我国区域城镇化的碳排放效率时空动态效应研究

发挥城镇化在碳排放效率提升中的积极效应是我国在实现“双碳”目标条件下保持中高速经济增长的必然选择。以2011—2020年我国30个省份的面板数据为研究样本,利用NCSE—EBM模型测度碳排放效率,并运用动态GMM模型实证检验城镇化的碳排放时空效应,结果显示：我国碳排放效率整体上处于比较低的水平,碳排放效率均值呈现先下降后上升的斜“√”型演变态势;2012年起我国省域碳排放效率在空间上逐步收敛;虽然我国城镇化整体上对碳排放效率提升存在显著性促进效果,但城镇化的碳排放效应随着区域城镇化水平上升而下降;数字化、产业结构、技术创新分别是低度、中度和高度城镇化地区碳排放效率提升的重要短板,环境规制是所有地区的主要制约瓶颈。     

中国碳排放效率与全要素生产率研究

基于各要素调整比例不同的Russell方向性距离函数数据包络分析模型,对中国各省份考虑能源环境情况下总的非效率和碳排放非效率进行测算,并计算了碳排放的非效率占整个非效率项的大小。结果表明,各省份总的非效率存在较大的差异,北京、上海、广东这三个省份各年都处在前沿面上,碳排放的非效率不是各省份非效率的主要原因。此外,计算了全要素生产率指数的增长情况,并进行分解,得到碳排放的全要素生产率指数,研究发现碳排放的全要素生产率指数占总的指数部分较大,且碳排放的全要素生产率指数多数是正的,对总的全要素生产率指数的上升起到积极的作用。对碳排放的全要素生产率进行分解发现,碳排放的全要素生产率指数上升的贡献主要来自技术进步,技术效率有待提高。     

基于绿色增长的我国各地区工业企业技术创新效率研究

本文基于绿色增长对技术创新的方向进行约束,将资源生产率和环境负荷视作产出,运用四阶段DEA模型对我国2009年各省份工业企业技术创新效率进行实证研究。结果表明:环境因素有利于各省份工业企业技术创新效率的提高;剔除环境因素影响后全国平均技术创新效率有所提高,纯技术创新效率上升,而规模效率下降;东部地区的平均纯技术创新效率最高,而中西部地区平均纯技术创新效率偏低,并且低于平均规模效率;经济越发达的省份越容易出现规模报酬递减现象,而经济欠发达的省份则呈现规模报酬递增现象。     

基于GEEFDEA模型的省际物流业碳排放效率评价

物流行业作为能源消费和碳排放大户,是经济高质量发展与“低碳”战略的重要助推器、平衡杠杆,科学客观评价物流活动中碳排放效率是物流业低碳转型顺利进行的前提。文章借鉴已有研究成果构建物流碳排放效率评价指标体系,考虑碳排放作为非期望产出时总量固定的要求,采用GEEFDEA模型对我国30个省份2016—2020年间碳排放效率进行评价。结果显示：物流业整体碳排放效率较好,5年间的效率值呈现出先上升后下降的趋势;碳排放效率与地区的经济发展水平、产业布局密切相关。积极推动能源技术创新、数字化转型是提升物流业碳排放效率的重要途径。     

中国大中型企业研发效率测度与财政激励政策影响

研究目标：政府研发补贴、研发活动加计扣除税收减免以及高技术企业税收减免对企业研发效率的影响。研究方法：应用随机前沿模型（SFA）测度和比较中国各省份大中型工业企业的研发效率并检验三种财政激励政策对研发效率的影响。研究发现：各省份大中型工业企业研发效率逐年提高,但省份间整体研发效率差距较大,且东部沿海地区研发效率整体较中西部地区高;政府研发补贴和企业研发活动加计扣除减免都与研发效率呈稳定负相关,而高新技术企业税收减免与研发效率则呈稳定正相关。研究创新：从效率角度探究我国当前三种主要财政激励政策对企业研发绩效的影响。研究价值：从新的视角为我国未来财政政策如何定位和设计实施提供经验证据。     

基于水足迹视角下的工业水资源效率测度研究

基于投入产出理论,引入工业蓝水足迹及工业灰水足迹改善传统的投入产出指标体系,运用EBM模型对2010—2016年长江经济带11个省市工业水资源效率进行测度,并进一步研究其工业节水潜力。研究发现,长江经济带11个省市的工业水资源效率存在一定的差异。上海工业水资源效率在研究期间内保持平稳有效状态,且在长江经济带11个省市范围内处于最优水平;而长江经济带中部省份的工业水资源绿色发展问题值得重视,工业节水潜力的挖掘有较大空间。为提高工业水资源效率,各省份间应避免保护主义,打破地区封锁;避免"一锅煮"现象,发挥地域特色。     

区域企业异质性特征、节能减排与碳排放强度——基于中国省市工业企业面板数据的研究

选取中国各省市2007—2010年面板数据对工业企业异质性特征与地区碳排放强度关系进行实证研究,结果显示,工业企业的规模和技术水平对碳排放强度具有显著的抑制作用,从业人员规模对碳排放强度具有正向作用,而企业效益与碳排放强度关系不显著。进一步研究后发现,企业规模和技术水平通过降低能源排放强度、产生减排效果来降低碳排放强度;单位工业企业从业人员的减少可以降低能源消耗强度和能源排放强度,通过节能与减排双重方式降低碳排放强度;工业企业效益提高了单位资产期望经济产出,没有很好地抑制非期望碳排放产出,无法降低碳排放强度。     

中国能源碳排放的区域差异及其影响因素分析

本文采用1998-2007年30个省份的能源消耗、工业产业、交通和生活数据,从省域层面上分析了碳排放总量和单位GDP碳排放量的空间差异和变动情况,并分阶段分类型对单位GDP碳排放量的影响因素作了逐步线性回归分析.结果表明:无论从碳排放总量还是单位GDP碳排放量来看,其都存在明显的空间差异;从变动情况来看,高于全国平均单位GDP碳排放量的省份有向南部内陆省份扩大趋势.不同水平的单位GDP碳排放量影响因素差异大,高于全国平均单位GDP碳排放量的省份影响因素以工业行业结构为主,低于全国平均单位GDP碳排放量的省份影响因素以交通和生活为主,且制造业产业结构对单位GDP碳排放量开始起抑制作用.     

工业碳排放驱动因素研究:一种生产分解分析新方法

本文基于非参数距离函数和环境生产技术,构建了一种生产分解分析新方法,将碳排放变动分解为若干贡献因素,并应用于分析我国工业36个行业碳排放的驱动因素。结果表明,潜在能源结构碳强度对工业二氧化碳排放强度下降的贡献要小于潜在能源强度,能源强度调整空间更大;能源结构碳强度由于煤炭占总能源消费比例过高趋势并未扭转,致使结构节能的潜力并未有效释放;能源利用技术效率改善不明显,各行业能源利用技术效率差异成扩大趋势。     

基于Malmquist-DEA模型的区域物流低碳效率评价

在低碳经济背景下,构建物流低碳效率评价指标体系,从多维度来衡量物流低碳经营方式,将物流业引向低碳发展的道路,对我国的经济低碳化发展有重要意义。以2016-2021年我国30个省级地区（含省、自治区、直辖市）为研究对象,构建了物流低碳绩效评价指标体系。在考虑二氧化碳排放总量为固定和的情况下,通过构建均衡有效前沿面对2016-2021年我国30个省份的物流低碳效率进行了静态分析,使用Malmquist指数模型测算了30个省的MPI指数,结果表明：从全国整体角度来看,六年间我国整体的物流低碳效率较高且始终保持在一个相对稳定的状态,但省份间的碳排放效率有明显的差距,全要素生产率呈现出一种稳步上升的趋势。从地区角度来看,中部地区效率最高,中东部地区效率明显高于西部和东北部地区,西部地区效率最低,双方差距较大。基于物流业碳排放效率和全要素生产率的评价结果和分析,提出了相应的发展建议。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Export Composition and Manufacturing Employment in the US during the Economic Downturn of 1991-92

This paper examines the effect that export composition had upon manufacturing employment in the US during the 1991 recession. Although it takes, on average, approximately $66 000 in exports to create one job, the exact gains in terms of total employment depend upon the labour-intensity of the products being exported. Foreign sales by the chemical and textile industries result in a far greater increase in employment than exports by the petroleum refining or steel industries. This analysis estimates the employment effects of manufacturing exports over the 1989-95 period, utilizing an input-output model to capture both direct and indirect effects. The results demonstrate that export composition has, at times, both strengthened and reduced demand for labour. Consequently, if job-creation is a national goal, it may be in the interests of the US to promote exports from sectors that are labour-using.