旅游观看方式与旅游形象塑造

观看方式与目的地旅游形象密切相关.旅游者对目的地的观看方式不同,所形成的旅游形象也就不同.观看方式受世界观、价值、态度、倾向性、信念等因素的影响,是社会文化熏陶的结果.旅游观看方式具有非政治性、非历史性、局部性、肤浅性、浪漫性、男性眼光等特点.只有认真研究不同目标市场旅游者所处的社会文化背景,针对不同的旅游观看特点,才能塑造满足旅游者心理期待和心理想象的旅游形象.     

Information Search Behavior and Tourist Characteristics

SUMMARY

The Internet as a new form of media is impacting tourist information provision and acquisition. A better understanding of the use of the Internet and other information sources by tourists will benefit the marketing efforts of destination organizations. Based on a general consumer behavior theory by Berkman and Gilson (1986), this study examined the relationships between tourists' use of the Internet vs. other information sources and their characteristics. It was found that demographic characteristics of gender and household income and situational factors of trip purpose and travel party type were significantly related to tourists' choices of information sources; and such behavior was associated with their trip outcomes of accommodation types and expenditure. The study's implications were discussed in the context of destination marketing.     

儒家旅游理论与现代社会

儒家对中国传统文化的影响是巨大的,尤其是孔子"知者乐水,仁者乐山"旅游理论的提出[1],不但具有划时代的意义,而且作为中国传统旅游理论的基础直到今天仍然具有积极的社会意义.从更深层次看,孔子将"仁"导入到旅游理论当中,并以"君子比德"的理论高度,提升了旅游文化的品位,同时也为我们考察旅游经济大开发的当前现状,反思种种不协调的音符,重新思考和定位传统的儒家旅游理论,将获益良多.     

Tourist rites for Wales

In May 1979, the Wales Tourist Board (WTB) launched a ten-year project to develop the industrial valleys of South Wales as a tourist region. With the sharp decline of the region's traditional industries, tourism to the area may represent the key to economic revival. Ironically, the tourism attractions being promoted derive from the artefacts of an industrial age that has now all but disappeared.     

基于本地旅游需求驱动的旅游地空间系统重构

旅游地空间系统是一个复杂而敏感的系统,易受空间内外部各种因素特别是市场要素变化的影响.文章在对以外来旅游需求为牵引的传统旅游空间系统及其不足和形成机理进行深入分析的基础上,结合国民休闲和内需扩大战略背景下本地旅游需求不断提升的现实变化,重构了内外需求更为平衡条件下的新旅游地空间系统.该系统应具有良好的空间外部环境、通畅高效的信息流、域面平滑流畅的旅游地发育、便捷立体的旅游通道、趋向均衡互补的内外部旅游市场等内涵,从而对传统旅游空间系统进行了补充和完善.     

皖南旅游区观光旅游线路的空间分析

本文采用景区出现率、空间模式理论、旅游线路目的地类型理论、TICI指数对市场上经营的有关皖南旅游区观光旅游线路的空间特征进行了分析,探讨皖南各景区在市场线路中的利用现状、角色位置以及不足之处,以期对皖南旅游区的旅游产品开发、市场营销等产生一定的启示意义。     

Modeling Tourist Flows to Indonesia and Malaysia

Summary

The purpose of this study was to examine the major factors that influence the flow patterns of tourists from six important tourist-generating countries to Indonesia and Malaysia. The primary determinants included in the demand models were income, prices, and time trend. Two models that employed different indicators for the price variable were estimated; one with exchange rates in addition to relative prices, whereas the other included only an exchange rate adjusted-relative price variable. Annual time-series data covering the period 1980 to 1997 were used for estimation. The results generally indicated that the factors provide reasonably good explanations for the demand for Indonesian and Malaysian tourism. The measure of thejoint effect of the changes in exchange rates and relative prices also seems to be a better indicator for the price variable for both destination countries. The study has important marketing implications for the tourism industries in Indonesia and Malaysia.     

Saltwater Crocodiles as Tourist Attractions

These study reports the results derived from a pilot research study based on a phenomenographic research approach with 50 respondents in the Northern Territory of Australia. The data permitted a perceptual map to be drawn which identifies tourist fascination with crocodiles as being based on attributes of potential threat, danger, power, links with the prehistoric, and survivorship. However the study also found that when asked to describe the Northern Territory, crocodiles did not immediately come to mind, even though, arguably, the reptile is etched upon the ethos of the 'Top End'. However prompted responses quickly elicited mention of crocodiles. There was also a preference to see crocodiles within their natural terrain. Some evidence of a minority of tourists being prepared to mitigate their behaviours was also found, and hence this study may have wider implications.     

Tourist market segmentation with linear and non-linear techniques

The need for in-depth knowledge of tourist market segments and the need to overcome the limitations of using linear techniques to analyse non-linear relationships requires a re-assessment of generally used approaches such as cluster analysis and multiple linear regression. The objectives of the research are (1) to consider the use of self-organising (SOM) neural networks for segmenting tourist markets and (2) to analyse the predictive ability of backpropagation (BP) neural networks for classifying tourists from follow-up surveys by using the output provided by a SOM neural network. The findings of the SOM neural network modelling indicate three natural clusters. In addition, the predictive ability of the BP neural network model appears to be superior to that of MLR static filter and logistic regression models. The BP neural network model developed for this application appears suitable for deployment (i.e. classification of tourists from follow-up surveys).     

政府作用与旅游区投资效益

尽管国有资本要逐步退出旅游产业，但这并不意味着政府对旅游业投资管理可以袖手旁观、听其自然。论文从旅游区投资角度出发，分析和强调了政府在宏观调控、政府管制、投资模式选择等5个方面应起的重要作用。     

余荫山房客源市场浅析

园林建筑及其特有的文化一直以来对旅游者都有很强的吸引力.我国的园林建筑根据其地理位置及风格特色分为北方皇家园林、江南园林和岭南园林三大类.广州市番禺区的余荫山房是广东四大名园之一,也是岭南园林的代表之一.但是与其它地区的园林相比,余荫山房的年接待量仅有30万人次.通过对余荫山房所做的三次问卷调查、实地调研和相关文献资料的分析,发现了余荫山房存在的问题,并根据这些问题提出了一些措施,对余荫山房的进一步开发规划有一定的指导意义.     

为旅游吸引物权立法

文章通过对两个典型案例的跟踪调查和法经济学分析,指出了旅游吸引物权存在的事实和现实基础,提出从法律上确立旅游吸引物权的必要性和正当性,并在物权法的框架下对旅游吸引物权的具体立法制度安排进行了探讨,以助于系统性地解决旅游发展中农村社区权益保护不足的问题和旅游增值收益的分配问题,从根本上保障社区参与的主体性以及农民对旅游资源进行保护的积极性.     

Tourist Attitudes Towards the Environment

Abstract

This article evaluates the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) as a tool for measuring the economic benefits of the provision of non-marketed tourism products. CVM was used to measure skiers' willingness to pay (WTP) for an environmentally friendly ski destination. Skiers from three different nationalities were surveyed, and although they were more likely to visit a resort that is environmentally responsible, not all of them would pay more for the privilege. Use of the CVM indicated a strong correlation between WTP and the cost of the holiday, level of income, and level of environmental conscience. The authors conclude that although CVM can provide useful data for tourism decision-makers, it does have its limitations.     

Tourist satisfaction a cognitive-affective model

This study aims to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the consumer psychology of tourism by carrying out an exploration of the cognitive and affective psychological processes which an individual goes through during the pre-experience and post-experience stages. Thus, a model explaining the interrelationships between psychological variables of the tourist is developed. The research was conducted with 807 individuals visiting a destination in Spain. The results show that preconceived image of the destination influences expectations and tourist loyalty. Additionally, there is support for the impact of expectations and emotions on satisfaction, which has a significant influence on behavioral intentions. Finally, several academic and managerial implications are outlined.     

Tourist use of mopeds in Queensland

Tourist use of mopeds in Queensland is encouraged by licensing regulations permitting moped riding for car licence holders, who may lack prior knowledge or experience of moped or motorcycle use. Using official crash and registration data, this research examines moped use by tourists, identified as crash-involved riders holding an interstate or overseas licence. Tourists were more likely to be younger, female, in single vehicle crashes, and deemed at fault than Queensland licence holders. Potential safety issues include poor riding skills, inexperience, inattention and lack of protective clothing. Moped rental companies play an important role in managing client crash and injury risks. These risks could also be reduced through introduction of more stringent licensing requirements, though this may be detrimental to moped rental companies as well as to tourist mobility and enjoyment. The discussion considers the relevance of adventure tourism perspectives and theory to the use of mopeds by tourists.     

Working Holiday Tourist Learning: Scale Development and Validation

The purpose of this study is to explore the learning of working holiday tourists (WHTs) and to develop a relevant scale. Firstly, in-depth interviews and content analysis were employed to generate the initial items. Secondly, 11 factors were extracted from an exploratory factor analysis with 273 samples. Thirdly, a confirmatory factor analysis with 522 samples was performed to identify the validity of the WHT learning scale. The results show that the 11-factor and 35-item WHT learning scale has good fit, reliability and validity. The findings expand the current knowledge of tourist learning and working holidays, and provide marketing implications and suggestions for future research.     

旅游流研究的进展、评价与展望

文章通过系统梳理旅游流研究在数量、理论基础、研究方法和研究内容等方面的相关进展,对其研究现状进行了总结和评价,并在此基础上提出了旅游流研究趋势和未来展望。从结果来看,近年来旅游流研究数量总体呈现上升趋势,其中,国内学者研究成果的增长趋势明显;理论基础和研究方法方面主要以借鉴相关学科为主;研究内容主要集中在理论框架、时空模式、流量特征、流动效应以及机理机制等5个方面。总体来看,旅游流的研究是从地理学角度对旅游学研究框架的重构。从未来研究趋势来看,旅游流研究数量还将呈现快速增长的趋势;理论方法将向体系创新及模型构建的纵深方向发展,呈现出多学科理论方法的修正式融合态势;研究内容将向抽象理论研究、人地关系研究以及深层机理等方面延伸和发展。