旅游观看方式与旅游形象塑造

观看方式与目的地旅游形象密切相关.旅游者对目的地的观看方式不同,所形成的旅游形象也就不同.观看方式受世界观、价值、态度、倾向性、信念等因素的影响,是社会文化熏陶的结果.旅游观看方式具有非政治性、非历史性、局部性、肤浅性、浪漫性、男性眼光等特点.只有认真研究不同目标市场旅游者所处的社会文化背景,针对不同的旅游观看特点,才能塑造满足旅游者心理期待和心理想象的旅游形象.     

The Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Tourist Information and Promotion of the Polish Carpathians in Foreign Tourism Markets

The recent years have been a time of rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in tourism. The objective of this article is to analyse and assess the use of ICTs in tourist information and promotion of selected municipalities in the Polish Carpathians, the largest region of mountain tourism in Poland. Particular attention was paid to the activities taken by DMOs, local entrepreneurs and cultural institutions. The use of ICTs in the Polish Carpathians is at a relatively advanced level, but still not sufficient enough to make these solutions a fully effective tool in building a strong regional brand in the international tourism markets.     

The Collective Effect of National Culture and Tourist Culture on Tourist Behavior

Cross-cultural understanding in tourism is a well-researched area, but in spite of great amount of time and money spent on cross-cultural training programs, this study suggests miscommunication continues to exist, caused by differences between expected and actual host or guest behavior. A gap, therefore, appears to exist between theory and practice. This article argues that much of this gap can be attributed to international tourists behaving in a manner that diverges from their expected cultural norms when they travel. They join a temporary “tourist culture” that sanctions, and indeed, encourages alternate behavior. Tourist behavior, therefore, represents a combination of national and “tourist” cultures. This proposition is tested by comparing the expected and actual behavior of Korean tourists visiting Australia. The study found that both tourists and frontline hotel staff noted that tourists behaved in a less restrained manner than expected. These findings have significant implications for cross-cultural training.     

Tourist self-presentation and diet regulations

This study examines tourists' dietary behavioral changes associated with how they are concerned with self-presentation. A within-subject mediation analysis reveals that tourists' self-presentational concerns can influence their diet regulations. Such concerns tend to be lower in the destination environment than in the familiar home setting. Thus, tourists at their destinations engage less frequently in diet regulations for self-presentational purposes. Key findings suggest that, although the effects of tourism on health are multifaceted, the products and services offered by hospitality organizations and businesses in the tourism system may negatively affect tourists' health owing to the relief of diet regulation and other health-related self-presentational concerns that are strongly present at home.     

我的旅游观

本文内容将包括:我的旅游现象基本观点,我国旅游学术的困惑,旅游学科建设问题,旅游现象的基础研究问题.     

基于旅游者偏好和知觉风险的旅游者决策模型分析

市场营销管理者对购买者决策过程的了解直接影响着营销工作的开展.本文将基于旅游者偏好和知觉风险对旅游者购买行为决策进行探讨,在构建旅游者决策模型的基础上对旅游者偏好和知觉风险进行分析,以期打开旅游者决策过程中的黑箱,为旅游产品的营销管理者提供建设性意见.     

住房商品化与旅游社区化服务---以南昌市为例

中国实行的住房商品化政策将使中国社区关系发生重大变化。新的社区关系将使原有的旅游服务转变为社区化服务,社区化旅游服务以新的旅游产品开发提供了良好条件。未来旅游业的发展不再单纯依赖于旅游资源,而要依靠旅游从业人员的创意。     

Tourist Local Systems and Territorial Development

Abstract

The spreading of the globalisation process is actually modifying the traditional spatial pattern including tourist field organization. The traditional territorial structure of the tourist region is being remodelled at local level in new systemic, self-creating, self-regulating and self-promoting entities in a constant connection with a supra-regional reality.

In Italy strictly tourist areas are being replaced by new territorial entities which can have the structure of tourist local systems, productive microcosms based on local relational networks involving municipalities, enterprises, tourist associations and other local stakeholders of the territorial system. So the spatial dimension of tourism is now influenced by local organizational models no more based on administrative units or traditional tourist regions but rather on spaces created by relationships among local actors.

Such a self-structured development of local tourist systems is being observed in Sicily too, under the dynamic pressures expressed by the world market of vacations. Public and private organizations are joining forces to promote territorial development in recognition of their organizing abilities and of the sustainable progress perspectives of their spatial aggregation.     

Information Search Behavior and Tourist Characteristics

SUMMARY

The Internet as a new form of media is impacting tourist information provision and acquisition. A better understanding of the use of the Internet and other information sources by tourists will benefit the marketing efforts of destination organizations. Based on a general consumer behavior theory by Berkman and Gilson (1986), this study examined the relationships between tourists' use of the Internet vs. other information sources and their characteristics. It was found that demographic characteristics of gender and household income and situational factors of trip purpose and travel party type were significantly related to tourists' choices of information sources; and such behavior was associated with their trip outcomes of accommodation types and expenditure. The study's implications were discussed in the context of destination marketing.     

旅游凝视:反思与重构

由于研究者对凝视的简单采借,导致旅游凝视经常被直接理解为旅游者的视觉体验或等同于福柯的权力理论.对于一个外来概念或理论,经过学术共同体成员的批判性思考,终将发展成旅游的内生化语言乃是旅游知识毋庸置疑的理论自觉过程,因此反思旅游凝视的重要性就日益凸显且无法回避.在回顾厄里的《旅游凝视》原作以及梳理相关文献的基础上,结合这一概念和理论所受的批评以及研究转向,认为厄里在非寻常架构下阐述的凝视应该还包括注意这一内涵,并强调旅游凝视的价值在于其是“旅游体验”的实现途径而非目的,从而明晰旅游凝视在旅游理论体系中的应有之义.     

儒家旅游理论与现代社会

儒家对中国传统文化的影响是巨大的,尤其是孔子"知者乐水,仁者乐山"旅游理论的提出[1],不但具有划时代的意义,而且作为中国传统旅游理论的基础直到今天仍然具有积极的社会意义.从更深层次看,孔子将"仁"导入到旅游理论当中,并以"君子比德"的理论高度,提升了旅游文化的品位,同时也为我们考察旅游经济大开发的当前现状,反思种种不协调的音符,重新思考和定位传统的儒家旅游理论,将获益良多.     

西安旅游气候舒适度与客流量年内变化相关性分析

气候舒适度是影响旅游地开发的重要因素，直接影响到旅游季节的长短及客流量的年内变化。利用近30年气候资料，对西安及周边山地旅游气候舒适性进行了评价，划分了适宜性等级和时段分布；结合2000-2002年入境旅游、国内旅游和本地游憩客流量的年内变化，划分了旅游活动的淡旺季和月指数；在对气候舒适度与特殊因子数值化的基础上，采用OLS方法建立了客流量月指数与气候舒适度的相关性。结果显示：入境游客年内变化受气候影响，入境旅游月指数气候弹性系数3．44％；大雁塔和骊山国内旅游不仅受气候舒适性影响，还受“五一”和“十一”黄金周影响，客流量月指数气候弹性系数为2．06％和2．33％；太白山和楼观台本地居民游憩，还受4～5月春游、8月学生暑假和9月秋淋的影响，客流量月指数的气候弹性系数为2．99％和2、64％。本项研究为西安市及周边客流量预测和景区规划提供了科学依据。     

Tourist rites for Wales

In May 1979, the Wales Tourist Board (WTB) launched a ten-year project to develop the industrial valleys of South Wales as a tourist region. With the sharp decline of the region's traditional industries, tourism to the area may represent the key to economic revival. Ironically, the tourism attractions being promoted derive from the artefacts of an industrial age that has now all but disappeared.     

基于本地旅游需求驱动的旅游地空间系统重构

旅游地空间系统是一个复杂而敏感的系统,易受空间内外部各种因素特别是市场要素变化的影响.文章在对以外来旅游需求为牵引的传统旅游空间系统及其不足和形成机理进行深入分析的基础上,结合国民休闲和内需扩大战略背景下本地旅游需求不断提升的现实变化,重构了内外需求更为平衡条件下的新旅游地空间系统.该系统应具有良好的空间外部环境、通畅高效的信息流、域面平滑流畅的旅游地发育、便捷立体的旅游通道、趋向均衡互补的内外部旅游市场等内涵,从而对传统旅游空间系统进行了补充和完善.     

Tourist Co-Created Destination Image

This paper investigates the impact of tourist-to-tourist (T2T) interactions on destination image and the moderating effect of interaction intensity. The results indicate that benevolent sociable incidents play a major role in determining the quality of T2T interaction, which shapes tourists’ perceived cognitive image, and in turn influences the affective image of a destination. Furthermore, high interaction intensity aggravates the negatively connoted aspect of T2T interactions such that the influence of tourist misbehaviors is stronger, the impact of interaction quality on the natural facet of cognitive image becomes more salient, and the nurture of affection for the destination is impeded.