The Methodological Basis of Institutional Economics: Comment

This article highlights Simon Patten's contributions to the institutionalist method and view of abundance. It illustrates Patten's role in the cross-fertilization between early institutionalists and the German Historicists. Patten's views on the societal transition to abundance, the method of social inquiry, and the role of social scientists are re-examined in light of the current exigencies of a climate-constrained, post-industrial economy. The policy implications that emerge from Patten's rejection of the presumption of scarcity are examined in a contemporary context. The article suggests that the historical and evolutionary approach that Patten fostered among institutionalists is essential to the identification and implementation of the socio-economic reform requisite of an age of abundance.     

The Institutional Economics of Karl Polanyi

Economists tend to see the market as a default option for social order and a role for government only when markets fail. Developing a convincing analysis of the role of government in economic processes, however, needs to start by considering government failure in its own terms. Drawing on insights from institutional economics, law and economics and the philosophy of law, emphasizing the necessity of rules for the economy, this paper develops the concept of government failure. The paper identifies and develops four different types of government failure. Government can set rules for economic processes and actors that are (1) too specific, (2) too broad, (3) that are arbitrary, or (4) that conflict with other rules it has set out to address other, related issues (possibly primarily non-economic). Government failure is illustrated in the context of Intellectual Property Right (IPR) law as it relates to Anti-Trust law.     

非营利组织企业化管理绩效评价指标体系及评价方法研究

基于建立指标体系的基本原则,构建了非营利组织企业化管理绩效评价指标体系(包括三层结构、17个指标)。用可靠性高、误差小的层次分析法确定指标的权重,初步建立了非营利组织企业化管理绩效评价的模型,并收集到的样本为例,对核模型进行了实证研究,表明了该方法的有效性。     

一般均衡理论的有限扩展与边际修正--新制度经济学与信息经济学批评

由于忽略了时间、知识与企业家等重要现实因素,一般均衡理论存在致命缺陷.一般均衡理论的现代发展,包括新制度经济学和信息经济学边际意义上的努力,仍然没有突破原有框架的根本局限.新制度经济学不过是一般均衡理论的现代制度版本,方法上仍然继承了新古典的衣钵.信息经济学将信息理解为一种商品的方法,忽略了无知的知识问题,同样无法为理解真实世界的许多现象提供合适解释.     

Creationism versus Evolutionism in Economics: Societal Consequences of Economic Doctrine

In the 1940s and 1950s, institutionalist economists rapidly lost their influence over American economics. In parallel, a new mainstream emerged, and the institutionalists were extremely dissatisfied with the path taken by the economic science. We analyze the opinions and feelings about this context to shed light on the institutionalists’ understanding of the new mainstream economics. We construct a historical account of the institutionalists’ dissatisfaction with post-war economics based on archival material from the personal papers of Allan Gruchy, John Gambs, John Blair, and Clarence Ayres. In the period analyzed, the economists, who would later found the Association for Evolutionary Economics, acted as dissenters rather than institutionalists. In part, this explains the pluralistic path that the association has followed ever since its foundation.     

Economic Theory as a Guideline for Government Intervention and Control: Comment

This paper provides an institutionalist analysis of the impasse over labor issues that has stalled much needed reform of U.S. immigration policy. While it is unlikely that institutional economics can dislodge a century of conventional wisdom regarding the impact of immigrants on the labor market, a more modest goal is to refute the mainstream economic assertion that what the United States needs to do is to reduce the supply of immigrants, a conclusion that fuels the disgraceful "war on immigrants" that has long plagued reasonable debate over immigration policy.     

The Circular Economy and Institutional Economics: Compatibility and Complementarity

The notion of a circular economy (CE) developed out of the work of Kenneth Boulding and others concerned about Earth’s limited resources and its capacity for regeneration. The concept has recently become the heart of an economic perspective influencing governments, companies, and researchers. Core topics examined by those researchers include resource use, economic value, and systems thinking. The CE literature and the tradition of institutional economics (IE) have important elements of compatibility and complementarity which we examine in this article. There are also opportunities for collaboration between CE and IE.     

制度变迁理论的比较与综合--新制度经济学与马克思主义经济学的视角

从经济人和社会人的基本假设、方法论和制度变迁动力与方式异同的角度,对新制度经济学和马克思主义经济学的制度变迁理论进行比较分析和综合,得出以下结论:可以坚持经济人基本假设,将经济理性看作是个人学习与外部环境的互动来考察,将文化、伦理、社会性等作为结构和环境等制约因素,引入到对经济人的分析中;诺斯和马克思理论中的制度变迁动力说,都表达了对学习和知识存量的重视;两种制度变迁动力说,各有其适应的层次和范围;自然禀赋等非制度因素对制度变迁的影响不可忽视。     

经济发展的新制度经济学:一个根本性的批判

本文将对关于制度与经济发展的新制度经济学文献提供一个根本性的批判.作者认为,既有的文献有四宗罪(四大缺陷),而其中每个缺陷都包含更具体的不足.这四大缺陷是:概念化和度量问题、理论严谨性不足、现代辉格式神话,以及对制度变迁与发展的非进化的理解.正是这四宗罪使得新制度经济学无法给出一个关于经济发展的制度基础的系统性阐述.这一根本性批评将为作者在别的地方系统性地阐述经济发展的制度基础奠定部分基础.     

新发展理念与中国改革的制度探索——中国制度经济学论坛(2019)综述

<正>党的十九大报告指出,在贯彻落实新时代中国特色社会主义思想的实践中,要坚持新发展理念,坚持和完善我国社会主义基本经济制度和分配制度。因此,从中国经济进入新常态以来,怎样进一步平衡好政府调控和市场配置之间的关系,怎样激活整个社会的创新能力从而引导经济转向高质量的长期发展,怎样在经济全球化的大背景下发展更高层次的开放型经济,对制度经济学界提出了新的论题。为了深入探讨这些问题,制度经济学相关领域的专家学者汇聚一堂,并由山     

The Place of Biotechnology in Modern Civilization: A Veblenian Analysis of Public Misgiving Toward Embryology in the United States

Embryonic stem cell research and cloning are among the most controversial and ethically-loaded scientific advances of the past few decades. This paper argues that, in the context of recent theoretical developments in anthropology and cognitive psychology, Thorstein Veblen's work on the place of science in modern societies can provide a theoretical framework to study public misgiving toward embryology in the United States. It is argued that combining insights regarding human cognitive predisposition toward ritualization offered by Veblen with evolutionary theory on hazard-precaution systems and religious cognition may shed some light on the "peculiarity" of the initial public responses to embryology. Ultimately, this paper contends that understanding that initial reactions to embryology may follow a cognitive path of least resistance signifies that assessing the legitimacy of embryology will necessitate a deliberate effort toward instrumental thinking that may go against human cognitive predispositions.     

Institutional Economics as Theory of Policy Change: Impact of Past Policy Failures on Present Policy

Social scientists have developed several theories for understanding or evaluating policy change over time. Since all costs or benefits are not internalized owing to positive transaction costs, policymaking is always implemented under cost underestimation conditions and, therefore, is imperfect. I call this trait policy failure in this article. Furthermore, I show that a new framework combining the social costs approach and the legal/economic approach in institutional economics is suitable and can be applied to evaluating how past policy failures affect present policy, providing as an example the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan.     

正确认识现代西方经济学

钱颖一（1981年毕业于清华大学数学专业。1982年获得美国哥伦比亚大学统计学硕士。1984年获得耶鲁大学运筹学／管理科学硕士。1990年获哈佛大学经济学博士学位。1990年至1999年任斯坦福大学经济系助理教授。他的主要研究领域包括组织和制度经济学、转轨经济学以及中国的经济改革和发展。1999年至2001年任马里兰大学经济系教授。2001年至今任伯克利加州大学经济系教授。同时任清华大学经济管理学院特聘教授和清华大学中国与世界经济研究中心教授、研究员。——编者注)认为，现代西方经济学代表了一种研究经济行为和现象的分析方法或框架，并认为它由三个主要部分组成：视角、参照系或基准点和分析工具。笔者针对现代西方经济学这三个部分进行了深入的分析，认为现代西方经济学的理论分析框架，从视角、参照系到分析工具处处体现出了强烈的非科学甚至反科学的倾向，其理论除了为资本主义制度辩护和让发展中国家屈从于国际垄断资本外，别无价值。     

西方新制度经济学企业理论的演进及其存在的缺陷

针对新古典经济学中的企业假设,科斯运用交易费用的分析方法对企业的性质作了开创性的分析,界定了企业和市场的关系,这标志着现代企业理论的产生。循着科斯的分析思路,现代企业理论沿着企业和市场的关系、纵向一体化、不完全契约与团队理论、代理理论、治理理论两个理论分支不断发展和深化。现代企业的产生及演进虽丰富了微观经济学的内容,但该理论在分析方法、分析内容等方面仍存在有某些缺陷。     

城市黑车治理的制度经济学分析

以制度经济学的方法,对城市黑车现象中折射出的问题进行分析与探讨,从市场基础出发,通过简单博弈模型的构建分析黑车经营与管理背后的利益角逐,指出该领域内存在的政府规制俘虏,并针对政府规制的局限,提出从制度构建角度出发,更多运用公共选择的方式,赋予利益表达以制度化的渠道以达成对城市综合性问题的有效治理。     

The 2016 Veblen-Commons Award Recipient: Daniel W. Bromley: Institutional Economics

Institutional economics remains impaired by a lack of agreement as to the meaning of the concept “institution.” At the practical level, this conceptual muddle prevents progress in the crucial task of helping problematic states in Africa, parts of South Asia, and the Middle East. Thousands of refugees seeking to enter Europe are a reminder of the tragic consequences of dysfunctional states. Standard international development programs — emphasizing economic growth and fighting poverty — are counter-productive because they fail to address the underlying institutional incoherence in fragile states. They are flawed because they focus on symptoms rather than reasons. A focus on the reasons for current dysfunctional states would bring attention to the defective institutional architecture — legal relations — that prevents the emergence of economic coherence where dysfunction now reigns. We must help countries craft economic institutions that will improve livelihoods. But conceptual coherence about institutions must first emerge from the academy.     

我国现代农业产业技术体系的建设——基于新制度经济学视角的分析

从新制度经济学视角分析了现代农业产业技术体系建设中的产权制度创新、组织与管理制度创新、激励与约束制度创新,从制度供需两个方面论证了制度创新的必然性,并提出了相关建议。