浅谈地方立法在应对反倾销中的作用

我国出口企业面临日益增长的出口反倾销调查和诉讼,而应对出口反倾销地方法规配套不足。现阶段地方立法应对出口反倾销已具备相应的法律依据,也能够有效促进我国外贸的发展。地方立法应对出口反倾销要重视政府部门、行业协会和出口企业的各自作用以及规范他们之间的联动应对行为。     

论我国经济法视野下的区域经济立法

针对我国当前区域经济立法主要存在的缺位问题、法律冲突问题以及国际区域经济立法与国内区域经济立法的协调问题,应通过制定区域经济基本法、对区域经济立法实施立法与司法审查制度创新以及注重国际区域经济法与国内经济法的协调等方面来完善我国区域经济立法。     

A study of the Consumer Ombudsman institution in Norway with some references to the other Nordic countries I: Background and description

In the seventies, the Consumer Ombudsman (CO) institution was established in the four Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The CO is a supervisory body with the task of controlling that marketing methods used by business when selling goods and providing services are in conformity with the legislation. This article supplies information about the legislation and the role played by the CO in the supervisory system. It deals primarily with the Norwegian situation but makes references to the situation in the three other countries as well. It is pointed out that the most important difference between the old legislation on improper competition and the present Marketing Control Act is the establishment of new enforcement mechanisms. The contents of the legislation have not undergone any dramatic changes. In a companion article to follow in a later issue of JCP, an attempt is made to evaluate the work of the Norwegian CO and the Market Council. The position of business is described, and some present deregulation considerations are discussed.     

档案数字化立法保护探索

档案数字化的发展要求相关立法的跟进,本文通过分析档案数字化进程,论述了我国档案数字化立法的现状,提出了未来档案数字化立法的关键点和加强保护的设想,有助于档案数字化建设的健康发展。     

Legislated Ethics: From Enron to Sarbanes-Oxley,the Impact on Corporate America

This paper explores the financial reporting scandals of the past decade and the resulting U.S. legislative attempts to impose ethical behavior and control the incidence of new reporting problems via the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation. We begin with a brief historical perspective followed by assertions of ethical consequences of legislation with discussions of key recent corporate scandals, the motives for the frauds, and the consequences. Ethics related provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act are discussed with the potential impact of the legislation on the likelihood of similar future frauds and accompanying prognosis for future corporate ethical behavior.     

论水库移民补偿的立法完善

我国水库移民补偿分为经济补偿和政策补偿两种。当前尽管移民经济补偿已有较大提高,但依然存在移民补偿费偏低,补偿标准低以及对不同地域和身份的移民补偿标准不同等问题;政策补偿产生的实际效果也非常有限,水库移民补偿大多不符合公平要求。为体现对水库移民补偿的公平性,水库移民立法应当规定以政府作为移民补偿法律关系的主体;确立移民补偿投资法律关系的主体地位;以立法形式保证移民补偿方式的多样化;以法律形式规定给予库区经济结构调整的特别优惠政策等。     

论法治化财政

财政的法治化是公共财政建设的重要内容.本文讨论法治化财政的理想指标体系,并结合中国现实,对中国财政的法治化进程进行定性评价.理想的财政法治化指标体系至少应涵括六个方面的内容:财政的民主立法、财政的法律至上、财政法律体系的完备(健全性)、财政的权利保障度、财政的司法公正、财政行政行为的受约束程度.中国财政立法奉行了民主立法原则,但民主立法进程仍需进一步加快;财政行为的法律至上度有待进一步提高;财政法律体系虽已覆盖财政各领域,但立法层次低,立法质量不高,法律体系尚不够完备;财政的权利保障度和财政司法的公正性正在得到逐步改善;财政行政行为已经有了各种各样的法律约束,但是财政法律体系的不健全从根本上影响了约束程度.     

论“市场欺诈理论”与证券内幕交易民事责任因果关系的确立及借鉴

目前内幕交易民事责任因果关系问题是我国立法中的一个空白点。理论界对此问题做过大量探讨,但涉及内幕交易因果关系的理论基础和发展趋势及我国应采用的基本观点还缺乏必要的认识,为此从我国相关立法实践出发,借鉴"市场欺诈理论"和西方国家立法、司法实践,对完善我国证券内幕交易民事责任的因果关系问题提出建设性意见。     

What Can We Learn from the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizational Ethics

In November, 1991, the U.S. Congress enacted the U.S. Federal Sentencing Guidelines legislation which had a dramatic impact on corporate America. Can the Guidelines be used as a model or framework by other countries? Could other countries in the world benefit from adopting a similar piece of legislation? Are there any limitations to consider? In addressing these issues, the authors make the argument that the time has arrived for other countries to consider the development of legislation similar to the Guidelines in order to improve organizational ethics.     

浅谈非全日制人员的养老保险问题

本文对非全日制用工的养老保险问题浅议,主要是围绕非全日制人员的特殊性,非全日制人员养老保险的立法现状以及如何完善相关规定等问题进行探讨。     

Sexual harassment in the hospitality industry

Recent media coverage of sexual-harassment cases and new federal legislation have made this area of law even more dangerous for employers who are not monitoring their work environment     

非WTO国际法规范适用于WTO文化贸易的可行性——以中美文化产品案的法律适用问题为视角

WTO法律体系不是一个封闭的法律怪圈,非WTO国际法规范在理论上具有适用于WTO案件的可能性与必要性,在实践中WTO争端解决机构也曾适用非WTO国际法规范解决成员方的贸易争端。适用的渊源包括一般法律原则和国际条约,适用的方式包括直接适用和"作为解释的证据和材料"。而中国在中美文化产品案中的败诉凸显出WTO的文化贸易立法不具自足性,无法保证成员有效维护本国文化主权。在WTO现有文化贸易立法之外,存在适用《文化多样性公约》等非WTO国际法规范的可行性。认识到这一点,对于处于国际文化贸易弱势地位的中国具有另辟蹊径的现实意义。     

The Impacts of the California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act on Consumers

In late 1987 the California Beverage Container Recycling and Litter Reduction Act went into effect. Like mandatory beverage deposit legislation in other states, this Act is designed to promote returns through the payment of a redemption value. However, unlike traditional legislation, the Act attempts to promote recycling with lower redemption values and more state intervention. This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the impacts of beverage container recycling legislation on consumers. Applying this methodology to California, it is found that the Act will significantly reduce beverage container solid waste and litter, but the net benefits of the Act depend critically on consumers' valuations of intangible benefits.     

多哈回合背景下美国农业保护政策分析

《2008年农业法案》关系到美国在多哈回合农业谈判中的立场,将对处于关键时刻的谈判产生重要影响。如果新法案增加或维持某些农产品现有的补贴水平,对于多哈回合谈判而言肯定是一种倒退。美国的农业立法直接影响了美国的农业政策,从而促进了农产品贸易。中国作为一个农业大国,并非农业强国。加入世贸组织六年多的实践证明,有必要了解发达农业国家的立法情况,借鉴先进的农业大国的经验,以此来完善我国农业的立法。并推动中国的农业现代化进程。     

Saying Nothing With Words

Good legislation depends on clearly articulated policy objectives. This paper argues that a significant threat to effective consumer protection is posed by fuzzy thinking at the policy-making stage. Three major Australian law reform initiatives are examined: the Contracts Review Act 1980 (New South Wales); new uniform truth in lending laws; and product liability legislation. In each case, effective policy choices were left unresolved, either because the choice was politically too difficult or simply because of a failure by the policy makers to perceive that there was a choice needing to be made. In each case, the problem has been disguised by resort to drafting at a high level of abstraction, and this serves to make rhetorical claims in support of the legislation seem plausible. The truth, however, is that legislation drafted this way is bound to be indeterminate and it is left to the courts to invent policy as part of the interpretation process. This is not a legitimate judicial function.     

Below-cost legislation: lessons from the Republic of Ireland

This article traces the emergence, evolution and demise of below-cost legislation in the grocery industry in the Republic of Ireland. The article adds to our understanding of the legislation by adopting the view that, by using the net invoice price as its definition of cost, the legislation increased two streams of quasi-rents, first on suppliers' brands and second on retailers' own brands, which acted to depress competitive forces and direct supplier–buyer negotiations to off-invoice discounts. Supplier-generated quasi-rents financed discounts and, when coupled with retailers' higher margins on their own brands, provided little incentive for a return to a price-competitive environment. Two factors undermined this situation: the substitution of discounters' products for suppliers' brands as the discounters share of the market grew and the increase in cross-border shopping. These had the combined effect of reducing the available quasi-rents earned in the Irish market, resulting in the breakdown of the status quo and a return to price competition. Through its impact on negotiations, the legislation also introduced inefficiencies to both retailers' and suppliers' businesses, representing additional waste that could have been more productively used to reduce consumer prices. The article endorses the Government's decision to rescind the order and remove an important constraint on both vertical and horizontal competitions. Lessons from the Republic of Ireland suggest that the competitive response to the removal of below-cost legislation, and reductions in prices, may take time and will depend on economic circumstances and a change in the prevailing norms of organisational behaviour and quasi-rent seeking opportunities.     

解雇保护视野下预告期制度研究

预告期制度是解雇保护框架下的重要程序设计,与代通知金相比,其对拟解雇的无过错员工的保护更加全面。我国现行劳动立法仅规定了在员工无过错的情形下应当预告解雇,而对于预告解雇中预告期制度的相关内容缺乏安排,导致实务中出现诸多疑难问题。因此,有必要在理论上定位预告期的法律属性,并从立法上完善预告期制度的内部设计。     

Does Stricter Employment Protection Legislation Promote Self-employment?

Using recently developed indicators of the strictness of employment protection legislation in OECD countries, the paper examines the issue of whether strict employment protection legislation may promote self-employment by encouraging employers to contract-out work to self-employed workers. Contrary to the results of previous studies, the paper finds little evidence for a positive relationship between self-employment and the strictness of EPL. While the raw data suggest that a positive relationship may indeed exist, once suitable control variables are introduced into the analysis, it appears that if anything, the opposite may be true: i.e. stricter employment protection legislation may actually reduce self-employment.     

Gauging the Effects of Lowering the Blood Alcohol Concentration from 0.10 to 0.08 on the Hospitality Industry

ABSTRACT

Every year in the US, over 20% of all traffic fatalities are caused by drunk drivers. The average Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of fatally injured drivers is 0.17, with almost half of these have a BAC of 0.20 or higher. In October of 2000, a new federal law was passed requiring states to lower the BAC from 0.10 to 0.08 or lose millions in highway funding. Proponents of this legislation feel it will save over 500 lives a year. Those opposed feel this law will target the social drinker, overburden the justice system, and will not address the real problem, the habitual drunk driver. This study looks at these issues concentrating on: other laws that could affect the number of alcohol-related fatalities; the number of fatalities involving habitual offenders; legislative efforts in the state of Indiana; and the effect this legislation could have on the hospitality industry.     

行政立法裁量与法律优先原则之间的权衡——以《环境行政处罚听证程序规定》第五条为分析对象

“法律优先”是行政立法所应遵循的原则之一。它意味着行政立法应受宪法和法律的约束。它是保障行政法规、规章合法有效的前提和基础。同时由于不同地区部门之间存在的巨大差异性,需要行政机关制定相应的行政法规规章,将法律规定具体化,以保障法律的有效实施。因此,从这一点来说,行政立法过程中需要根据实际情况进行适度的裁量。如何处理好行政立法裁量与法律优先原则,是行政立法活动所必须解决的问题,也是确保行政立法活动合法有效的关键所在。