基于多源全样本数据的深圳市过剩通勤空间特征研究

随着我国社会经济的快速发展,国内大型城市"职住分离"程度持续增大,深圳市作为一线城市,人口规模大,经济发展迅速,同样存在一定程度的"职住分离"状况,产生了通勤过剩现象.以深圳市为研究对象,运用线性规划模型和空间分析等方法对深圳市多源全样本人口数据进行分析,计算深圳市过剩通勤指标,分析深圳市过剩通勤空间特征.研究结果表明深圳市过剩通勤处于较高水平,但整体通勤消耗率中等,城市过剩通勤存在空间分异情况.本研究可服务于城市规划和城市交通规划,对评价和优化深圳市职住空间提供重要的参考,同时为深圳市改善城市交通问题、合理制定规划政策提供重要依据.     

住房成本、通勤成本及群体需求异质性研究——以天津市为例

在制度转型和城市空间扩张背景下,研究城市居民住房成本与通勤成本空间互动关系及群体需求差异,能够为城市住房政策和交通规划管理提供决策依据。基于《2016年天津市交通与住房调查问卷》数据,构建住房需求函数,探讨不同类型城市居民住房成本与通勤成本在城市空间结构中的互动关系。结果显示:住房成本与通勤成本显著负相关,但不同类型城市居民对二者之间的替代关系存在较大差异,其中住房补贴、通勤方式及职业类型等属性对居民住房成本与通勤成本之间替代关系具有较大影响。因此,从引导住房消费合理分层、优化公共交通体系功能层次及布局、推进城市副中心建设等方面提出政策建议,促进城市居民职住平衡。     

我国城市居民通勤特征与通勤方式选择行为研究--基于天津市的微观调查数据

基于《2017年天津市居民住房与交通状况调查问卷》微观数据,利用空间插值法刻画天津市居民通勤特征,并构建MNL模型分析居民通勤方式选择行为的影响因素。结果显示:天津市居民通勤距离由内向外呈跳跃式衰减圈层结构,居住中心性与就业岗位郊区化并存;跨区域通勤以内部通勤为主,侧面通勤、逆通勤为辅;非机动化程度较低,以共享单车为主体的绿色出行模式初现;通勤距离、私家车及自行车、电动车拥有状况、性别、受教育程度等因素对居民通勤方式选择行为影响显著。基于此,从优化城市空间布局、完善城市公共交通体系、打造慢行交通系统等方面提出对策建议。     

基于手机信令的大城市边缘区职住关系及通勤特征研究——以武汉花山生态新城为例

大城市边缘区新城具有疏解中心城区人口及产业的作用，有效识别新城居住者与就业者的职住空间分布特征、明确他们往来新城与周边其他区域的通勤特征，对于促进其在一定范围内达到职住平衡具有积极意义。本文以武汉花山生态新城为研究对象，基于手机信令数据，对新城内居住者和就业者的职住空间布局、通勤关系进行测度分析，以辨明职住关系与通勤特征。为此类大城市边缘区新城土地利用规划调整、交通设施合理布局提供基础，最终促使新城在一定范围内趋于职住平衡，健康可持续发展。     

北京市职住分离及其影响因素分析

采用北京交通发展研究中心开展的家庭居民交通行为调查(2013年),并结合第三次全国经济普查数据,讨论了家庭收入、房屋类型、通勤方式等6个变量的职住分离特征及其差异,用多元回归分析的方法系统分析各变量同通勤时间之间的关系。结果显示:(1)随着收入的增加,通勤时间和距离呈上升趋势;家庭收入在居住区位选择、房屋类型、通勤方式以及通勤距离和时间等方面具有决定性作用。(2)租住房屋、单位房、经济适用房和商品房的通勤时间和距离依次呈上升趋势,住房制度的历史路径依赖仍然存在,用地市场化驱动的城市空间结构趋向分散,职住空间重构具有一定的一致性。(3)通勤时间基本呈现公司员工商业服务业事业单位自由职业的格局。(4)通勤时间和距离与职住比、通勤方式、性别、职业类型、房屋类型、年家庭收入等变量线性关系显著,同年龄、就业密度线性关系不显著。(5)随着职住比的增加,通勤时间呈现先下降后上升的"U"型结构。     

基于问卷调查的北京市居民通勤状况分析

城市通勤问题不仅影响着居民的幸福指数,而且还决定着城市的运行效率以及城市空间结构的优化,因此是提升居民生存质量,提高城市运行效率继而整体功能的关键切入点。近年来北京市经济社会发展取得了突出的成就,但交通拥堵、通勤不畅,已经成为影响居民生活质量、困扰城市可持续发展的严重问题。本文通过问卷调查和访谈法,设置通勤时间、通勤距离、通勤类型以及居民满意度等指标,揭示北京市通勤状况及存在的问题,从而为城市空间结构调整、功能更新、城市交通规划以及居民职住均衡抉择,提供决策依据。     

公共交通网络下的城市中低收入人群就业可达性研究

便宜、快速、方便的大城市公共交通系统与长时间、长距离通勤、上下班高峰期"交通拥堵"并存是目前中国大城市发展中面临的主要城市问题。居住与就业的空间失配(职住失衡)被认为是导致以上问题的重要原因之一。以就业可达性方法来测度城市居民的居住与就业(职住)空间关系,并以广州为例,揭示公共交通系统网络下,中低收入人群职住空间关系的特征和差异,以为城市公共住房、公共交通、产业等规划和政策的制定提供有益参考。基于广州案例有两个发现:第一,低可达性人数多于高可达性人数。其中,低可达性"蓝领"较"粉领"多,且其主要居住在非中心城区;而居住在中心城区的高可达性"粉领"人数较"蓝领"多。第二,与国外大城市相似,居住在中心城区能给广州中低收入人群带来一定的就业可达性优势。不同点在于,居住在广州非中心城区的高可达性"蓝领"人数多于居住在中心城区的高可达性"蓝领"。     

城市居民收入对通勤时间的影响——基于2014年CFPS数据的研究

城市社会转型过程中,不同收入群体的职住空间分化与通勤行为差异增加,目前已有研究对于收入对通勤的影响存在争议。基于2014年的中国家庭追踪调查数据,定量描述和分析了全国、区域和省级尺度下居民的通勤格局,并探讨了居民收入与通勤时间的关系。研究表明:(1)我国城市居民2014年平均通勤时间为20.68分钟,并且存在较大的区域与省级差异。(2)收入对居民通勤行为具有正向的影响,收入越高通勤时间越长。(3)通勤还受到年龄、性别、教育程度等社会经济属性和住房属性的影响。     

中国大城市职住分离现象及其特征——以北京市为例

以北京为案例城市,基于2007年对北京市内600户家庭的问卷调查数据,以居住地和就业地之间的直线距离--职住距离(job-housing distance) 为职住分离程度的测度指标,描述了北京市职住分离格局,除社会经济属性外,重点比较了不同居住社区类型、住房产权属性、居住搬迁年份的居民的职住分离程度,以期反映影响居民就业可迭性的制度性和结构性因素.     

北京外溢人口通勤特征

进入21世纪以来,大量北京人口外溢到周边河北地区生活居住,其通勤现象已经成为全社会普遍关注的热点问题。调查结果显示:三河、固安、涿州、香河等地是北京外溢人口的主要聚集地,其主要来自北京东南一带的东城、西城、朝阳、丰台、通州五大城区,并具有明显的空间集聚特征;北京外溢人口职住分离现象严重,平均单程通勤时间达到100.19min;从区域空间分布特征上来看,通勤人口出发地与目的地之间存在明显的相关性,通勤流在空间上主要呈现东南高、西北低的分布特点,通勤时间在空间上主要呈现东南低、西北高的特点,与通勤流成反比;总体而言,通勤距离越短,通勤人口比例规模越大,职住分离程度也相对越轻。     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

The Creation of the Office for National Statistics

A new Office for National Statistics was created in the United Kingdom in 1996 following a series of developments designed to strengthen the relevance and integrity of statistics. This paper describes these fundamental changes and sets out a blueprint for future progress. It also sets current developments in the United Kingdom in an historical and international context.     

What helps? Women engineers' accounts of staying on

We have considerable understanding of the obstacles that women engineers encounter and the reasons that they leave the field, but we know less about what enables them to remain. Adopting an interpretivist approach, this article examines how a group of British women engineers in two FTSE 100 companies account for “staying on” in their male‐dominated work settings. We delineate four specific forms of help that facilitate women's retention in the field. We argue that exposure to help leads to women developing a habitus that enables them to continue working in engineering. To conclude, we draw on our findings to outline HR practices that will facilitate supportive relationships in the workplace and pave the way towards developing more positive organisational climates.     

论现代物流企业的发展观

物流业经过诸多年的发展目前已经成为最热门的行业之一,物流企业的注册数量也与日俱增,达到前所未有的规模。毋庸置疑,任何企业都希望自己迅速做强做大,并成为真正现代物流企业的典型代表,要实现这一目标一个首要问题就是要解决现代物流企业的发展观问题。     

浅谈大体积混凝土裂缝的控制

大体积混凝土的裂缝问题是实际工程中长期困扰工程技术人员的问题,其控制技术的研究是混凝土结构研究的热点问题,具有重大的学术价值和潜伏的工程背景。     

Supply Chain Strategies in the UK Fashion Industry—The Rhetoric of Partnership and Realities of Power

This paper focuses on the fashion industry, one characterised by issues such as dramatic shifts in the scale and power of major retail buyers in the market, the advent of retailer own brands, and the nature of sourcing and supply chain decisions, issues that are increasingly global in nature. The aim of this research is to explore the nature of relationships between UK high street multiple fashion retailers and their contracted suppliers, many of whom are entrepreneurial firms by most definitions of the term. Four core themes emerge from the literature and provide a framework for the research, namely, power, process, partnership, and people. The research approach was qualitative, and conducted over a period of twelve months. The paper ends with an agenda for future research.