Estimating DEA technical and allocative inefficiency using aggregate cost or revenue data

In this paper, we address the question of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) evaluation of efficiency when aggregate cost or revenue data must be used. We show that the DEA technical inefficiency measure using total revenues as the single output variable or total costs as the single input variable equals the aggregate technical and allocative inefficiency. We employ this result to estimate allocative inefficiency and construct statistical tests of the null hypothesis of no allocative inefficiency analogous to those of the null hypothesis of no scale inefficiency. We illustrate our method using revenue and personnel data for the top U.S. public accounting firms over 1995–1998. Our empirical results indicate the existence of statistically significant allocative inefficiency in the public accounting industry.

Generalized quadratic revenue functions

In this paper we focus on the specification of revenue functions in their dual price space. We consider two distance functions–the Shephard output distance function and the directional output distance function–and define both in price space. The former is multiplicative in nature and satisfies homogeneity, whereas the latter is additive and satisfies the translation property. Functional equation methods yield the translog specification in the case of the Shephard distance function and a quadratic specification in the case of the directional distance function. Monte Carlo evidence suggests that the quadratic specification outperforms the translog in large samples and in true models with plenty of curvature.     

A two-dimensional problem of revenue maximization

We consider the problem of finding the mechanism that maximizes the revenue of a seller of multiple objects. This problem turns out to be significantly more complex than the case where there is only a single object (which was solved by Myerson, 1981). The analysis is difficult even in the simplest case studied here, where there are two exclusive objects and a single buyer, with valuations uniformly distributed on triangular domains. We show that the optimal mechanisms are piecewise linear with either 2 or 3 pieces, and obtain explicit formulas for most cases of interest.     

中国铝业大整合 肖亚庆 300亿利税背后

“2006年，销售收入可以超过1000亿，利税肯定会超过300亿。”采访中，问及业绩，中国铝业公司总经理肖亚庆如是说。     

收益管理在酒店中的应用——兼论我国酒店收益管理的误区

收益管理是20世纪80年代在欧美发达国家开始应用的一种先进而成功的管理方法,但我国的研究和应用起步较晚。文章在阐述收益管理的概念和使用条件的基础上,论述了收益管理在酒店业中的应用,并指出了目前我国酒店业应用收益管理所存在的误区。     

The ideal source of local public revenue

Free or underpriced curb parking creates a classic commons problem. Studies have found that between 8% and 74% of cars in congested traffic were cruising in search of curb parking, and that the average time to find a curb space ranged between 3 and 14 min. Cities can eliminate the economic incentive to cruise by charging market-clearing prices for curb parking spaces. Market-priced curb parking can yield between 5% and 8% of the total land rent in a city, and in some neighborhoods can yield more revenue than the property tax.     

overview of OR techniques for airline revenue management

With the increasing interest in decision support systems and the continuous advance of computer science, revenue management is a discipline which has received a great deal of interest in recent years. Although revenue management has seen many new applications throughout the years, the main focus of research continues to be the airline industry. Ever since LITTLEWOOD (1972) first proposed a solution method for the airline revenue management problem, a variety of solution methods have been introduced. In this paper we give an overview of the solution methods presented throughout the literature.     

Estimating matrices

Assume that there is an unknown nonnegative (m, n) matrixB which represents the input-output relations of some economy. Given the row and column sums ofB, an approximationA ofB and some information about the relation ofA andB then the input-output estimating problem is to find a matrixX which has the same row and column sums asB and which is a good estimate for the actual but unknown input-output matrixB. Here we are going to clarify the different meanings of good in the literature and especially develop primal and dual estimating problems. Additionally we present several efficient algorithms solving the estimating problem.Supported by SFB 21 (DFG), Institut für Operations Research, Universität Bonn, W. Germany.     

企业国际化经营的收益比较及模式选择

文章推导并比较了国内经营、出口贸易、水平型国际化经营和垂直型国际化经营等4种不同经营方式下的公司收益差异,定量解释了企业开展跨国经营的经济原因,阐述了企业选择不同国际化经营类型的依据。     

Economic integration and government revenue from financial repression

We study a relationship between economic openness via financial and trade integration and government revenue from financial repression. An implicit budgetary saving, the financial repression revenue, as measured by the stock of government domestic debt multiplied by the difference between effective foreign and domestic interest rate, has declined significantly from the 1980s into the 2000s across the upper-income, the middle-income, and the low-income developing countries. While we find that both the financial and trade openness have a negative association with the financial repression revenue in the panel of countries, the effect of financial openness is stronger and the empirical correlations depend on the quality of governmental and budgetary management.     

C2C电子商务网上零售税收问题分析

主要从C2C(customer to customer)电子商务网上个人卖家、C2C电子商务平台企业以及政府的角度分析了对C2C电子商务网上零售行为征税存在的问题,提出C2C电子商务网上零售税收的解决办法。     

Local taxation and the consequences of revenue distribution patterns

The economy of a small region. is modeled as an eighteen-equation system describing production, consumption, income distribution, factor supply, and a government sector. The government uses: independent taxes on land rents and capital rentals to collect revenue equal to 20% of what land rents would be in an untaxed equilibrium and distributes the revenue to local residents in four different patterns. The distribution of the tax revenue, as well as the mobility of the factor taxed, generates distinct patterns of impacts on regional population, capital stock and production structure wages rents and the incidence of the taxes.     

利用CTAIS系统开展计算机税收审计

根据审计署的统一部署,2002年度国税审计增加了利用CTAIS系统开展计算机辅助审计的内容。审计人员在对某市(以下称A市,所在省称N省)国税局审计时,在逐步了解国税部门的CTAIS系统、金税工程系统、通用报表系统的基础上,就国税部门税收会计统计报表真实性、税收征管等方面利用计算机开展辅助审计工作进行了一些尝试。具体做法如下:一、待征税金、征前减免税金的查询2002年国税部门采用中国税收征收信息系统(CTAIS)对纳税人的申报等信息进行计算机管理,数据集中在地市局(县区局只能进行前台操作),使得审计过程中利用SQL语句对一个地市…     

Mechanisms for dividing labor and sharing revenue in joint ventures

Organizing the productive efforts of firms participating in a joint venture involves assigning firms to tasks according to abilities. A multidimensional incentive problem arises when abilities are private information. In any equilibrium, it is better to be a firm who is a specialist rather than a generalist. However, generalists can expect to receive a larger allocation of revenue. If at least one firm is decisive to the profitability of the joint venture (i.e., if it can make a credible cost announcement that implies the joint venture earns zero profit), then the joint venture will not be able to implement a profit maximizing or cost minimizing production plan.Received: 21 March 2002, Accepted: 26 February 2004, JEL Classification: D82, C78, L23Any views expressed in this paper are not purported to reflect those of the United States Department of Justice. This paper benefited from the helpful comments of a referee and an associated editor.     

The fiscal profitability of urban renewal under matching grants and revenue sharing

This paper calculates the fiscal profitability of urban renewal to the city in which a project is located. Renewal is treated as an investment by the city, yielding negative returns when the project is begun and slums are destroyed, and positive returns when the project is completed. Urban renewal is shown to be profitable to cities, on the average, under the funding system of matching grants used from 1949 to 1974, but not profitable under the special revenue-sharing program established in 1974. Also, the new financing method is a significant step toward increased economic efficiency from a national standpoint.     

Estimating Nested Count Data Models

Count data models have found a wide variety of applications not only in applied economics and finance but also in diverse fields ranging from biometrics to political science. Poisson and negative binomial (NB) models have been extensively used in count data analysis. Two particular NB model specifications, NBI and NBII, have been especially popular. However, these models impose arbitrary restrictions on the relation between the conditional mean and variance of the dependent variable, limiting their generality. This study proposes tests for selection among the Poisson and NB models by formally demonstrating that the log likelihood function (LLF) of a general NB model parametrically nests the LLF of the Poisson, NBI and NBII as testable special cases. It also proposes estimation of the general NB model since it allows greater flexibility in the relationship between the mean and variance of the dependent variable than NBI and NBII. The empirical application, which uses micro-level data on recreational boating, provides support for the paper's main theme. Tests clearly reject not only the Poisson, but also NBI and NBII, in favour of a different NB model, underscoring the importance of the general model specification.     

Estimating a restricted normal mean

Let X ₁, X ₂, ..., X _n be a random sample from a normal distribution with unknown mean μ and known variance σ ². In many practical situations, μ is known a priori to be restricted to a bounded interval, say [−m, m] for some m > 0. The sample mean , then, becomes an inadmissible estimator for μ. It is also not minimax with respect to the squared error loss function. Minimax and other estimators for this problem have been studied by Casella and Strawderman (Ann Stat 9:870–878, 1981), Bickel (Ann Stat 9:1301–1309, 1981) and Gatsonis et al. (Stat Prob Lett 6:21–30, 1987) etc. In this paper, we obtain some new estimators for μ. The case when the variance σ ² is unknown is also studied and various estimators for μ are proposed. Risk performance of all estimators is numerically compared for both the cases when σ ² may be known and unknown.