Engel's Law Reconsidered

Engel's Law expresses a negative stochastic association of the bivariate distribution of income and food share across a population. Among the many different definitions which can be found in the statistical literature four concepts are discussed and tested: Kendall's τ, quadrant dependence, stochastic decreasing conditional food share distribution function and decreasing regression. Only the last one is used in the economic literature, yet it does not imply useful information of the underlying distribution. For linking Engels's Law to micro-economics, stronger concepts of stochastic association are needed. This motivates the empirical study of the proposed alternative concepts of negative association.     

强化水行政执法依法治水

我国是一个水资源紧缺,水旱灾害频繁的国家,防治水害、开发水利是一件关系到国计民生的大事,已成为国家和各地区优先发展的基础产业。但是多年来的实践证明,如果不把水利纳入依法治理的轨道,水资源开发和防治水害等各项事业就会滞后于国民经济的发展,阻碍社会的进步。依法治水,加强水行政执法已是水利事业发展和深化水利改革的重要手段,必须予以足够的重视。     

产品责任法的国际冲突及法律适用问题

随着国际交往的日益密切和国际贸易的不断发展．产品生产和销售日益国际化。由于各国产品责任法规定不一．全球化致使产品责任案件大量发生。文中从世界各国处理涉外产品责任问题的方法为依托,阐述了产品责任法的国际冲突及法律适用问题。     

依法执政是依法治国的政治保证

依法治国是我党建设社会主义法治国家的基本方略。依法执政是在此前提下对执政党提出的必然要求,是实现依法治国的关键,二者具有内在统一性。依法执政是新时期党执政的基本方式,实现依法执政的路径包含培养法治意识、完善法律制度、强化监督机制三方面。     

论法言法语

法言法语不是“法律语言”,而主要是从事法律活动的“言语行为”.法律活动有其行业用语,它与全民词汇的联系便是法律术语.探讨法律术语的规范、价值、事实三大类型.在法律行业语的“贵族化”与“平民化”中,我们选择什么,主张什么?中国法言法语的现状,有术语的泛政治化、话语的晦涩难懂、条款的凭空悬置、判词的千篇一律等问题.这些问题,应该辨证地看待.在思考法言法语的中国化中,寻找其规范性和大众化、精确性与模糊性以及它们的特点和风格等.进一步探讨法律言语的使用,立法要注意规范性与实用性要求；执法和司法过程中,要注意法律言语的中立性、文明性、庄重威严等问题.结论强调了法言法语的易读性和大众化.     

Law commentary case report

Two recent cases have shown that legislative provisions operating in the context of trade union membership rights do not give as extensive a protection as was thought to exist.     

Okun's Law Revisited*

In the light of modern theoretical studies, the negative relationship between output and unemployment may take a nonlinear form, in the sense that changes in output can cause asymmetric changes in the unemployment rate. A regime‐dependent specification of Okun's law, where the inverse relationship between cyclical unemployment and cyclical GDP is allowed to differ across recessions and expansions, is estimated for the US economy. Using both the Hodrick–Prescott filter and a bivariate structural time series model to isolate the cyclical component of the variables of interest, the nonlinear specification is highly significant when tested against the linear alternative independently of the method used for extracting the cycle of unemployment and GDP. The estimation results imply that the contemporaneous effect of growth on unemployment is asymmetric and significantly higher in recessions than in expansions, and shocks to unemployment tend to be more persistent in the expansionary regime.     

重述格雷欣定律

经济学者对格雷欣定律有两种不同的理解,要考证其具体含义必须深入考察格雷欣爵士所处的经济社会背景。通过分析,本文认为该定律是指重量轻、成色差的劣币驱逐了重量足、成色好的良币。另外,本文对格雷欣定律成立的条件进行了具体分析。最后以加洛林王朝的铸币体系在西欧国家的扩散来验证格雷欣定律的成立。     

Law commentary case report

A dispute between an individual union member and his trade union which has been going on for over seven years and which resulted in the member's expulsion because of the application of the Bridlington principles has finally been heard by the House of Lords.     

Labour Law, Tebbit Style

Norman Tebbit's proposals for minor reforms of the trade unions are the first steps of a 'softly softly' approach to drag the reluctant trade union movement into a framework of law that recognises and harnessed its power.     

违反劳动法,赔偿知多少?

<中华人民共和国劳动法>的颁布执行旨在保护劳动者的合法权益,调整劳动关系,赋予劳资双方各自应享有的权利,同时规定双方应履行的义务.在生产经营过程中,劳资双方违反<劳动法>的情况时有发生.相关法律规定,不论用人单位还是劳动者,只要违反<劳动法>就应该做出赔偿.哪些情况用人单位须做赔偿,哪些情况劳动者须做赔偿,赔偿的数额、标准、方式都有哪些?本刊为您做如下总纳:……     

谈《标准化法》的修改

《中华人民共和国标准化法》的颁布距今已有 12年，它对我国企业管理水平和产品质量的提高发挥了重要作用。然而其中部分内容已不适合社会主义市场经济的发展和我国即将“入世”的要求。为此，建议对《标准化法》进行修改。1标准的分类和内容 《标准化法》规定，我国标准体制由国家标准、行业标准、地方标准、企业标准等四级标准构成。但它们是两种不同类型的标准。国家标准、行业标准、地方标准是由政府为了国家和社会利益而出资制定和颁发的，这种具有政府性质的标准，不妨称之为政府标准。企业标准是企业为了本企业利益而制定和颁发的。…     

The Massachusetts Classified Board Law

This study investigates the impact of the Massachusetts Classified Board Law on shareholder wealth. This state law is the first law to explicitly require a change in the structure of the board of directors of every firm within the state. In addition, restrictive rules on replacing members of the board of directors enable directors to insulate themselves from takeover attempts. We find this law decreased share values by 16 percentage points for firms without anti-takeover amendments. However, firms with a golden parachute outperformed firms without golden parachutes by 23 percent. This supports the hypothesis that financial markets consider many firm characteristics when evaluating the impact of state anti-takeover legislation. The management entrenchment hypothesis is supported for firms without prior anti-takeover charter amendments. The shareholder interest hypothesis is supported for firms with golden parachutes.     

《旅游法规》教学方法探析

旅游法规课程对中职导游专业的学生有较大的学习难度,往往成为学生通过导游人员资格考试的"拦路虎"。本文探究了几种行之有效的教学方法:案例教学法、背诵教学法、理论联系实际教学法,以提高学生的学习兴趣。     

要"保护",更要"活力"

"一刀切"式地规定劳动关系,很可能将是法律与市场之间一次生硬而笨拙的对接《劳动合同法》的出台给中国企业界、法律界带来了少见的喧哗与骚动。政府通过立法手段来干预国内目前的劳动关系是有必要的。出让一些所谓的"效率"换取公平与可持续发展,已成为中国社会普遍的共识。转型中的中国社会,在多层面多领域都存在着失衡、失序、失范的现象。从2008年1月1日开始施行的《劳动合同法》,是政府意图在劳动关系领域为中国社会确立一个有公示效应、平衡效应的准则与样板,传递出新一届政府"以人为本"的主旨信号。     

论网络社会中法观念传播对现代法治秩序的重要支撑

网络社会的市场经济基础,决定网络社会法观念的现代性,网络社会法观念传播是我国法治建设的推动力。本文试论网络社会中法观念传播对现代法治秩序的重要意义。     

加强法治建设 提高路政执法能力

依法治路是构建和谐交通的重要特征。没有规范化的法治建设就不可能有和谐的交通秩序,要保障良好的高速公路运营环境,促进社会发展和经济发展,就必须加强法制建设,提高路政执法能力,全面提升路政管理水平和服务水平,努力实现端正执法理念,坚持文明执法,改进执法作风,坚持公正执法,规范执法行为,坚持严格执法的目标。