general, substantial under-utilization of pesticides, which is consistent with earlier findings of parametric specifications.     

浅谈计算机在森林病虫害预测预报中的应用——以马尔可夫预测模型为例

提高病虫预测预报的准确性和时效性,对森林资源的保护和生态环境的建设具有重大的意义,将计算机应用在森林病虫害预测预报中,对于我国林业发展起着重要作用。本文主要介绍了通过计算机在森林病虫害预测预报中的应用,通过马尔科夫模型,实现了病虫害的预测预报。提高病虫预测预报的准确性和时效性,对森林资源的保护和生态环境的建设具有重大的意义。     

Managing dynamic epidemiological risks through trade

There is growing concern that trade, by connecting geographically isolated regions, unintentionally facilitates the spread of invasive pathogens and pests – forms of biological pollution that pose significant risks to ecosystem and human health. We use a bioeconomic framework to examine whether trade always increases private risks, focusing specifically on pathogen risks from live animal trade. When the pathogens have already established and traders bear some private risk, we find two results that run counter to the conventional wisdom on trade. First, uncertainty about the disease status of individual animals held in inventory may increase the incentives to trade relative to the disease-free case. Second, trade may facilitate reduced long-run disease prevalence among buyers. These results arise because disease risks are endogenous due to dynamic feedback processes involving valuable inventories, and markets facilitate the management of private risks that producers face with or without trade.     

The changing focus of microarray analysis

In the biological sciences, the advent of microarray technology changed the way experiments were performed. Microarrays were the first mainstream high-throughput technology, generating enormous amounts of data for both the biologist and the statistician to understand. Here, I follow my own experience in microarray analysis, starting during my time at EURANDOM with experimental design and continuing today in my present position at the Netherlands Cancer Institute where the exploitation of data from many different sources is hoped will give greater insight into different aspects of cancer.     

银川市湿地现状与保护

湿地不仅是生物多样性的载体,具有重要的环境调节功能,在抵御洪涝、改变径流时空分布、涵养水源、保持水土、降解污染等方面具有其它系统不可替代的作用,其本身还具有很高的美学价值,尤其是城市中的湿地,对城市生态环境维系以及为人们提供游憩场所等方面更具有重要作用。但城市的不断拓展,造成了湿地面积缩小,使其失去了生态功能,制约着城市的健康发展。     

The greening of the EC agrochemical market: Regulation and competition

This paper analyses the process of harmonisation of national pesticides regulations in the EC. One of the outcomes of this process was, in 1991, the adoption of an EC regulation which includes new environmental requirements for pesticides to be sold on the EC market. This regulatory process shows an example of trade-off between competition policy and environmental policy. After having described the competition in the agrochemical sector, the paper examines this trade-off in two ways. Firstly, the behaviour of industrial interest groups throughout the process and their influence in the devising of the regulation is considered. Secondly, the impact of competitive issues on the implementation of part of the 1991 regulation (i.e. the re-registration of old pesticides commercialised in the EC) is analysed. This case study confirms some general results of the regulatory capture theory but it also points out some limits of these theories: firms seemed to be much more sensitive to negative pay-offs than to positive ones when deciding to become involved in this regulatory process. A second insight brought up by this case study concerns the link between competition policy and environmental policy and its influence on the efficiency of the latter. Environment-competition trade-off in the agrochemical sector confronts the regulator, when it adopts environmental policy, with two risks: a risk of changing the structure of the industry (from a differentiated and innovative one to a commodity one) if the regulator does not provide sufficient pay-offs for environmental R&D costs, or a risk of allowing part of the industry to increase monopoly rents. Both risks would affect environmental efficiency, either by reducing the innovation in the sector or by over-protecting ‘greener’ pesticides from competition on price.     

日光温室病虫害发生原因分析与综合防治

简要介绍日光温室发生病虫害的原因及种类,提出了使用农业的、物理的、化学的防治方法,达到消灭病虫害帮保护人体健康的目的。