基于公共产品视角的公益广告供给研究

公益广告运作机制是一项系统工程,需要政府、媒体、企业和社会团体各方面的共同努力.本文基于公共产品的视角,分析了公益广告供给主体的选择、市场化运作和政策保障等问题,提出建立以政府监督管理为保障,以企业和社会机构为运行主体的公益广告长效运作机制.     

视觉符号在平面公益广告信息传播中的应用研究

符号学是研究符号的一般理论的学科。符号学的方法目前已经在艺术设计中被广泛的应用。公益广告属于视觉传达范畴,也有部分公益广告采用平面广告形式,公益广告在公共广告媒介中占有重要的位置。谈到公益广告,就是把公益类的广告内容转化成视觉符号,通过这些视觉符号传达公益含义,表现公益画面,引起大众共鸣,达到公益目的。论文主要以视觉符号的理论对公益广告进行全新角度的分析,拓宽了符号学研究领域,有助于对公益广告设计的理论指导。从公益广告的符号层面入手,寻求广告符号在信息传播中的意义和能够带给大众的视觉感受,也可以为设计师提供设计思路和灵感,对公益广告设计领域有应用价值。     

媒体融合背景下公益广告传播策略的研究

公益广告对于促进精神文明建设,传播社会主流文化具有重要的作用。在媒体融合的背景下,公益广告传播大放异彩,媒体融合为公益广告传播提供了很好的契机,公益广告专业化和商业广告公益化的发展趋势越加明了,投放力度明显加大,但是其传播效果却不够突出。基于媒体融合的环境解析,进而分析媒体融合背景下公益传播环境的变化,包括媒体环境、受众需求和传播主题的变化等;最后,从传播主体、目标受众、广告内容、表现方式和传播平台等方面提出公益广告借助媒体融合平台的传播策略。     

浅析电视公益广告商业化运作的现阶段发展情况及未来展望

自1978年中央电视台开播公益广告节目开始,中国公益广告业不断发展壮大,取得了丰硕的成果,却始终存在着公众认知度低、企业参与热情不高的问题。本文将以威海地区为主体样本,进而扩展到整个山东省,从公众、企业、媒体三个方面介绍公益广告商业化运作的现状以及形成原因,同时借助广电总局近日限制商业广告播出时间这一政策导向,有针对性的提出未来公益广告商业化运作的所面对的机遇和挑战。     

为公益广告提供法制平台——关于公益广告发展繁荣的想法和建议

公益广告是社会组织实现自我动员、自我倡导，同心协力构建和谐社会的有效形式。中国经济的快速发展所带来的许多矛盾与问题，多半属于公益问题。需要让公众知情，请公众参与，进而转变公众日常的态度和行为，解决公众自身的根本利益和长远利益问题。未来几年，侧重解决这类问题的公益广告势必要有一个大发展，并形成空前繁荣的大好局面。为此，政府相关管理部门有责任多方引导，     

公益广告运作模式比较研究——建立具有中国特色的公益广告运行模式构想

中国公益广告活动己有20多年历史,至今尚未形成成熟的公益广告运作模式。有必要借鉴发达国家经验,对公益广告所特有的广告概念、本质及运作模式加以研究,并形成符合中国实际的行之有效的公益广告运行模式。     

公益广告是电视媒体承担社会责任的重要表现

电视媒体已经成为社会主要传播渠道,成为当之无愧的第一媒体。因此,电视媒体应当承担社会公民应尽的社会责任和义务。在履行好"内容把关人"的职责,传播先进内容的同时,公益广告是电视媒体承担社会责任的重要表现。中央电视台不仅播出大量公益电视广告,而且积极组织、策划与创意各项公益内容与活动,主动承担媒体的社会责任,有效地推动了中国电视公益广告的成长与发展。     

公益广告中的商业性特征探讨

企业发布公益广告具有一定的商业化特征是在中国生产力水平低下、经济发展缓慢的特定历史阶段中所必然出现的状态。合理具有隐性商业性信息表现的公益广告不等同于商业广告。企业正确树立公益广告观念,正确认识公益广告中的“利”与“义”,并合理运用隐性商业诉求功能和公益营销理念,是可以实现企业与公益广告和谐统一、共同发展的双赢局面的。     

中国电视公益广告发展30年

近年来,伴随着中国广告业的迅猛发展,以倡导真善美为宗旨的公益广告也正在发展壮大。公益广告是指为实现公共利益而实施的广告。公益广告一般是非商业性的,其目的是传播公益观念。公益广告以它独有的"人本性"、"公益性"、"倡导性"等特点,把人文关怀渗透到人们的日常生活中,潜移默化地影响着人们的言行,推动着人类文明的进步。     

论企业公益广告与企业形象

有眼光的企业家在推销自己产品的同时,更注重在公众面前传播、塑造自己的良好企业形象。企业公益广告就是这样的背景下。作为一种塑造企业形象的新型手段涌现出来。本文简要探讨了企业公益广告与企业形象的联系、对企业形象塑造的缺憾以及企业运用公益广告来塑造自身形象及其意义。     

城市户外广告媒体资源市场化配置研究

城市,外广告媒体资源市场化配置是市场经济发展的必然要求,本文基于公共资源的视角,分析城市户外广告媒体资源市场化配置的寻租风险、商业风险和道德风险,通过完善户外广告管理系统,建立有救的产权交易机制,以及系统性的政府立法等,来提高城市户外广告资源的经济效益和社会效益。     

Societal and cultural examination of public service advertisements of a society in transition

Although public service advertisements (PSAs) can be viewed as either change agents or reflections of concerns about societal needs, there is little research on this topic. Rapid changes in newly industrializing countries have apparently brought about several negative consequences. In this study, we used multiple methods for exploring PSAs in Thailand to identify important societal needs. Furthermore, we examined variations in attitudes towards specific public service advertising themes using demographic and cultural variables. Through both naturalistic inquiry and a large-scale survey of 1756 respondents, we found that the priority placed on safety and social needs in the Thai culture was clearly reflected in PSA themes and messages. In addition, attitudes towards PSA themes were found to vary by education, age and traditional values, but not by religion. Propositions and suggestions for future research are also provided in the final section.     

Rethinking the boundaries of social marketing: Activism or advertising?

In some areas of public health concern, corporate marketing activities may negate social marketing messages targeting individuals. Traditional social marketing campaigns may be ineffective when commercial marketing activities create an environment that encourages and maintains unhealthy behaviors. This article explores the role of social marketing in these instances.     

Receptiveness of Black Americans to outdoor advertising

Outdoor advertisements, billboards especially, represent important advertising vehicles yet they receive little attention from marketing researchers. Many managers assume that the medium has limited segmentation potential beyond geographical, yet this study reveals major differences. Based on two sets of focus groups and a survey of over 1600 users of heath service facilities in Louisiana, Black Americans appear significantly more receptive than White Americans to billboards, using measures of awareness, information conveyance, influence, and overall views.These differences persist across most education/income level combinations; significant interaction effects emerge between receptiveness, race, education, and income. The authors draw from socialization theory to explain some of the difference but suggest the high exposure of Black Americans to billboards, plus their greater openness to advertising, also contribute. Many advertisers target Black Americans and this targeting is a subject of public policy concern, giving these findings implications for marketers, researchers, and policy makers.     

Gender roles in advertising

This study discusses and provides a measure for the degree of stereotyping in advertisements. Applying this measure, the study shows to what degree gender stereotypes in advertising differ between public and private TV channels in Germany. The results show that gender stereotyping in advertising still prevails despite the change in the roles of men and women over the years. Contrary to their public mission, public TV channels do not show fewer gender stereotypes in advertisements compared to private TV channels. The degree of stereotyping as related to different stereotyping components differs significantly between these two types of channel. Gender stereotypes on private channels refer to role behaviour and physical characteristics and, thus, function as a means to sell a product. On the other hand, advertisements on public channels stereotype gender in terms of occupational status, and therefore interfere with the major goal of gender equality policy.     

德国财政学、英美财政学与中国财政学

本文研究财政学主流从德国范式到美国范式的演变史。文章通过对不同语言的“财政”一词进行文献研究,认为财政学产生于德国而非英国;然后在马克思主义唯物史观的指导下,还原经济学如何一步步取代财政学的历史过程。本文的研究表明:第一,财政学并非经济学的分支,二者产生的土壤与哲学根基都不相同;第二,经济学的几次变革反映出其内在逻辑的不一致,无法作为财政学的理论基础;第三,当代主流财政学与现实脱节的原因在于实践和理论的发展方向是矛盾的,即19世纪末20世纪初,英美的财政实践在向德国学习,而英美的公共经济学却取代德国财政学,成为财政学的主流。     

Transforming a traditional research organization through public entrepreneurship

Public entrepreneurship is much like its private sector counterpart; however, public entrepreneurs face additional challenges due to weaker competitive forces in the public as compared to private sector, with objectives that often are poorly defined and performance that is difficult to measure. Despite the impact on public good, how to enact changes successfully in public sector organizations to be more entrepreneurial is poorly understood. This article summarizes current research on public entrepreneurship and presents a detailed case study of a successful entrepreneurial change in a public sector organization. A five-step change process used to enhance entrepreneurial behaviors was implemented in a public sector organization and the qualitative and quantitative results demonstrated substantial performance improvements over 4 years (i.e., quantitative performance in some areas was more than 10 times greater). We explain key steps that produced successful outcomes and how to avoid common challenges in the implementation of ongoing entrepreneurial behaviors in public sector contexts.     

The effects of commercial advertising on children

This paper examines recent published research into the effects of advertising on children in the light of public concern. It states a series of hypotheses on which much public criticism appears to be based and demonstrates that they are not supported by the evidence of researchers into child psychology and advertising. It argues that undesirable and anti-social behaviour by children is not the result of some simple stimulus-response mechanism. Up till now, no serious study has been able to prove a direct and exclusive link between advertising and juvenile purchasing or other forms of behaviour. However, a number of studies have shown that the most important influences on a wide range of children's attitudes and behaviour are parental, family, peer-group and other social factors. This paper first appeared in Commercial Communications, January 1999, and we are grateful to the author for permission to reprint.     

The Dissemination and Content of Drug Prevention Public Service Announcements

Drug Prevention public service announcements (PSA) campaigns have historically been unsuccessful, in part because of dissemination problems and a lack of targeting and message development. This study looked at one week's television programming to address the dissemination issue. Content analysis was used to discern the target and type of appeals used in drug prevention PSAs. Implications for future research to aid PSA developers in creating effective PSAs are discussed.     

Saturday Review's annual advertising awards

Saturday Review's long, commendable effort to identify corporations willing to promote the general good through their advertising was damaged in 1977 because of procedural changes in the awards. Prior to 1977 the named judges made the important distinction between public-service (non-image) and public-relations (corporate image) advertising. But in 1977 the judges were not named and the public service/public relations distinction was eliminated, replaced by the single category of public spirited ads. Most of these ads, however, were not public spirited, but were public relations ads. But in 1978 this deception was ended by the empaneling of a new kind of jury, one drawn from the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications. James Richard Bennett is Professor of English at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. He is the editor of Style, a Journal of Stylistics. He won the Fulbright Teaching Award in Yugoslavia in 1968–69. His most important publication is: Prose Style: A Historical Approach Through Studies, 1971.I wish to thank Professor Leonard White of the Department of Economics at the University of Arkansas for his advice concerning several of the ads discussed herein.