Is the Exchange Rate Pass-Through into Import Prices Declining? Evidence from Chile

Several empirical studies have found that the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) into import prices is not complete and declined during the 1990s. In this paper we carry out a reexamination of these findings using a unique database of disaggregated import prices both at the border and wholesale levels for Chile. Our results do not support previous conclusions. We find a complete and nondeclining ERPT in the long run at both pricing levels of Chilean imports. We extend previous evidence by showing that, in the short run, wholesale prices seem to be less sensitive to exchange rate variations. In addition, we find weak evidence of asymmetric pass-through from appreciations versus depreciations for the aggregate import indexes in the short run and the long run.     

当前我国本外币政策协调机制研究

本外币政策的协调是一国实现内外部均衡的重要条件,也是包括我国在内的许多国家面临的一个重要课题。本文通过对我国目前的本外币政策进行剖析,结合当前形势就如何推进人民币汇率改革、加强政策协调提出了相关建议。     

基于ERPT效应的我国货币政策与汇率政策协调性研究

通过ARDL模型对我国名义有效汇率对物价水平的ERPT效应进行了测度,发现现阶段我国货币政策与汇率政策各自都较合乎情理,但是二者并没有达成一种相互协调的整体。在目前ERPT效应相对较低（货币政策的稳定情况影响效应的大小）和支出转换效应效果不明显的现实情况下,保证货币政策稳健、及时、有效,并对货币供给的自主控制将成为我国央行的首要目标,而适度的放开名义汇率的浮动范围将成为实现这一目标的有效途径。     

Global or Domestic? Which Shocks Drive Inflation in European Small Open Economies?

We investigate which shocks drive inflation in small open economies. In the first step, we use the structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) approach to identify the global shocks. Second, we regress the disaggregated price indices for selected European economies on the global shocks controlling for the domestic variables. We find that the fluctuations of inflation in the analyzed countries are to large extent determined by the cyclical movements of the domestic output gap however the commodity shock also contributes strongly to inflation variability. The role of the non-commodity global supply shock is less prominent, however, interpreted to some extent as a globalization shock, for most of the analyzed period lowers the inflation. Nonetheless, in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, this shock reversed what may be interpreted as the weakening of the globalization process.     

Does the Exchange Rate Respond to Monetary Policy in Mexico? Solving an Exchange Rate Puzzle in Emerging Markets

This paper argues that the null or weak response of emerging market currencies to domestic monetary policy documented in the literature is the result of wide event windows. An event study with intraday data for Mexico shows that an unanticipated tightening appreciates the currency and flattens the yield curve, consistent with the evidence for advanced economies. With daily event windows, however, only the yield curve responds to monetary policy. Noise in daily exchange rate returns explains the lack of response of the currency. Such noise gives rise to a bias that declines after controlling for potential omitted variables.     

汇率制度变迁视角下人民币汇率传递效应的研究

汇率传递是其影响经济的重要渠道之一,具有重要的理论和现实意义.从人民币汇率制度变迁的视角,选取1997年1月至2012年9月期间为样本期,采用E-G两步法分析人民币汇率对国内价格CPI的传递效应.实证发现,2005年7月汇改后,人民币汇率对CPI的传递效应存在结构性变化,汇率制度的变迁降低了传递效应,并对实证结果提出相应解释.     

人民币汇率传递的不对称效应

在不同的汇率波动方向及波动幅度下,汇率传递可能是不对称的。利用中国17个主要贸易伙伴1994～2008年年度数据对人民币汇率传递的不对称性实证研究发现,在不同的汇率波动方向下,汇率传递弹性是不同的。人民币汇率贬值时的汇率传递弹性为负,升值时的汇率传递弹性为正。在不同的汇率波动幅度下,汇率传递同样是不对称的。当人民币汇率波动幅度小于2．68％时,汇率传递弹性为-0．5815;当汇率波动幅度大于2．68％时,汇率传递弹性为-0．0578。     

我国的货币政策操作目标研究：1994—2007

本文通过对我国1994年至2007年货币政策操作目标进行历史回顾和实证分析,认为：在此期间,我国货币政策追求的目标实际上是在稳定汇率的基础上促进我国的经济增长;以后货币政策应以创造稳定的低通胀环境并以此促进经济增长为主要的目标,但同时也要防止汇率过度波动。     

货币政策应该关注资产价格和汇率吗?

在Rudebusch and Svensson(1999)模型中引入了房地产价格、股票价格和汇率因素,以此为基础推导出最优货币政策反应函数。该反应函数显示,中央银行既要应对产出和通货膨胀变化,还应该考虑资产价格和汇率波动。基于GMM方法的实证分析表明,该反应函数能够较好刻画过去10多年间中国中央银行的货币政策。总体而言,该反应函数可以作为中国货币政策制定和执行的参考框架,货币政策应该对资产价格和汇率波动给予一定程度的关注。     

切实发挥从紧货币政策在宏观调控中的重要作用

货币政策由"稳健"转向"从紧",是党中央总揽我国经济发展全局、深刻分析未来经济发展趋势后做出的重大决策.当前,必须全面认识从紧货币政策面临的严峻形势和突出问题,找准着力点,综合运用多种政策工具,切实推进从紧货币政策的贯彻实施.     

货币政策、宏观审慎与汇率波动--基于时变效应的新视角

本文研究央行政策对人民币外汇市场压力的时变性影响。研究发现,央行数量型货币政策和宏观审慎政策主要通过影响人民币在国际货币市场的"相对"供给水平来影响人民币外汇市场压力的波动,宽松政策在经济高涨时期和经济新常态时期会引起人民币外汇市场贬值压力,在经济萧条时期会引起人民币外汇市场升值压力;央行价格型货币政策主要通过影响人民币在国际货币市场的"相对"需求水平来影响人民币外汇市场压力的波动,宽松政策在经济高涨时期和经济新常态时期会引起人民币外汇市场升值压力,在经济萧条时期会引起人民币外汇市场贬值压力。     

美联储固定利率全额供应隔夜逆回购协议工具的运用及前景

为提高对短期利率的管理能力等,美联储联邦公开市场委员会（FOMC）透露将可能使用新的货币政策工具,即固定利率全额供应隔夜逆回购协议。文章分析了该工具推出的原因,总结了美联储在使用该工具过程中对其所做的主要调整,并评价了该工具的使用效果,梳理了各方关于该工具使用前景的观点。     

Monetary policy for small emerging market economies: the way forward

Discretionary monetary policy for small emerging market economies, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, can benefit from closer scrutiny and strengthening through appropriate and incremental policies. Field research and related analysis challenge the conventional wisdom on the relationship between interest rates and inflation. Lessons learned suggest that monetary policy needs to be tempered to prevailing social, cultural, and socio-economic factors. In addition, access to credit through financial inclusion policies and programmes needs to be addressed, and the overarching role of good governance cannot be overlooked. Given the broad scope of weaknesses inherent in monetary policy-making (and the systems that support it) in small emerging market economies such as Botswana's, two options are available to tackle the problems: either monetary union should be adopted or incremental new directions to the status quo are required.     

Is monetary policy effective in dampening fiscally induced exchange market pressures? Evidence from Ghana

Episodes of currency crises in Ghana over the recent past were examined. We also address two fundamental questions using VAR framework. First, how does fiscal policy relate to exchange market pressures (EMPs) in Ghana? Second, whether persistent fiscal slippages hinder the effective use of interest rate as monetary policy tool to influence undesirable exchange rate fluctuations? We found sterilization interventions to be more effective than interest rate as a monetary policy tool in moderating tensions in foreign exchange market. Higher recurrent expenditure was generally associated with higher EMP, while capital expenditures tend to assuage EMP. We recommend strong policy coordination between the fiscal and monetary authorities to ensure macroeconomic stability.     

美联储退出量化宽松的影响及我国的应对措施

美联储退出QE,将改变过去几年宽松的国际环境。借助美国经济转型和国际环境改善的契机,我国应牢牢把握改革与转型的机会,加大改革与结构调整力度,适时进行货币政策调整,保持货币投放渠道通畅,加强对短期资本流动的监测和管理,加快推进利率和汇率市场化改革,督促商业银行加强风险管理与防范,加强与发达经济体、新兴经济体沟通和政策协调,积极应对QE退出带来的冲击,实现经济成功转型升级。     

我国当前经济考察及宏观调控对策

防止经济增长由偏快转为过热,防止物价由结构性上涨演变为明显通货膨胀,成为我国当前宏观调控的首要任务。新一轮的宏观经济背景发生了较大变化,宏观调控手段和思路必须要根据新的经济环境作出调整。对当前经济形势的新变化作出充分估计和分析,将对我国宏观调控效应具有重要的现实意义。     

2014年上半年中国货币市场运行报告

2014年上半年,中国人民银行继续执行稳健货币政策,适时主动地进行预调微调,有效稳定市场预期。货币市场平稳运行,成交规模稳步扩大,市场利率震荡下行,波动幅度逐步收窄,各子市场发展速度出现分化。银行业金融机构融出意愿有所增强,非银行市场主体参与度不断提升,货币市场流动性管理功能进一步发挥。