Hierarchical structures of communication in a network organization

We analyze the intranet communication behavior of members of a company that was deeply committed to the principles of non-hierarchical communication structures and of post-bureaucratic organization. We observe a split between the symbolic activities for creating a non-hierarchical network organization and the actual intranet communication behavior of the organization members. In their daily communication on the intranet, they persistently reproduced hierarchical structures and official channels—elements typically associated with bureaucratic organizations. Further, we find many signals in the content of the intranet messages, reflecting a social hierarchy that has evolved within the organization. Thus, despite rhetoric to the contrary, our findings regarding this communication behavior show that, to all intents and purposes, this particular organization displayed characteristics similar to those of a traditional bureaucratic organization.     

Understanding supplier structural embeddedness: A social network perspective

Despite a significant amount of attention, the potential of supplier structural embeddedness (i.e., the value of the structural position in an extended network) to improve the performance of a buying firm remains poorly understood. This study drew on the social network theory to empirically examine a conceptual framework specifying a relationship between the efforts of a buying firm to understand supplier structural configuration and operational and financial performance. This study also examines how the comprehension of structural embeddedness is transformed into performance for a buying firm through relational embeddedness (i.e., the strength of a dyadic relationship). Survey data collected from companies in the U.S. were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicate that the understanding of the structural dimension does help to enhance operational performance of a buying firm, but it does not lead to better financial performance. Empirical evidence shows that a buying firm does improve the quality of a dyadic relationship between the buying firm and a supplier by understanding how the supplier is connected to other firms and what positional values are produced. Further, relational embeddedness is found to mediate the influence of the enhanced understanding of the structural configuration on operational performance.     

Exploratory analyses of relief and development operations using social networks

We use social networks to explore how structural factors affect humanitarian organizations’ performance in relief and development operations. Analyses of two recent humanitarian disasters show that having pre-established partnerships among implementers, a central coordinator, high connectivity, and few structural holes facilitates coordination and improves performance. Similarly, cost efficiency analyses of 757 development programs reveal that (i) high performance of donors and beneficiaries is positively related to the amount of implementers they interact with, and (ii) programs connected by common actors are more cost efficient. Finally, short path lengths and frequent connections among actors or programs improve performance in humanitarian operations.     

浅谈汽车检测控制系统网络通信的质量和效率

文章主要从汽车检测控制系统的概念及构成、汽车检测控制系统网络通信现状及其技术的应用等方面,对汽车检测控制系统网络通信的质量和效率进行了探讨。     

Structural investigation of supply networks: A social network analysis approach

A system of interconnected buyers and suppliers is better modeled as a network than as a linear chain. In this paper we demonstrate how to use social network analysis to investigate the structural characteristics of supply networks. Our theoretical framework relates key social network analysis metrics to supply network constructs. We apply this framework to the three automotive supply networks reported in Choi and Hong (2002). Each of the supply networks is analyzed in terms of both materials flow and contractual relationships. We compare the social network analysis results with the case-based interpretations in Choi and Hong (2002) and conclude that our framework can both supplement and complement case-based analysis of supply networks.     

Nationality,social network and psychological well-being: expatriates in China

Expatriate social networks constitute an under-emphasized area in expatriate literature. The current study contributes to the expatriate adjustment literature by empirically testing the relationship between expatriate personal networks and psychological well-being. The current study also investigates the hypothesis that expatriates from different cultural backgrounds will establish different social networks and adjust differently in China. A survey of 166 expatriates in China from North America, Europe and other countries in Asia showed significant support for the hypothesis that expatriate network characteristics have a direct and significant influence on expatriate psychological well-being. In addition, as predicted, expatriates in China from different cultural backgrounds (Overseas Chinese, other Asian, North American and European) established personal networks with different characteristics.     

Volatility, growth, and welfare

This paper constructs an endogenous growth model driven by self-fulfilling expectation shocks to explain the stylized fact that the average growth rate of GDP is related negatively to volatility and positively to capacity utilization. The implied welfare gain from further stabilizing the U.S. economy is about a quarter of annual consumption, which is consistent in order of magnitude with estimates based on the empirical studies of Ramey and Ramey (1995) and Alvarez and Jermann (2004). Hence, policies designed to reduce fluctuations can generate large welfare gains because smaller fluctuations are associated with permanently higher rates of growth.     

城市规划、城市空间环境建设与城市社会发展

在社会发展、社会发展目标内涵的基础上,总结了近现代城市规划中蕴涵的社会思想,分析了城市空间环境建设与城市社会发展目标之间的相互作用关系,提出了与城市规划建设相关的社会发展目标,并探讨了有助于实现社会发展目标的城市规划调控与改革的方向.     

具有自动撮合与视频通信的高校就业网站设计

文章针对传统就业网站功能单一、服务起点低、没有充分发挥网络交互通信作用的弊端,提出了一个具有撮合算法和视频通信功能的新型招应聘网络平台的设计,文章介绍了系统的结构、基于模糊向量的撮合算法以及基于对等通信模型的视频功能实现,对同类研究和设计有一定参考作用。     

A model for the influence of social interaction and social support on female expatriates' cross-cultural adjustment

This paper offers a model to describe the way in which female expatriates develop relationships and utilize those relationships to become cross-culturally adjusted. This model includes three predictive components affecting cross-cultural adjustment. The first includes the factors affecting whether a woman is able to form relationships on the expatriate assignment. These antecedents can include the female expatriate's personality, the cultural norms towards women, her language skills and the availability of possible opportunities for interaction. The second component includes the various sources of social interaction and social support (e.g. family members, and host national colleagues). The third component describes the nature of a female expatriate's social interaction and social support (e.g. emotional, informational and instrumental). Practical considerations for multinational organizations sending female expatriates are offered.     

智能电网中电力通信传输网的发展策略

文章分析了现有的电力通信网的通信方式及其主要特点,根据智能电网对光纤传输网络的通信传输要求,论述了智能电网时代光纤传输网络的发展要求和建设方向。     

Skill uncertainty and social inference

Research in psychology indicates that individuals often make inferences regarding unknown individual qualities based on potentially irrelevant (but socially observable) information. This paper explores occupational choices when individuals receive imprecise signals regarding ability and use the observable characteristics of previously successful individuals to infer own ability. Individuals who fail to observe successful predecessors of their same type may underestimate their potential for success in the occupation. We discuss the role of these biases in light of the literature on affirmative action and firm incentives.     

Diffusion of environmental business practices: A network approach

The purpose of this research is to build a conceptual foundation that examines network effects on the diffusion of environmental business practices (EBP) among suppliers. This research extends a network perspective to adoption of an environmental business practice across a large network of suppliers. The context of EBP is used to better understand adoption of a complex business practice, with perceived costs that are often greater than the perceived benefit. Variation in the level of structural and relationship embeddedness affect network diffusion of environmental business practices differently. Increased levels of structural and relational embeddedness are proposed to be positively associated with diffusion of EBP. From a practical standpoint, firms that leverage embeddedness may facilitate higher diffusion and adoption of environmental business practices. This facilitation may lead network actors to engage in EBP, and leverage benefits that may stem from these practices. This research introduces the concept of embeddedness to the environmental supply chain literature. Practicing managers can use the findings in this research to better position themselves within a network to diffuse EBP. This research also helps managers understand how supply chain members that are weakly connected to the primary network are important for introducing new ideas and innovations.     

强制、社会规范和会计诚信缺失的行为分析及启示

近年来出现的会计诚信缺失现象,引起了政府和社会各界高度关注。会计造假折射出会计人员职业道德存在严重滑坡。本文试图应用心理学、行为学的方法将会计人员分为不同层次,并扩展“成本—效益”模型,分别从强制和社会规范角度对不同层次会计人员造假行为进行分析,以寻求治理会计诚信缺失的对策。     

Social distance,heterogeneity and social interactions

A crucial ingredient in social interaction models is the structure of peer groups, which link individuals with similar characteristics. We propose and study a dynamic binary choice model with social interactions in which heterogeneity of peer group effects is modeled introducing diversity in individual characteristics and linking pairwise influences to a social distance between individuals. Our framework allows for mimetic as well as anti-mimetic interactions and a heterogeneous structure of peer groups across individuals. Dynamic equilibria are studied in the limit when the number of agents is large. We show that the model exhibits multiple equilibria resulting from conflicts between various group pressures the individuals are subjected to. We study in particular the correlation in the population at equilibrium between the characteristics of the agents and their decisions: this quantity has an interesting empirical interpretation and solves a simple analytical equation when the number of agents is large. Finally we discuss the empirical content of the model and present a consistent estimator for the parameter describing which is consistent for any typical population regardless of the structure of individual characteristics.     

基于北斗卫星定位系统的移动社交网络平台设计

文章介绍了移动社交网络平台的设计方案及相关技术,并对其关键技术的实现进行了探讨。     

乡镇移民安置与社会网络支持

广义上 ,移民安置不仅包括生产生活的调整和文化整合 ,还暗含着社会关系网络的重建。针对社会关系网络中断后移民所出现的种种社会适应不良 ,本文建议通过发掘个人社会网络资源 ,来实现移民安置的自我解决 ;并构筑社会保障和制度支持网 ,给予移民安置外部支撑     

资本主义与城市社会变迁--新马克思主义城市理论视角

新马克思主义城市理论是对20世纪60年代以来西方城市社会发展和变迁中出现的城市问题进行的一种理论解读.它认为在现代资本主义社会,城市屈从于一个更大系统,是资本主义体系的一部分,对城市的理解和认识必须放到资本主义生产方式理论框架下去考察,资本主义体系包含着内在的基本矛盾,正是这些基本矛盾影响并决定着资本主义城市社会的发展,城市的变迁连接、反映并调节着资本主义基本矛盾,是与资本积累、资本循环、劳动力再生产等资本主义运作过程相联系的,体现了资本主义的运作逻辑.新马克思主义城市理论发展并创新了马克思主义理论,为丰富和发展城市社会学理论做出了很大贡献.     

Time-inconsistent preferences and social security: Revisited in continuous time

?mrohoro?lu et al. (2003) prove that it is impossible in a three period partial equilibrium model for social security to improve the welfare of a naive quasi-hyperbolic agent if the program has a negative net present value. This paper first generalizes their impossibility theorem to a continuous time setting and then proves analytically that no discount function exists that can rationalize a social security program with a negative net present value.     

简析西门子最新PLC通信应用

我国是世界上拥有机床设备数量最多的国家,每年将有几十万台老旧设备需要改造,改造费用高达几百亿元。装备维修与改造行业己经成为国民经济新的增长点,而这无疑给PLC及其网络技术的发展与应用提供了一片广阔天地。因此,用什么方式可以实现不同厂家不同型号的PLC共同组成生产过程的集中监控系统,还具有很大的开发前景。