关于上海专业水产产品批发市场的调查分析

本文通过对上海部分专业水产批发市场的走访调查,分析了市场前景及存在的问题,并就如何加强上海水产专业批发市场的建设与管理提出了对策与建议。     

我国与印度粮食市场比较分析

我国和印度是亚洲比邻的两个人口最多的国家,土地资源和粮食市场均为两国国计民生中最重要的问题。同为发展中国家,面对土地有限和人口增长的双重压力,在发展中有许多共同的困难。对两国有关农业及粮食市场进行相互比较和研究,对发现问题,相互借鉴,会有一定帮助或启发。一、耕地和人口印度位于南亚次大陆,国土面积328.7万平方公里,人口近10.5亿。人口密度为319人/平方公里,相当于我国(134人/平方公里)的2.38倍。但印度国土可利用率远高于我国,印度耕地约1.2亿公顷,占国土面积的45%,而我国耕地仅占国土的13.54%。按国家统计局的数字,我国耕地…     

PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS AND ARBITRAGE IN THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND WOOL MARKETS*

The physical characteristics of wool are important determinants of its spinning properties, yarn quality and end use. The degree to which wools from different countries of origin may be substituted has important implications for the domestic marketing policies of Australia and New Zealand. The hypothesis examined in this paper is that the differences in wool prices can be explained by differences in the physical characteristics of the wool and that objective measures of these characteristics allow for effective arbitrage between these markets. The alternative hypothesis is that premiums or discounts exist owing to country of origin. A hedonic price analysis was conducted on wool prices in Australia and New Zealand using a balanced sample of sale lot data from the 1986-87 selling season. In the year examined, there was no evidence of any price premiums associated with country of origin.     

SIMULATED MARKETS,FARM STRUCTURE,AND AGRICULTURAL POLICIES*

In this investigation estimated relationships of resource markets for United States agriculture are used in a simulation model to study resource demand and farm income under three conditions: (a) those actually prevailing, including the historic mix of agricultural policies, (b) with technical change in agriculture only half the rate realized, and (c) with a free market. The results indicate that compared with “actual” conditions the environment of slow technical change would have modest effects in slowing the demand for farm machinery and the migration of labor from agriculture. It also would result in greater net farm income in the 1960's. A free market would be accompanied by increased investment in farm machinery and a greater exodus of family and hired labor from agriculture. It also would result in a smaller farm building investment and a considerable reduction of farm income. Since economic conditions are so similar in both countries, the implications of these findings are related to Canadian agriculture on the assumption the same model would show the same outcomes for Canada. Dans cette étude, des rapports estimés des marchés des ressources pour ?agriculture des Etats-Uns sont employés dans un modéle de simulation afin ?étudier la demande des ressources et le revenu agricol net sous trois conditions: (a) celle qui régne réellement, incluant le mélange historique de politiques agricoles; (b) celle qui ne montre le changement technique de ?agriculture qti à la moitié du train realise; et (c) celle qui profite ?un marché libre. Les résultats indiquent que ?enrironnement du changement technique modéré, quand il est compareé avec les conditions réelles, produirait des effets modestes en diminuant la demande pour des machines agricoles et en ralentissant ?exode de la main-?oeuvre de ?agriculture. En outre, cet environment aurait pour résultat un revenu agricole net plus fort dans les années de 1060 à 1970. Vne marché libre serait accompangne de placements augmentés dans les machines agricoles et ?un plus grand exode de la main ?oeuvre familiale et salariée de ?agriculture. Aussi, ceci aboutirait à un investissement moindre dans la construction rurale et à une réduction considérable du revenu agricole. Puisque les conditions économiques des deux pays sont si ressemblantes, les implications de ces conclusions sont rattachées à?agriculture cana-dienne en supposant que le même modéle montrerait les mêmes résultats pour le Canada.     

POLICY-INDUCED CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS AND STRATEGIC INTERACTION IN PROCESSED FOOD MARKETS

Attempts to curtail surplus agricultural production may result in excess capacity for food processors. This paper considers the impact of potential capacity constraints for different specifications of duopoly behaviour. If one firm's capacity is constrained, rents are shifted to the other under quantity competition, while both benefit under price competition. If both firms face capacity constraints, each benefits whatever the nature of competition. Consequently, food processing firms may benefit from cut-backs in agricultural production or quantitative trade restrictions, depending on the nature of strategic interaction, though consumers always lose.     

我国农产品物流现状及对策分析

2005年10月11日,中国共产党第十六届会议将社会主义新农村的建设列入其中,把提高农民收入,改善农村环境作为新农村建设的重点。我国是一个农业大国,农民占全国人口的绝大多数,努力改善“三农”状况,大力发展农村经济十分重要。我国农产品存在流量大、技术设备落后、专业化仓储数量少等问题,因此要正确认识我国农产品物流的发展现状,分析存在问题,才能更好的发展我国农产品物流,从而带动农村经济发展。一、我国农产品物流存在的问题我国农产品物流量大面广,其自然分布的区域性与消费需求的全国性以及国际形势是现阶段农产品物流的一个重要前…     

EEC FOOD LAW AND TRADE IN FOOD PRODUCTS

The paper first considers some of the legislation, and associate measures, affecting the availability, the form and presentation, and the price of foods to consumers. Little work seems to have been undertaken, and published, which would seek to establish the costs and benefits of ‘food law’. Food law can act as a non-tariff barrier; and within the EEC, because of the elimination of other barriers to trade, national legislation now attracts much press and political comment. The EEC's food law harmonisation programme, and the implications of the Cassis de Dijon case, are briefly reviewed. As with food law in general, there appears to be little economic appraisal of the EEC's measures.     

INTERACTIONS OF QUANTITY,PRICE AND POLICY: MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS

A combination of reasoning and simple regression equations are used to examine the recent history of some aspects of the dairy industry. Attention is dawn to some of the pitfalls in attempting to quantify dairy demand and supply relationships. Elasticities are generally confirmed to be low, with the exception of the demand for cream; though it is suggested that the supply of milk may be less unresponsive to price change than is often maintained. The results obtained are related to milk marketing policy.     

全面推进无公害水产品和产地认定认证工作

本文介绍了江苏省2003年全面推进无公害水产品和产地认定认证工作的成绩和相关工作的主要内容,并论述了此项工作对发展水产业的积极意义,同时指出了2004年江苏省该项工作的努力方向和行动措施.     

入世以来中国大豆及其制品比较优势的变化及成因

入世以来中国大豆及其制品的生产和贸易(一)入世以来中国大豆的生产。中国大豆以农户小规模生产为主,与以规模化农场生产为主的美国、巴西、阿根廷等主产国相比,成本偏高,且质量的均一性和稳定性很难保证,因此,中国大豆目前在国际市场上不具备比较优势。正因为如此,国内外专家普遍预测,加入W TO后,中国大豆产业将遭受剧烈冲击。从入世几年来的实际情况看,尽管国内市场的开放程度有很大提高,但大豆生产却还相对稳定。主要体现在四个方面:第一,播种面积没有大幅度减少。如表1所示,中国大豆的播种面积在经过2002年的短暂下滑后,自2003年起开…     

INSTABILITY IN WORLD GRAIN MARKETS

The paper discusses the nature of international price variability for wheat and coarse grains. In particular, it explores the relationship between variability in national grain markets and international trade. Empirical evidence is presented on the degree to which short-run fluctuations in domestic grain production are transmitted to the world market by major countries or country aggregates, and on their absorption of international market variability. The impact of possible structural or policy changes upon future international price variability is explored. It is argued that multilateral action to promote greater international stability should focus on the modification of domestic storage policies to reduce the transmission of short-run domestic fluctuations in supply or demand to world markets.     

关于我国水产品质量安全管理体系建设的探讨

本文剖析了我国水产品质量安全管理当前存在的问题，讨论了水产品质量安全管理的主体和客体的职责，并从安全管理的手段、管理的基础与法律依据、管理的支撑系统、法规的宣传贯彻，以及强化资源环境保护等五个方面，阐述了作者关于我国水产品质量安全管理体系框架的见解。     

THE EFFECT OF PRICE REDUCTION AND DIRECT INCOME SUPPORT POLICIES ON AGRICULTURAL INPUT MARKETS IN AUSTRIA

The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically the effects of a shift from price support to direct income policy on agricultural factor markets and aggregate output. By utilising an econometric model for the Austrian agricultural sector, it is argued that the main purpose of this policy change, which is to move producers away from making production decisions in response to income support policies and to facilitate their response to market signals (‘decoupling’), is only partially realised. Switching from price to direct income support would result in little reduction in output, but some positive secondary effects can be observed. Ecological goals could be realised by lessening the degree of industrialisation due to lowering the capital-labour and intermediate input-labour ratios.     

论矿床经济分析与矿产品价格取值问题

文章对矿床经济分析与矿产品价格取值的关系作了分析,并提出一套分析模型和计算方法,对矿产品价格取值也进行了探讨.     

STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS IN UK STORE LIVESTOCK MARKETS

This paper examines the economic trading relationships underlying store livestock markets in the UK for beef steers, pigs and sheep. Economic decisions relating to store sales and purchases are set within the context of a dynamic, multi-period, market-clearing framework. A new approach to modelling store markets is introduced in which the rational-expectations methodology to forming model-consistent expectations is central. The results suggest how the store markets form part of a vertically integrated production system and reveal to what extent the beef steer, pig and sheep sectors exhibit econometrically identifiable relations.     

高力优系列产品

新城疫（ND）是由副粘病毒引起的家禽,火鸡和各种鸟类的一种高度接触性传染病,又称“亚洲鸡瘟”,本病的表现形式多种多样,从高死亡率的急性型,到只有依靠实验室才能确诊的温和型,但无论那种形式,都会造成严重的经济损失,如死亡,产蛋减少和生长缓慢,由于它是一种病毒病。