A Review of “Global Marketing Management: Changes,New Challenges and Strategies”

The paper reports the results of a study of 110 Export Management Companies (EMCs) located throughout the United States. These EMCs were surveyed to find out what international marketing tasks were most important for successful exporting and how difficult these tasks were to perform for their clients. This study also investigated the perceived importance to the ECMs' exporting success of various groups who often provide exporting assistance to exporters. In addition, these respondents were asked to respond to the helpfulness to their exporting activities of current and potential U.S. government actions. The two areas which were indicated to be most important to successful exporting were gathering marketing information and communicating with markets. However, the two areas which these EMCs feel to be most difficult to accomplish were analyzing political risk and sales force management. A gap analysis of these results suggests that the need which exporters most need help in is pricing in foreign markets. This research provides the basis for several policy recommendations to U.S. government leaders concerning their efforts to assist American exporters.     

Italy and China:Trade,Culture and History An Interview with Antonino Laspina,Commissioner of the Italian Trade Commission's Beijing office

Italy is a modern, industrialized nation which has managed to preserve its traditional culture intact. It is China's old friend, and its long-time trade partner. In 2006, the Year of Italy in China, various measures were taken to broaden the scope of China and Italy's relationship, not only in terms of economic cooperation and trade, but also concerning historical and cultural awareness. What sort of new opportunities for cooperation will we be seeing in the new year? China's Foreign Trade interviewed Antonino Laspina, Commissioner of the Italian Trade Commission's Beijing office, about this question and more.     

Cultural Diversity and Marketing Transactions: Are Market Integration,Large Community Size,and World Religions Necessary for Fairness in Ephemeral Exchanges?

The study here applies qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in an examination of data from 15 societies varying in their degree of market integration (MI) and participation in world religions (WRs); the data are available in Henrich et al. (2010b). The findings here provide a more nuanced coverage of the influences of cultural causal recipes on fairness and punishment in exchanges with strangers than “net effect” explanations. The coverage here explains how acts of fairness and punishment are contingent on several alternative paths including both low as well as high levels of MI and WR. Contrary to conclusions by Henrich et al. (2010a), depending on additional ingredients in cultural recipes, a society does not need to achieve MI and adoption of a WR to be fair and punish unfairness.     

Social Media,Social Me: A Content Analysis of Beauty Companies’ Use of Facebook in Marketing and Branding

This paper initiated an investigation on how beauty brands employ social media, particularly Facebook, to increase brand awareness and reinforce brand loyalty. It is no doubt that changes in the consumptive patterns of media have led companies to shift their focus from products to people and from information delivery to information exchange. Few studies, to our knowledge, exist that examine beauty brands and/or beauty companies’ use of social media as a means of engaging with or interacting with their current and potential consumers. Thus, the present study represented findings from a content analysis of Facebook posts from Estée Lauder, MAC cosmetics, Clinique, L’Oreal, Maybelline, and CoverGirl to see what types of social media tools were used more frequently by these brands to connect with their fans and users. Specifically, the study focused on the theoretical and practical implications of viral marketing in the branding strategies of the six beauty and/or makeup brands. Additionally, the study examined the way “high-end” brands used Facebook compared to the department store counterparts. These and other findings are discussed.     

“Natural” and “Fresh”: An Analysis of Food Label Claims in Internationally Packaged Foods in Singapore

Food claims invite controversies on account of their potential to mislead consumers while at times masquerading as health information devices. In the United States, Europe, and Australia/New Zealand, scholars have extensively studied the prevalence of food claims, the regulatory repercussions, and effects of such claims on consumers’ food perceptions and dietary choices. Our study is an attempt to address a gap in related research focused on Asia by situating the inquiry in Singapore where consumers are exposed to a wide variety of such claims due to the universality of food imports. This study examines the state of food claims by the food product’s region of origin, and focus specifically on the use of terms “natural” and “fresh” on food labels. We present recommendations for food marketing policymakers and practitioners.     

Italy and China： Trade, Culture and History——An Interview with Antonino Laspina, Commissioner of the Italian Trade Commission＇s Beijing office

Italy is a modern, industrialized nation which has managed to preserve its traditional culture intact. It is China＇s old friend, and its long-time trade partner. In 2006, the Year of Italy in China, various measures were taken to broaden the scope of China and Italy＇s relationship, not only in terms of economic cooperation and trade, but also concerning historical and cultural awareness. What sort of new opportunities for cooperation will we be seeing in the new year？ China＇s Foreign Trade interviewed Antonino Laspina, Commissioner of the Italian Trade Commission＇s Beijing office, about this question and more.     

‘Trust is good,control is better’: The 1974 Herstatt Bank Crisis and its Implications for International Regulatory Reform

With its international supervisory and regulatory implications, the failure of Bankhaus Herstatt is one of the landmarks of post-war financial history. This article offers the first comprehensive historical account of the Herstatt crisis, and contributes to the wider discussions on international supervisory and regulatory reform since the mid-1970s, including regulatory capture, markets' self-regulation and resolution of failed banks. In doing so, it first argues that contrary to a widely held view, the German authorities received early and repeated warnings about Herstatt's dealings but this involved only limited and ineffective regulatory/supervisory responses, then it turns to the actual collapse of the bank in June 1974, and finally explores the wider regulatory issues raised by the Herstatt case.     

Negotiators’ Effectiveness with Mixed Agendas: An Empirical Exploration of Tasks,Decisions and Performance Criteria

This article analyzes the performance of 1,060 individuals in dyadic, mixed-agenda negotiations in order to further understanding of individual negotiators’ effectiveness and test the applicability of common negotiation advice. To evaluate performance, both established and new measures were employed. In general, individuals were not effective, although there was wide variation that included highly effective negotiators. In striking contrast to previous research, high-performing individuals’ achievements were not significantly related to maximum joint value creation or to maximum logrolling. Most of the variation in benchmarked (best-practices) effectiveness and in partner-compared effectiveness was explained by individuals’ decisions on three types of agenda items: pure conflict, reverse priorities, and no-conflict. Each had a significant effect (with one exception), but decisions on pure conflict influenced individual effectiveness much more than decisions on either of the other two. Additional results include the extent to which negotiators tended to compromise, logroll, agree on common values, and modify their decisions across items within an item type. Among other implications, these findings argue for richer, more nuanced treatment of individual effectiveness and for advice that is attentive to the structural features of particular negotiations.     

Review of Guillaume Plantin and Jean‐Charles Rochet,When Insurers Go Bust: An Economic Analysis of the Role and Design of Prudential Regulation

When Insurers Go Bust applies agency theory and the theories of adverse selection and moral hazard as the motivation for prudential regulation of insurance. The resulting scheme has strong flavors of verifiability, simplicity, consistency, and transparency. In consequence, ruin theory does not have an operational role. Theory is applied in familiar ways that are at best convenient shorthand for correct ideas and at worst acceptably suggestive. As in other sources, there is inappropriate emphasis on the general theory of excessive risk‐taking, which tends to deflect attention from the specific nature of insurance firms, but the theoretical excess is adequately counterbalanced by thoughtful case studies. This book is useful for the insurance scholar and feasible as a segment of an advanced undergraduate course.     

China and Canada:Ever Stronger Partnerships——An exclusive interview with Peter Harder,President of CCBC

Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper paid an official visit to China from February 7 to 11.During the visit,he met with Chinese President Hu Jintao,Premier Wen Jiabao and other top officials.Together with Chinese vice     

Cooperation of Neighboring Countries:A Common Awareness for China and Mongolia——An interview with H.E. Amarsanaa,Ambassador of Mongolia to China

After Mongolian President Bagabandy's visit to China in July this year, China and Mongolia strengthened neighborly and friendly bilateral relations and opened a new chapter for cooperation in many fields. More than two months passed since then, how are the cooperative agreements that both side signed going on? What will the two countries do in future? Below is the interview with H.E. L. Amarsanaa, Ambassador of Mongolia to China, in which he stated the President's visit and introduced economic and trade cooperation between two countries recently.     

An Ambassador for Culture and Peace with the Aim to Better the World— Zhang Zhengqun, Chairman of Singapore Bride of the World Organization, and President of International BOW Committee

Forty-four years ago,a diligent Chinese student graduated from National University of Singapore (NUS) with a Bachelor of Science degree,and also had outstanding performance in courses including finance,marketing,management and languages like German,Japanese and French.     

Win Honors for the Motherland and the Birthplace Indonesia with Gratitude and Forethought——An Interview with Jackson Leung Sze Mau,Chairman of Golden Island Cable Company

There was a young boy who presented the bouquet on behalf of the nation to Premier Zhou Enlai during the Bandung Conference （also called Asian-African Conference） which was held in 1955, a young lad wh...     

Cooperation of Neighboring Countries：A Common Awareness for China and Mongolia——An interview with H.E.Amarsanaa,Ambassador of Mongolia to China

After Mongolian President Bagabandy‘s visit to China in July this year, China and Mongolia strengthened neighborly and friendly bilateral relations and opened a new chapter for cooperation in many fields. More than two months passed since then, how are the cooperative agreements that both side signed going on? What will the two countries do in future? Below is the interview with H.E. L. Amarsanaa, Ambassador of Mongolia to China, in which he stated the President‘s visit and introduced economic and trade cooperation between two countries recently.     

On the Eve of the Enforcement of the Arbitration Law——An interview with Xu Dayou, vice-chairman of China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and of the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission

The Arbitration Law of the People's Republic of China will go into effect on September 1, 1995, which has become the focus of world attention. This is an important law promulgated by China for handling economic disputes. All the parties concerned are making intense preparations for the successful enforcement of the Law. As the first nongovernmental organisation engaged in arbitration affairs, the China Council for