交通基础设施建设与企业融资约束——基于高铁开通的准自然实验

本文基于信息不对称视角,以2009～2017年中国沪深A股上市公司为样本,考察了高铁开通对企业融资约束的影响及内在机理.研究发现:高铁开通有助于缓解企业的融资约束.机制检验发现,高铁开通对于企业融资约束的缓解作用在盈余管理程度更高的企业、规模更小的企业、位于较低经济水平城市的企业中更加明显,说明高铁的开通带来的信息不对称下降是缓解企业融资约束的重要原因.考虑了产权性质和外部利益相关者的影响后发现,高铁开通对企业融资约束的影响在非国有企业、媒体关注度较低和机构投资者实地调研较少的企业中更显著.本文的研究拓展了高铁研究的视角,为重大基础设施建设对微观企业行为的影响提供了新的经验证据.     

行业变更对企业融资约束的影响研究

本文将选取我国A股上市公司2010—2018年数据,分析了行业变更对企业融资约束的影响,并分不同类型的行业变更进行分组讨论.研究发现,行业变更对企业融资约束存在减缓作用.分变更方向,向高级行业变更会加剧企业融资约束,向低级行业变更会减缓企业融资约束;分变更动机,主动行业变更能缓解企业融资约束,被动行业变更会加剧融资约束.     

信息披露质量、代理成本与企业融资约束——来自深圳证券市场的经验证据

信息不对称和代理成本是融资约束产生的原因,而信息披露质量对于信息不对称和代理成本有着重要影响.本文利用深圳证券交易所2007～2011年上市公司的数据,实证分析了信息披露质量与融资约束的关系.结果显示:信息披露质量的提高可以减轻企业的信息不对称程度,并降低企业的代理成本;企业普遍存在融资约束现象,但信息披露质量的提高能够显著缓解企业的融资约束.     

审计师声誉、审计意见与上市公司融资约束

文章以我国2007—2012年上市公司数据为研究样本,利用Almeida et al.（2004）现金—现金流敏感度融资约束模型进行实证研究,探讨审计师声誉、审计意见对融资约束的影响。研究发现,标准无保留审计意见能显著缓解上市公司面临的融资约束状况;相对于低声誉审计师,高声誉审计师发表的标准无保留审计意见能够更显著地降低信息不对称、缓解融资约束。本研究有助于丰富融资约束和审计师声誉的研究内容,为上市公司缓解融资约束提供了新的角度,对资本市场和本土事务所的发展亦有一定的启示意义。     

债券融资、信息不对称与融资约束——基于非金融上市公司的实证研究

运用非金融上市公司的实证数据,研究了债券融资对企业融资约束的影响。理论分析表明:上市公司通过债券融资提高了信息披露水平,从而缓解了信息不对称,同时发行债券为其提供了更多的现金流,两方面的结合可以缓解其面临的融资约束,实证结果支持了这一结论。进一步将样本公司划分为高信息不对称组和低信息不对称组,实证结果显示:债券融资对高信息不对称组的融资约束缓解作用显著大于低信息不对称组。     

战略变革对企业融资约束的影响——基于管理层能力的调节作用

复杂多变的资本市场使战略变革成为企业的重中之重,公司需要不断调整资源配置方式、改变组织发展方向来增强核心竞争力并实现企业目标。以我国2008—2018年沪深A股上市公司数据为研究样本,采用数据包络分析法衡量管理层能力,探讨战略变革对企业融资约束的影响以及管理层能力对其关系的调节效应。研究发现:公司战略变革幅度越大,企业面临的融资约束越严重,融资难度越大;而较强的管理层能力能弱化战略变革对企业融资约束的影响。进一步对内在机制的研究表明,信息不对称在战略变革影响企业融资约束的过程中发挥了中介传导作用,降低企业信息不对称是管理层能力发挥作用的路径机理。研究结论为企业合理配置关键性战略资源、缓解融资约束及管理层能力相关研究提供了经验证据。     

产业集聚对企业融资约束影响效应研究——来自中国制造业上市公司的经验数据

本文基于产业集聚相关理论的视角,利用我国在沪深交易所上市的制造业公司2006-20122006 2012年的面板数据,对产业集聚对于企业融资约束的影响效应进行了理论探索与实证分析。研究结果表明:从整体上看,产业集聚能够显著降低企业面临的融资约束水平,但这种影响效应对不同所有权性质的企业以及不同规模的企业存在显著差别,其中产业集聚对于民营企业融资约束的缓解作用强于国有企业,对大规模企业融资约束的缓解作用强于小规模企业。     

我国营商环境对中小板企业上市公司融资约束的影响研究

缓解融资约束是影响中小企业生存和发展的关键因素之一,其对我国的经济发展做出巨大贡献,如何缓解中小企业所面临的融资约束已成为学术界关注的热点问题.营商环境作为企业生存与发展的基础性外部环境,改善营商环境,能否缓解中小企业融资约束是本文的研究问题.本文以2009—2019年非金融类中小企业板上市公司的数据为样本,构建了投资...     

内部资本市场缓解融资约束的实证研究

本文以整体上市的企业集团作为研究对象,试图探讨我国内部资本市场在缓解融资约束方面的作用。研究结果表明,已整体上市的集团公司比未整体上市的集团公司控制的上市公司面临的融资约束大;已整体上市的集团公司中,民营性质的集团公司比国有性质的集团公司面临的融资约束大。     

Independent director tenure and corporate transparency

We examine the impact of independent director tenure on corporate transparency. Using a sample of 12,423 firm-year observations from 1997 to 2017, we find that corporate transparency increases in independent director tenure. The results are robust to various variable definitions and model specifications, providing strong evidence supporting the Expertise hypothesis that long-tenured independent directors are better monitors and advisors. We conclude that long-tenured directors benefit firms and their investors by enhancing firm transparency and reducing information risk. Capping independent director tenure is not always beneficial.     

The ethics of corporate governance in public sector organizations

The current climate of increased accountability in public sector organizations has brought to public attention the ethical dimension of corporate governance. This article presents a conceptually informed method for undertaking of an ethically focused audit corporate governance. The conceptual-theoretical terrain is set out in three dimensions: ethics as applied moral philosophy; equity as social justice; and corporate governance as the moral health of an organization. At an operational level, the conceptual model proposed provides a framework to evaluate the overall integrity of an organization and embraces the inter-related themes of individual responsibility, social equity and political responsibility. A method for ethical audits is also set out. It emphasizes the significance of key personnel in (re)producing and challenging the organizational ethos, while recognizing the necessary limitations placed on researchers' commitment to anonymity and confidentiality in the collection, interpretation and analysis of data, and in the eventual sharing of such data.     

Financial constraints and corporate investments during the current financial and economic crisis: The credit crunch and investment decisions of Slovenian firms

We investigate the effect of financial constraints on the investment decisions of Slovenian firms during the current financial and economic crisis. By estimating the error-correction model and the Euler-equation specification, we found that corporate investments were significantly affected by financial constraints during the crisis. The effect of financial constraints intensified in 2009 and alleviated slightly in 2010, although still being significantly more intense than before the crisis hit the economy. By estimating a switching regression model with unknown sample separation that enabled us to address the problem of judgemental sample separation, we were also able to estimate the error-correction model separately for financially constrained and financially unconstrained firms. The results indicate that financial constraints have a significant effect on both financially constrained and financially unconstrained firms, although corporate investments were more severely affected in financially constrained firms.     

公共政策运行中的信息不对称及其治理

我国城市公共政策在运行过程中,普遍存在着信息不对称的问题,其形成原因主要包括政府自利性、科层制的局限性、信息传递通道不畅以及信息成本高。信息不对称对城市公共政策的制定、执行、评估、监控和终结等有着重要的消极影响,可能导致政策失效,应通过不同方式加以治理。     

内部人控制、整体上市与资源配置效率——TCL集团整体上市的案例研究

TCL集团股份有限公司通过吸收合并TCL通讯(000542)实现整体上市这场看似保护公众股东利益的整体上市,却由于集团公司受内部人控制,且自身盈利能力较弱,而不仅损害了新公众股东的财富,从长期来看,原公众股东的利益也蒙受了损失。内部人控制下的过度扩张是导致这一结果的重要原因。     

会计公共关系与财务公共关系探悉

会计公共关系与财务公共关系都源于现代公共关系,就微观意义而言其两者的涵义基本一致。因此,大都视财务公共关系与会计公共关系是同一概念,这种观点限制阻碍了会计学和财务管理学的学科建设及其实践活动。以“大会计”的观点,两者既有区别又相互联系。本文从两者的概念、范畴、特性入手分析了两者的区别和联系,提出了要树立良好的财务形象和企业形象,增强企业竞争力,必须协调好公共关系的观点。     

Earnings quality and corporate payout policy linkages: An Indian context

We investigate the role of accounting quality as an antecedent of dividend payout decision of firms, for both dividend levels and dividend event, in an emerging market context. Using the data for Indian firms through the years 2006–2016, we evaluate the impact of discretionary accruals on payout decision employing Tobit and Logit regression models amid set of idiosyncratic controls. We report that better earnings quality, on average, is associated with large dividend payments for Indian firms. Moreover, the likelihood of dividend payment reduces with poor earnings quality and more so when earnings manipulation is done to increase earnings. Nonetheless, we show that higher earnings quality reduces dividends during the crisis period and also for group-affiliated firms. However, the same doesn’t hold true for dividend likelihood. The relationship is robust to the idiosyncratic controls and the causality test confirms that results are not susceptible to endogeneity issue. Overall, we conclude that better earnings quality takes care of free cash flow problems and alleviates the agency and information asymmetry related costs, thereby stimulating payout policy.     

中国加快推进“走出去”战略的必要性及措施

随着中国经济的发展,我们在引进外资的同时也开始鼓励企业"走出去"进行对外直接投资(FDI)。尤其是2008年的金融危机爆发后,世界经济一直处于不景气状态,这就导致了贸易保护主义的抬头。各国的贸易壁垒有不同程度的抬高,致使贸易摩擦不断。在这种大背景下,中国企业要想进一步占领国外市场,就必须改变传统的出口方式,通过对外直接投资来绕过贸易壁垒。此外,由于金融危机的影响,使对外直接投资尤其是跨国并购的门槛降低,更有利于企业通过对外直接投资来增强自身实力。     

Institutional quality and corporate financing decisions around the world

We investigate the influence of the recent comprehensive institutional quality dimensions of Karolyi (2015), such as market capacity, operational efficiency, foreign accessibility, corporate transparency, legal protection, and political stability, on financing decisions of firms across 56 countries between 2000 and 2015. We find that stronger institutional quality or lower fundamental risks in a country ease firms' access to long-term debt, and equity financing. We attribute our results to institutional environments influencing financing decisions by shaping the severity of market frictions, such as agency conflicts and information asymmetry, and transaction costs. As a result, we conclude that any improvement in a country's institutional environment will boost firms' access to long-term financing, and thus longer-term investments that promote countries' economic growth will be more feasible. Our findings are robust to potential endogeneity issues.     

论权利本位原则在公司理财中的运用

社会治理的权利本位原则,为公司理财中坚持权利本位原则提供了政治前提。在权利本位原则下,能有效地激发公司利益相关者强烈的权利意识和参与公司治理的积极性和主动性,有利于提高公司理财绩效。本人认为坚持权利本位原则,主要从建立权利制约权力的公司制衡机制、实现利益相关者满意的理财目标、转换公司理财的“人性”立场方面进行探索和研究。