资源枯竭型城镇的困境凸现和贫困加剧的成因

资源提前枯竭和城镇经济衰退造成贫困程度加深已成为我国资源枯竭型城镇面对的一个十分严峻的现实问题。造成资源提前枯竭的最关键原因是“制度短缺”,而造成城镇经济衰退和贫困程度加深的原因则是多方面的:资源开发管理制度存在缺陷,资源禀赋的不可逆性,产业结构单一,替代产业缺位,城市功能的历史缺失,生态环境质量的不断递减,资源再生基础被破坏,知识、人力资源以及历史文化传统的短缺等因素共同影响着资源枯竭型城镇的经济发展。     

东北地区资源型城市贫困问题研究

东北地区是我国资源型城市密集分布区,随着经济体制改革的不断深入和当地不可再生资源的逐渐枯竭。东北地区资源型城市的贫困问题日益显现。东北地区资源型城市的贫困问题既关系到当地资源型城市的社会稳定,又关系到东北振兴的大局,应引起高度重视。面对日益恶化的资源型城市贫困状况,文章对东北地区部分典型的资源型城市贫困的成因进行了分析,在此基础上从产业结构调整升级、职业技能培训、生态环境整治、体制创新和资金支持等方面对其城市贫困提出了解决对策。     

资源枯竭，一个陈陈相因的神话!

一、存在“资源枯竭”吗？ 从2001年开始,“资源枯竭”的呼声高涨,经济增长缓慢,就业压力大,贫困现象严重,群体性事件蜂起,这主要发生在资源型城市。“资源枯竭”成为当时的社会热点。在此背景下,笔者持续追踪研究了几个最困难的“资源枯竭型城市”。     

新时期资源型城镇的可持续发展研究

新时期我国资源型城镇面临资源枯竭、生态恶化等问题,为此本文首先对此类资源型城镇的发展状况做了总体性分析。在此基础上深入归纳了当前资源型城镇面临的主要问题,例如生态恶化、产业机构单一,土地浪费,布局混乱等,以此为依据,结合可持续发展理念提出了改善和促进资源型小城镇的发展策略。     

资源枯竭型城市：问题与对策

目前，我国一些资源型城市面临资源枯竭、经济衰退、环境恶化等一系列问题。对此应切实采取有效措施，处理好各方面矛盾，实现城市转型。但是必须从实际出发，既要政府合理干预，也要符合市场经济原则。     

经济发展新常态下的扶贫思路浅析

经济发展进入新常态,要全面建成小康社会,关键之一是要做好新时期扶贫。贫困不仅仅是一个经济问题,更是一个复杂的社会问题。由于环境恶劣、资源枯竭、产业布局失误等原因,带来我国目前贫困形态多种多样。而我国目前主要采取输血型、关怀型、造血型、开发型等扶贫模式,虽然这些扶贫模式对我国消除贫困起到了巨大的促进作用,但其弊端也日益凸显。我国经济进入新的发展常态,给扶贫工作带来了新的压力,同时也面临着新的机遇。只有完善扶贫工作模式,创新扶贫思路,才能从根本上解决我国的贫困问题。     

解决好城镇贫困问题

我国的城镇贫困有两个特点，一是阶层性、结构性和区域性贫困并存，绝对数量较大。阶层性贫困是由于贫困者个人和家庭原因引起的，主要是指因老弱病残及其它个人生存和劳动能力障碍、家庭过高的赡养负担和意外情况的发生等原因造成的贫困，这种贫困在任何国家和任何制度下都是存在的。结构性贫困是由于在经济结构调整和产业升级的过程中，我国的传统产业缺乏发展的支撑，使这些产业中的贫困人数比重大，而一些新兴的产业、高科技产业、垄断性产业贫困人数比重小。二是绝对贫困和相对贫困并存，贫困程度较深。绝对贫困主要表现为个人或家庭的…     

"三林问题"的关键是林权改革——伊春市的调查

本文以国家级资源枯竭型产业转型和林权改革"双试点单位"伊春市为典型案例,分析了林业资源枯竭型城市以林业资源枯竭、林区经济危困、林工生计困难为特征的"三林问题"及其形成的原因,探讨了林权改革与天保工程、产业转型和社会稳定的关系。本文认为,以林权改革为突破口解决林业资源枯竭型城市"三林问题"方向正确,措施可行,但仍有需加以完善之处。     

我国资源型城市可持续发展的实践与探索——国内资源枯竭型城市十年经济转型经验与展望

实现资源枯竭型城市经济转型和可持续发展,是当前我国经济社会发展的重大理论和现实问题。我国资源枯竭型城市经济转型历经十年,取得了显著成效。把体制机制创新作为推进资源枯竭型城市经济转型的强大动力,把转变经济发展方式作为资源枯竭型城市经济转型的主线,把着力解决民生问题作为资源枯竭型城市经济转型的出发点和落脚点,把大力发展民营经济作为资源枯竭型城市经济转型的突破口,把环境整治和生态建设放在资源枯竭型城市经济转型的突出位置,充分发挥中央财力性转移支付资金对资源枯竭型城市经济转型的引导作用,把招商引资和项目建设作为资源枯竭型城市经济转型的有效载体,把营造良好的外部环境作为资源枯竭型城市经济转型的关键环节,是我国资源枯竭型城市十年经济转型的宝贵经验。在我国工业化、城镇化快速发展的今天,在国内重工业化发展速度和水平不断提高、资源开采规模和速度不断扩大的背景下,系统总结这些经验,对促进我国资源型城市的可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。     

资源枯竭矿业城市就业问题研究

资源枯竭是工业化社会的问题。从德国的鲁尔、法国的洛林到美国的休斯敦、前苏联的巴库、日本的九州,不同类型的国家的矿业城市都经历过资源枯竭、经济衰退带来的痛苦。但是, 我国资源枯竭矿业城市的问题要复杂和严重得多。按照矿山数量,8000多座矿山中400多座资源枯竭,同时,2/3处于中老年期。按照城市数量,宽泛标准的全国矿业城市426座,进入老年期的54座;严格标准的全国矿业城市118座,其中30个资源枯竭。因此,有的专家把大规模资源枯竭矿业城市问题归结为与“三农”问题并列的“四矿”问题(矿山、矿业、矿城、矿工)。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...