公司治理结构对内部控制有效性的影响

本文以2006年12月31日以前在中国上市的1162个上市公司为样本,用实证方法研究公司治理结构对内部控制有效性的影响。研究发现:年终股东大会出席率与公司内部控制有效性显著正相关;国有控股公司在财务报告质量上显著优于其他公司;董事会实际规模和监事会规模与公司绩效显著正相关;董事长兼任总经理会显著降低财务报告质量;设立审计委员会与公司绩效显著正相关;管理层的诚信和道德价值观念与公司内部控制有效性显著正相关;管理者的风险偏好与内部控制有效性呈显著的 U 型关系;管理层对员工胜任能力的重视程度与公司经营绩效和对法律法规遵循显著正相关;董事会监事会两会会议频率和第一大股东的控制力对内部控制有效性没有显著影响。     

浅析企业集团内部资本市场有效性的影响因素

改革开放以来,我国经济快速的发展,各个企业在经营和管理上都得到了较大的提高,当前大型企业集团的发展受到了高度重视,因为它们是我国目前的经济实行改革的重点,所以对于企业集团内部的资源管理模式进行改善,提高企业集团内部资本市场的效率,可以帮助我国的经济稳定快速的发展.笔者将根据国内的资本市场环境结合一些案例研究我国资本市场的有效性和它的影响因素,以供企业参考.     

资本市场发展与货币政策有效性的研究

迄今为止,众多的论著在讨论货币政策效应问题时,仍然偏重于分析实体经济和信贷市场,而忽视了资本市场的发展对货币政策有效性的影响,在某种程度上,这是导致我国货币政策效率不充分的一个重要原因.     

对公司治理结构与资本市场关系的思考

公司治理结构与企业的绩效是密不可分的。由于我国国有企业的产权结构畸形问题始终没有彻底得到解决,导致公司治理结构存在很大缺陷。根据我国的实际情况,完善公司治理结构的路径是多方面的,其中之一就是要充分协调与资本市场的关系。     

我国企业集团内部资本市场的形成机制分析

我国企业集团内部资本市场存在三种形成机制:一是基于集团发展战略而形成;二是国有企业重组上市而形成;三是民营企业借壳上市而形成。基于集团发展战略而形成的企业集团内部资本市场承担了节约交易成本及弥补外部资本市场欠缺的功能。但国有企业改制上市和民营企业借壳上市所形成的集团内部资本市场则先天具有一定的机会主义特征。     

我国资本市场有效性分析

资本市场是长期资金借贷和证券交易的场所,是联系投资者和筹资者的纽带。资本市场的有效性有助于发挥资源的优化配置,给予投资者合理回报,促进资本市场健康有序发展。当下中国资本市场与西方发达国家相比还存在较大差距,文章从分析中国有效性不足出发,为资本市场改革提供相关政策建议。     

内部资本市场与外部资本市场比较分析

内部资本市场与外部资本市场都是企业集团资金筹集和投放的市场。企业集团的资本配置过程需要经过内、外部两个资本市场。目前大部分企业对内部资本市场与外部资本市场认识不够深入,对两个市场的功效产生错误的理解。因此,对内部资本市场和外部市场进行比较研究有很重要的意义,不仅仅使得企业了解内外部资本市场的区别更了解他们之间的关系,有利于企业合理安排筹资,促进发展。     

内部资本市场与外部资本市场比较分析

内部资本市场与外部资本市场都是企业集团资金筹集和投放的市场。企业集团的资本配置过程需要经过内、外部两个资本市场。目前大部分企业对内部资本市场与外部资本市场认识不够深入,对两个市场的功效产生错误的理解。因此,对内部资本市场和外部市场进行比较研究有很重要的意义,不仅仅使得企业了解内外部资本市场的区别更了解他们之间的关系,有利于企业合理安排筹资,促进发展。     

资本市场与企业法人治理结构的改善研究

我国经济体制改革的核心问题是国有企业改革,国有企业改革的核心在微观层面上是企业制度创新,企业制度创新的核心是企业治理结构的完善与创新,而这一切要想取得实质性的进展,突破口就在资本市场。资本市场的一个重要功能就是推进国有企业产权制度的改革,推进企业法人治理结构的改善,从根本上实现企业制度的创新。国有股权可借助资本市场所提供的运作平台,通过各种进入和退出的方式,其中主要是采用退出的方式,优化我国企业目前畸形的股权结构,促进企业法人治理结构的改善,这便是资本市场促进企业法人治理结构改善的运作机制。     

A Multinational Perspective on Capital Structure Choice and Internal Capital Markets

This paper analyzes the capital structures of foreign affiliates and internal capital markets of multinational corporations. Ten percent higher local tax rates are associated with 2.8% higher debt/asset ratios, with internal borrowing being particularly sensitive to taxes. Multinational affiliates are financed with less external debt in countries with underdeveloped capital markets or weak creditor rights, reflecting significantly higher local borrowing costs. Instrumental variable analysis indicates that greater borrowing from parent companies substitutes for three‐quarters of reduced external borrowing induced by capital market conditions. Multinational firms appear to employ internal capital markets opportunistically to overcome imperfections in external capital markets.     

内部资本市场：组织载体、交易与租金

本文首先对内部资本市场存在于多元化企业集团的观点提出了质疑,认为多元化可以扩大内部资本市场的运作空间,但不是判断企业集团是否存在内部资本市场的必要条件；其次对内部资本市场交易按其特征进行分类,并对其与关联交易的区别进行了辨析；最后从组织租金视角研究内部资本市场的本质,界定了内部资本市场租金的内涵,提出内部资本市场的本质是租金的创造与分配。     

The Bright Side of Internal Capital Markets

We examine capital expenditure decisions of discount firms in response to Wal-Mart's entry into their markets. Before Wal-Mart's entry, focused incumbents and discount divisions of diversified incumbents are similar in size, geographic dispersion, and firm debt levels. However, discount divisions of diversified firms are significantly more productive. After Wal-Mart's entry, diversified firms are quicker to either "exit" the discount business or "stay and fight." Also, their capital expenditures are more sensitive to the productivity of their discount business. Internal capital markets function well, as transfers are away from the worsening discount divisions. It appears diversified firms make better investment decisions.     

Internal Capital Markets, Bank Borrowing, and Financing Constraints: Evidence from Belgian Firms

In Belgium, financial and industrial groupings play a crucial role in the accumulation and allocation of capital in the economy. In this paper, it is hypothesized that Belgian firms for which investment is partly financed on an internal capital market, will not be subject to financing constraints to the same extent as firms which have to borrow from banks. Moreover, it is hypothesized that firms belonging to a group, transfer internal surpluses of funds to other group members by investing in financial assets. An empirical analysis confirms the first hypothesis, but rejects the second hypothesis.     

Opening the Black Box: Internal Capital Markets and Managerial Power

We analyze the internal capital markets of a multinational conglomerate, using a unique panel data set of planned and actual allocations to business units and a survey of unit CEOs. Following cash windfalls, more powerful managers obtain larger allocations and increase investment substantially more than their less connected peers. We identify cash windfalls as a source of misallocation of capital, as more powerful managers overinvest and their units exhibit lower ex post performance and productivity. These findings contribute to our understanding of frictions in resource allocation within firms and point to an important channel through which power may lead to inefficiencies.     

Learning about Internal Capital Markets from Corporate Spin-offs

We examine the investment behavior of firms before and after being spun off from their parent companies. Their investment after the spin-off is significantly more sensitive to measures of investment opportunities (e.g., industry Tobin's Q or industry investment) than it is before the spin-off. Spin-offs tend to cut investment in low Q industries and increase investment in high Q industries. These changes are observed primarily in spin-offs of firms in industries unrelated to the parents' industries and in spin-offs where the stock market reacts favorably to the spin-off announcement. Our findings suggest that spin-offs may improve the allocation of capital.     

How Entrenchment, Incentives and Governance Influence REIT Capital Structure

Although recent literature has confirmed the importance of viewing a firm??s capital structure choices of leverage and debt maturity as jointly determined, to date there has been little analysis of the importance of traditional governance variables on a firm??s capital structure decisions using a simultaneous equations approach. We examine the influence of managerial incentives, traditional managerial monitoring mechanisms and managerial entrenchment on the capital structure of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs). Using panel data, we estimate a system of simultaneous equations for leverage and maturity and find that firms with entrenched CEOs use less leverage and shorter maturity debt. This is consistent with the expectation that managers acting in their own self interest will choose lower leverage to reduce liquidity risk and use short maturity debt to preserve their ability to enhance their compensation and reputations by empire building. We also find evidence that traditional alignment mechanisms such as equity and option ownership have an offsetting effect; and that firms where the founder serves as CEO choose higher leverage and longer maturity debt. The results also provide evidence that leverage and maturity are substitutes, firms with high profitability and growth opportunities use less leverage and firms with liquid assets use more leverage and longer maturity debt.     

民营企业资本结构与公司治理结构分析

民营企业的公司治理结构不健全主要是资金结构不合理、政府职能不到位以及企业自身原因所造成的.应推进金融体制改革,培育信用环境,提高风险识别能力,加强政府协调,改善民营企业的外部融资环境,优化资本结构,健全公司治理结构,解决民营企业融资难问题     

多元化公司内部资本市场配置效率——国外相关研究述评与启示

内部资本市场理论是理解多元化公司内部资金配置最重要的理论之一,本文介绍了多元化公司内部资本市场理论的研究进展,分别围绕内部资本市场的配置效率、测度方法以及内部资本市场与多元化公司价值的实证检验等几个方面,对国外已有的文献进行回顾与梳理,并阐述了内部资本市场理论对我国经济改革与发展具有的重要现实意义。