发展浙江私营生产企业出口的思考

浙江是个私经济发达的省份。１９９９年个私经济实现的工业产值和国内生产总值已分别占全省的５３．３％和３１．１％，然而，其出口占全省的比例却很低，与浙江这样一个外向型经济发达的私营经济大省的地位很不相称。针对这一现状，本文从理论和实践两个层面上进上步阐述了发展浙江私营生产企业出口的重要意义，具体地分析浙江发展私营生产企业出口特有的四大优势和制约浙江私营生产企业出口发展的主要因素，针对性地提出了发浙江私     

Training older workers: resource‐oriented strategies

The goal of this paper is to outline resource‐oriented strategies which may help practitioners provide training that caters for the needs of older workers. Building on resource‐oriented frameworks, we review research that directly or indirectly examines the relationship between age and training performance. We identify three personal and three organizational resources which support training performance and participation. The personal resources comprise prior experience, individual characteristics and personal strategies. The organizational resources comprise providing room for time control and autonomy in training, supporting learning‐inclined team climates and participative training designs. Practical recommendations focus on personal and organizational resource assessments and personal and structural interventions to optimize resource constellations at the personal and organizational level.     

Export Stages and Export Barriers: Revisiting Traditional Export Development

This study revisits the stage model dialogue by testing seven hypotheses on the relationship between stages of export development and the influence of export barriers. Empirical data are based on a sample of 145 New Zealand firms, and the analysis combines a six‐stage framework with an illustrative list of barriers, while going a step further than previous research by examining the effect of covariates. Empirical results demonstrate that resource constraints, marketing barriers, knowledge and experience barriers, and export‐procedure barriers are “export stage dependent.” However, regarding export‐stage‐dependent barriers, differences exist only when we compare the early to the very advanced stages of development. These results also refute the grand hypothesis, which suggests an inverse relationship between export stages and the influence of export barriers. While the stage model typology still provides a practicable basis for need‐based segmentation, it does not capture completely the heterogeneity associated with the middle stages. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Perceived Export Problems and Export Involvement:

A relatively limited amount of empirical research has focused on problems and issues pertaining to exporting from countries not associated with an advanced level of economic development. This paper reports on a systematic study of problems experienced by Greek exporting manufacturers in their trading activities with overseas distributors based in European Community (EC). In this context, an attempt is made, firstly, to investigate the underlying structure of exporting problems, and secondly, to examine the extent to which there are significant differences in perceptions of exporting problems based upon the degree of export involvement. A number of significant differences are found to exist in perceived export problems between different exporter categories in terms of export involvement. The implications of the study for business practitioners and public policy makers are highlighted, and future research directions are identified and discussed.     

“莫高”的农业产业化模式——甘肃莫高实业发展股份有限公司农业产业化发展实践

甘肃莫高实业发展股份有限公司是一家集农业产业化、西部大开发和高科技概念的股份公司。该公司注册资本达8240万元,其下设莫高葡萄酒业公司、黄羊河贸易公司、饮马啤酒原料公司、金昌啤酒原料公司、生态农业示范种植园区和祁连山制药公司六个公司。截止到2000年底,莫高股份公司总资产为31407万元,2000年实现主营业务收入21062万元,利税总额达3046万元,净利润达2165万元。2000年莫高公司被甘肃省科学技术厅认定为兰州高新技术开发区高新技术企业,2001年1月被农业部、国家发展计划委员会、国家经济贸易委员会、财政部、对外贸易经济合作部、…     

Impact of Export Promotion on Export Performance:

This study empirically examines the impact of export promotional services on the export performance of manufacturing firms in Tanzania. The results suggest three broad tentative contributions to our understanding of export causal relationships: First, awareness per se of export promotional services is a poor explanatory factor of export performance. Second, as expected, usage of the services is a better explanatory factor than awareness. Third, contrary to expectations, satisfaction with the services tends to be inversely associated, though not significantly, with export performance. More empirical research elsewhere is recommended to validate these results.     

Export transitions

This paper uses a broad multi-country dataset to describe the main stylized facts about export performance in the last four decades. First, transition probability matrices are computed to look at changes in the position of countries at the world distribution of the export to GDP ratio. It finds that transitions toward high export ratios have been mainly experienced by Asian countries, but also that some reformers, like Mexico and Chile, have been able to improve their position relative to other studied economies. African countries mainly sunk to the bottom part of the world distribution, although they constitute only half of the economies with relatively bad export performance. In the consideration of the structural factors that may play an important role for long-run transitions, the results suggest that more open economies and those with better institutions are more likely to move to high export ratios in the long-run. Second, the within-country experiences are analyzed for identifying episodes of export transitions. Using an event study methodology, a very weak association is found between export transitions and investment rate. In contrast, the results suggest that transitions are potentially driven by improvements in financial development. Finally, favorable terms of trade, increments in productivity, and reductions in exchange rate distortions are not found to be a catalyst for export transitions.     

浅析我国蔬菜出口现状及策略

近年来，我国的蔬菜出口逐年加速增长，出口品种日趋多样化，出口市场日益扩大。全球蔬菜需求量的增加和加入WTO又为我国的蔬菜出口提供了新的机遇。但我国的蔬菜出口业仍然存在产品结构单一、质量较差、各出口商之间恶性竞争问题，严重影响我国蔬菜的出口。为适应当今国际蔬菜市场上发展的需要，我国应采取相应的措施，如理顺蔬菜出口管理体制、优化产品结构、提高产品质量等。     

利用出口信用保险促进我国农产品出口

扩大农产品出口,对我国农业经济发展具有重要的意义。出口信用保险是符合世贸组织规则的国际通行的支持商品出口的政策性手段,有助于解决农产品出口中面临的风险大、资金紧张、结构不合理等问题。积极推广利用出口信用保险,可以推动我国农产品出口贸易的发展。     

文化贸易出口持续期如何影响了出口品质

文化贸易出口持续期与文化产品出口品质之间存在何种影响效应?文章基于1996-2013年联合国贸易统计数据库,通过构建文化贸易出口品质和出口持续期指标,实证分析发现:由于文化消费的"理性成瘾"和消费惯性特征,文化贸易出口持续期对出口品质提升具有显著的促进效应。在不同文化产品类别和出口持续期样本中,上述影响效应存在显著的差异,在"退出"、"进入"和"只存在一年"等样本呈现显著的负向抑制效应。此外,文化产品的进口规模、出口目的国文化差异与经济发展水平等因素均与文化出口品质存在显著的影响。本文多种稳健性回归估计验证了上述结论。基于此,如何有效提升中国文化贸易的出口持续期,发挥其对出口品质的促进效应,可能是提高中国文化产品的国际竞争力的关键所在。     

实现工业化的措施分析

走新型工业化道路既不是单纯的思路问题,更不是技术问题,关键还要使经济制度、经济政策等和新型工业化道路的要求相适应--改革开放要有新突破.必须进一步消除目前仍然存在的机制和体制性障碍,完善市场竞争规则.优化企业发展环境,提高劳动者报酬,把需求的欲望和能力建立在有足够支付能力的基础上,否则仍会走回旧工业化道路.工业化,尤其是新型工业化是实现现代化的必经之路,也是当前我国经济和社会发展的基本内容与核心主题.     

出口退税政策对出口贸易的效应分析

本文通过实证分析认为,出口退税政策对出口规模和出口结构具有明显的影响效果,在短期内可将出口退税政策作为我国调节出口贸易的重要手段,但从长期看我国应通过转变出口增长方式和出口结构,以提高出口企业的核心竞争力,保持出口贸易稳定持续发展。     

Export Structure Optimized

The rapid growth of China＇s trade surplus is a reflection of its industrial advancement and growing competitiveness.