英国合同立法新动向及其启示——评英国《1999年合同(第三人权利)法案》

1999年11月英国通过其合同立法的最新成果——《1999年合同(第三人权利)法案》,明确规定赋予非合同当事方的第三人要求强制履行合同条款的权利,《法案》的通过具有重大的理论及实践意义。本文在分析《法案》立法背景后简要介绍了其主要内容,并对相关规定进行了综合评价,最后将其与我国《合同法》中有关规定进行比较,论述了我国此方面立法的不足及完善。     

The demand for and the supply of distribution services: A basis for the analysis of customer satisfaction in retailing

This paper brings together two bodies of literature. One of them is a literature on the special role of the consumer in retailing. The other one is the literature on customer satisfaction. This joining of literatures is accomplished by identifying distribution services as outputs of retail firms and fixed inputs into the production functions of consumers and relaxing the standard assumption that the demand for these services is always equal to the supply of these services. The result is a new conceptual framework for the analysis of customer satisfaction in retailing. This framework extends the basic ideas on customer satisfaction developed for manufacturing in a homogeneous single product setting to the heterogeneous multi-product setting relevant for many retailers. The paper illustrates one approach to the implementation of this framework with data for a set of supermarkets in Pamplona, Spain, that measure distribution services by asking consumers questions explicitly identifying these services. The five main categories of distribution services identified by the conceptual framework and measured in the data are economically important and statistically robust determinants of customer satisfaction with supermarkets. These results are obtained controlling for other variables typical of the customer satisfaction literature and measuring customer satisfaction in a manner consistent with that literature. The results are robust to corrections for sample selection and alternative estimation methods. Perhaps our most interesting novel result is that the effect of the determinants of customer satisfaction on future purchase intentions in the supermarket case is different when measured directly in a one stage process than when measured indirectly in a two stage process through the attributes/satisfaction/ purchase intentions chain.

The value relevance of brand equity in the financial services industry: an empirical analysis using quantile regression

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it attempts to explore the factors contributing to the brand values of Taiwan??s financial service companies. Second, it aims to examine the value relevance of their brand equity. Our empirical findings from OLS regression show that advertising expenditure in banking firms have positive significant effects on brand evaluation and that the brand equity of banking firms is positively related to their market value. The general findings remain valid when we apply conditional quantile regressions to re-examine these relationships. Moreover, the quantile estimates indicate that the factor of brand loyalty could bring benefits to the banks with lower levels of brand equity. However, brands do not offer insights into the banks that have extremely low market capitalization.     

供电企业上网电价分析

随着电力工业体制改革和电力市场的发展,现行电价政策、制定电价的方法等已越来越不适应新形势的要求,暴露出了诸多弊端,本文主要分析了上网电价改革的不足和建议.     

The role of floor brokers in the supply of liquidity: An empirical analysis

This article analyses the role of floor brokers in the supply of liquidity on the Australian Stock Exchange Derivatives market. Floor brokers have valuable order execution skills because of their information advantage over off‐floor traders and their ability to mitigate some problems related to the option‐like characteristics of limit orders. Our results indicate that floor broker participation in the execution of limit orders tends to be high when the above qualities are most valuable. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 20:205–218, 2000     

内生性财务契约研究范式转换:从完备契约观到不完备契约观

现代公司财务契约理论研究范式经历了三次转换:由外生性的新古典完备财务契约范式转换为内生性的完备财务契约范式,再转换为内生性的不完备财务契约范式。而作为最新的研究范式,不完备财务契约研究也先后经历了静态控制权理论范式和动态控制权理论范式的演进。内生性不完备财务契约研究范式将交易费用、制度、产权、契约等因素正式纳入公司财务理论研究视野,弥补了传统财务理论研究范式内生的制度性缺失。该范式也大大促进了我国公司财务理论研究,为解决经济转型阶段我国公司尖锐的财务冲突提供了更合理的解释和指导思路。     

关于我国金融服务贸易开放性测度的分析

本文主要围绕我国金融服务贸易的开放性问题进行重点讨论,通过贸易依存度和对外直接投资开放度两个指标来实证分析,发现金融服务业尽管在一定程度上实现了市场开放的突破,但整体上仍呈现审慎的态势,并没有十分激进的表现,开放性还是处在较低的水平.     

船体钢板产供状况分析

一、船舶工业大发展对船体钢板的产供提出了更高的要求随着我国造船业迅猛发展,大量建造出口船舶,给我国造船用钢的生产出提出新的要求,特别是对船板钢材的生产有了更高更具体的一些要求。2002年我国全年船板消耗量为160万吨,其中30万吨位为进口。以5600TEU集装箱船和74500吨散货船为例,说明船体钢板用量情况。     

供电企业的电力营销管理分析

电力营销是供电企业的核心任务.目前供电企业电力营销管理模式较为单一,管理机制缺乏创新,市场化水平、营销管理水平及核心竞争力与国内一些先进企业相比有相当大的差距.本文提出了电力营销管理面临的主要问题,分析了供电企业电力营销管理策略,介绍了供电企业推行精细化营销管理的重要意义和对策,强调了科技和人才管理.     

The Role of Ethical Values in an Expanded Psychological Contract

Social values and beliefs systems are playing an increasingly influential role in shaping the attitudes and behavior of individuals and organizations towards the employment relationship. Many individuals seek a broader meaning in their work that will let them feel that they are contributing to the broader community. For many organizations, a willingness to behave ethically and assume responsibility for social and environmental consequences of their activities has become essential to maintaining their ‹license to operate.’ The appearance of these trends in individual and organizational behavior towards outcomes that are more explicitly congruent with ethical and social values has significant implications for understanding the psychological contracts being created today. In this paper, we examine issues associated with the psychological contract and ethical standards of behavior, focusing on both the individual and organizational levels.     

企业供应物流的界面管理探讨

企业供应物流必须解决有效的供应网络、供应方式、零库存等问题,企业供应物流常常面临一些组织间的界面问题,破除企业供应物流界面障碍,提高企业供应物流有效性有利于形成整个供应链的核心竞争优势。     

供应链管理视角下的采购模式探析

供应链管理是一种集成的管理思想和方法,供应链采购是一种供应链机制下的采购模式.传统的采购模式存在着交易成本大、采购质量难以控制以及供需双方关系对立等问题.而市场需求多样化的特征促使企业转变采购模式成为必然,供应链采购可以在适当的时间、地点,以适当的数量和质量提供买方所需的物料,极大地提升了企业的竞争力.     

价值链分析在供应链成本管理中的应用探讨

随着经济的发展、市场环境的变化,现在的竞争已经从单个企业之间的竞争发展成为供应链与供应链之间的竞争.如何进行供应链成本管理成为值得探讨的问题,本文通过对价值链与供应链之间的关联性,探索价值链分析方法应用于供应链成本管理的可行性,并进一步对具体的实施过程展开探讨.     

产业结构调整与货币供应量的关系分析

货币供应量的大小和产业结构如何调整有很大的关系,笔者对货币供应量和产业结构进行Johansen协整分析,结果表明它们之间存在一个协整关系.根据协整误差修正结构分析,在第一产业加大货币供应量,将会带动经济快速增长,而在第三产业增加货币供应量,效率不是很高,反而会带来通货膨胀的危险,所以货币供应需向第一产业倾斜.     

The Place of Consumer Contract Law Within the Process on European Contract Law

This paper shows the development of European consumer contract law within the whole area of European contract law. It explains in some detail the possible contents of one of the major options for the future – the development of a specific consumer contract law in form of a framework Directive. Such an instrument would combine the common denominators of the consumer contract Directives: the applicable definitions of a consumer and a trader, the right of withdrawal, the pre-contractual information obligations, the burden of proof, the private international law clause, and the nature of consumer law as mandatory law. Furthermore the paper shows how the Commission Communication of July 2001 and the Commission Action Plan of 2003 shape the process of European contract law. Finally, it analyses in particular the treatment of consumer contract law in the Action Plan.     

A general duty to supply only safe goods in the community: Some remarks from a British perspective

On 20 April 1989, the Commission issued COM (89) 162, which is a proposal for a Directive designed to establish a Community legal framework to guarantee product safety. Such a regime would have the dual aim of securing free trade while also maintaining effective consumer protection. This paper demonstrates the vital role which would be played by standards in such a framework and explains how Community law can prevent a Member State adopting a purely domestic approach to standards of safety and quality. The paper investigates the extent to which the United Kingdom's statutory general requirement to supply only safe goods, introduced in 1987, constitutes a model for a parallel Community initiative. The paper concludes by emphasising that the twin goals of free trade and consumer protection can only be achieved through a proper resource commitment to effective standards-making.

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Die generelle Pflicht, in der EG ausschließlich sichere Produkte anzubieten: einige Anmerkungen aus britischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Am 20. April 1989 veröffentlichte die EG-Kommission die Mitteilung KOM 89/162, bei der es sich um einen Vorschlag für eine Richtlinie handelt, die die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen für Produktsicherheit in der EG garantieren soll und gleichzeitig zwei Ziele verfolgt: zum einen die Gewährleistung von freiem Handelsverkehr, zum anderen die Stärkung des Verbraucherschutzes.Der Beitrag beschreibt die zentrale Rolle, die in diesem Zusammenhang den Standards zukommt, und erläutert, wie EG-Recht einen Mitgliedstaat davon abhalten kann, einen rein nationalen Ansatz zur Etablierung von Sicherheits- und Qualitätsstandards zu verfolgen. Er untersucht ferner das Ausmaß, in welchem die im Jahre 1987 in England eingeführte allgemeine gesetzliche Verpflichtung, nur sichere Güter anzubieten, ein Modell für eine enstprechende EG-Initiative darstellen kann. Der Beitrag stellt abschließend fest, daß das Doppelziel von Freihandel und Verbraucherschutz nur erreicht werden kann, wenn ausreichende Mittel bereitgestellt werden, um wirkungsvolle Standards ausarbeiten zu können.

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Stephen Weatherill is Lecturer in Law at the University of Manchester, Faculty of Law, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.     

Balancing in-house and outsourced logistics services: effects on supply chain agility and firm performance

Service Business - The purpose of this study is to explore the role of logistics strategies (flexibility, collaboration, and differentiation) as antecedents of supply chain agility (SCA) and...     

The UK and the Euro: Debating the British Decision

This article seeks to inform and enliven the debate on whether or not Britain should join the euro. The central focus of the article involves interviews with two leading economists, Professor Willem Buiter (Chief Economist and Special Counsellor to the President, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development) who strongly supports the case for joining, and Professor Patrick Minford (Professor of Applied Economics, Cardiff Business School) who takes the opposite stance. The article begins with an introduction which places the interviews in context and concludes with a final section summarising the central points of commonality and departure arising in the interviews with Professors Buiter and Minford.