贵阳市土地利用与人口发展初探

利用贵阳市相关统计资料,对贵阳市土地利用变化与人口发展关系进行研究。针对贵阳市土地利用与人口发展的现状,提出土地利用与人口协调发展的建议。     

Residential preferences,quality of life,and the population turnaround

The author discusses the role of residential preferences and the search for a better quality of life as determinants of urban-rural migration in the United States     

芜湖市县域经济发展空间差异与对策研究

芜湖市县域经济发展的空间差异较为明显,采用量图分析法,选取人均财政收入、农民人均年纯收入等5项指标,将芜湖市7个县级行政区分为3种类型,其中,镜湖区等3个市辖区属发达类型,新芜区属中等类型,繁昌县等3县属欠发达类型;繁昌县、芜湖县和南陵县为重点扶持对象;提出发展县域经济的相应策略。     

Nutrition, health and economic policies in Europe

This article explores the economic issues associated with diet choices and nutrition policies in Europe. A review of the current and potential policy measures is provided and the issues associated with the development of a common nutritional policy in Europe discussed, with a special focus on the collection of appropriate data for benchmarking. We propose a classification for the wide range of nutrition policy tools and the most recent developments are discussed with reference to policy actions in France, Italy and the United Kingdom.     

Fat taxes and thin subsidies: Prices, diet, and health outcomes

“Fat taxes” have been proposed as a way of addressing food-related health concerns. In this paper, we investigate the possible effects of “thin subsidies”, consumption subsidies for healthier foods. Empirical simulations, based on data from the Continuing Study of Food Intake by Individuals, are used to calculate the potential health benefits of subsidies on certain classes of fruits and vegetables in the United States. Estimates of the cost per statistical life saved through such subsidies compare favorably with existing U.S. government programs.     

Measuring Interactions among Urbanization, Land Use Regulations, and Public Finance

This article presents a polychotomous choice-selectivity model to estimate the interactions among urbanization, land use regulations, and public finance in five western states (California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington). Land use regulations in these five states reduced the total developed area by an estimated 12.2% from 1982 to 1992, but increased housing prices between 1.3% and 4.7%, depending on the intensity of land use regulations in a county. Land use regulations also reduced public expenditure and property tax in the long run by 5.6% and 8.4%, respectively, but increased public expenditure and property tax in the short run by 9.8% and 12.6%.     

Public space,private development and community welfare

Summary

The focus of this paper is on the public spaces associated with certain private developments, e.g. plazas, arcades, atria, etc. In many urban settings these spaces have become important amenities in their own right, with indoor spaces, in particular, often providing extensive and climatically controlled recreational opportunities free from the uncertainties of the external environment. Given the ‘public goods’ characteristics of these spaces, it is suggested that they deserve more detailed scrutiny since the potential ‘welfare’ benefits from increased provision might be considerable. To this end, it is argued that the planning authorities have both the duty and the power to ‘encourage’ private developers to not only extend provision but also improve accessibility.     

Environmental motivations for migration: population pressure,poverty, and deforestation in the Philippines

"This paper uses a multinomial discrete choice model and data from the Philippines to examine migrant choice between alternative destinations. Travel costs and perceived opportunities at the upland frontier are more important than general (upland plus lowland) destination attributes that indicate more developed social infrastructure or greater expected welfare. For example, migration streams are larger to destinations where the public share of forestland and the road system are larger. These features also characterize regions of more rapid deforestation. Therefore, emigration policies must recognize their effects on deforestation at the frontier--and their anticipated indirect effects on downstream environments."     

Globalization and population drivers of rural-urban land-use change in Chihuahua,Mexico

A thorough examination of the causes of land-use change is necessary to effectively deal with the magnitude of changes across the globe. Chihuahua, Mexico is experiencing rapid land-use changes due to processes of globalization. The emergence of Mexico's maquiladora program is an indicator of economic globalization that has had far-reaching social and environmental consequences. This article examines population and income patterns from 1970 to 2000 as part of a hierarchical system and tests whether or not processes of globalization can be detected in the patterns. Findings indicate that population and income concentrate primarily in Juarez, while simultaneously deconcentrating in most other municipios of the State. Moreover, these patterns correlate with patterns of maquiladora concentration. Additional findings identify proximity to the US and established urban centers as drivers of population concentration. These findings support the notion that patterns and processes of globalization are important drivers of population and income concentration at the local level in Chihuahua, Mexico. Finally, the findings support the conceptualization of population land-use and income concentration as part of a hierarchical system.     

鄂东南湘东北交接地带旅游资源联合开发探讨

鄂东南湘东北交接地带旅游资源知名度高、互补性强且成组团式集聚，旅游客源市场相似，区住交通条件好，特色旅游商品丰富，非常有利于旅游资源联合开发；在区域旅游业发展中，该地带面临日益被边缘化的趋势、在旅游开发方向上雷同现象严重、在对外旅游宣传上各自为政等一些问题；提出要理顺好区域旅游管理的协调机制、联合开拓旅游市场、联合普查旅游资源、开发特色旅游商品。     

《京都议定书》-中国的能源、环境和可持续发展

我国的能源短缺在相当程度上是由加工业能耗过高造成的;我国即使不承担温室气体减排国际义务,也要理智对待环境问题;通过计算说明我国每百人拥有小客车9．9辆也是不可思议的事,发展公共交通是我国的唯一选择;建议实施小型乘用车和营运汽车排放权交易;我国应实行适度消费、资源节约型的现代化,发展循环经济;只有实行定量化、可操作化,才可能实现环境、经济的可持续发展。     

欠发达地区人口城镇化与土地城镇化协调发展研究——以安徽省为例

中国正处于城镇化进程加速发展时期,城镇化是目前我国面临的重要问题。本文选择人口城镇化和土地城镇化做为切入点,来探讨安徽省人口城镇化和土地城镇化协调发展的时间演变规律。在研究过程中,采用了如下研究方法:协调性指数法、定量与定性分析相结合和综合评价法。通过计算得出如下结果:2000~2011年间安徽省人口城镇化指数与土地城镇化指数都呈现持续上升趋势,且从2007年开始土地城镇化指数增长速度显著加快,并在2011年超过人口城镇化指数。总体上看,安徽省人口城镇化与土地城镇化协调发展水平从2000年的极度失调衰退阶段上升到2011年的优质协调发展阶段。     

Attitudes, experience and knowledge among farmers to recycling of sludge

Today's wastewater systems have been built to improve the hygiene level within households and the quality of water for other users, but have on the other hand created another environmental problem in the production of sludge. In many Western societies more than 50% of sludge produced is being distributed on agricultural land, and resistance to this practice among farmers is growing. In a survey answered by 1050 farmers, attitudes, experiences and knowledge towards use of sludge were investigated. Reasons for use were soil conditioner properties and compensation schemes. Reasons for non-use were fear of toxic compounds and infectious remnants, restrictions on use of land and unfamiliarity with use. There was more knowledge among users than among non-users. Compensation for sludge among farmers implied a perception of sludge as a waste. If farmers must accept sludge, then reliable and complete information from trusted sources is required: economic arguments about agronomic benefits are not sufficient and confidence with other stakeholders and a feeling of justice in solving environmental problems are central aspects.