海峡两岸贸易试行以人民币结算的探讨

随着海峡两岸经贸往来的不断深入,两岸贸易以人民币结算的需求日益迫切。海峡西岸经济区的区域战略安排,客观上也要求福建省要加大人民币在两岸的区域化进程。本文从分析周边区域贸易现状入手,剖析两岸货物贸易对人民币结算的现实需求,总结福建省对台小额贸易推行以人民币结算的实践经验,提出推进两岸贸易以人民币计价结算试点的措施建议。     

海峡两岸贸易投资人民币结算可行性研究

在世界经济步入下行周期、两岸ECFA生效及早收清单启动落实的背景下,两岸业界将人民币作为贸易投资结算货币的需求日益迫切。本文围绕着两岸贸易投资人民币结算的可行性问题,分析人民币成为两岸跨境结算货币的现实基础和制度障碍,阐述国际贸易结算货币选择的理论依据,并对推进两岸贸易投资人民币结算进行具体的政策设计。     

深化两岸货币合作

随着两岸货币清算体系的建立,两岸货币合作进入新的历史阶段,极大促进了两岸间贸易投资的自由化和便利化两岸货币合作进入直接合作阶段两岸货币合作主要是指两岸货币监管部门就人民币与新台币的汇兑、结算等业务所作出的制度安排。自1987年以来,伴随两岸人员往来和经贸交流不断发展,两岸货币合作逐步推进。     

跨境贸易人民币结算助推人民币国际化

自从2009年我国跨境贸易人民币结算在五个城市成功试水,跨境贸易人民币结算试点范围随之逐步扩大,商业银行代理的跨境贸易人民币业务加速扩张并进入了高速发展阶段。本文从现状出发,在介绍了跨境贸易人民币结算对人民币国际化的推进作用之后,指出了人民币跨境结算的影响因素及实际结算业务中存在的主要问题,最后从支付清算体系建设、人民币投资渠道拓宽、金融产品创新及金融风险监管等方面提出了推进人民币跨境结算、提升人民币国际化进程的解决思路。     

跨境贸易人民币结算助推人民币国际化

自从2009年我国跨境贸易人民币结算在五个城市成功试水,跨境贸易人民币结算试点范围随之逐步扩大,商业银行代理的跨境贸易人民币业务加速扩张并进入了高速发展阶段。本文从现状出发,在介绍了跨境贸易人民币结算对人民币国际化的推进作用之后,指出了人民币跨境结算的影响因素及实际结算业务中存在的主要问题,最后从支付清算体系建设、人民币投资渠道拓宽、金融产品创新及金融风险监管等方面提出了推进人民币跨境结算、提升人民币国际化进程的解决思路。     

人民币国际化的微观基础——国有大中型企业参与跨境贸易人民币结算的视角

跨境贸易人民币结算对中资企业避免汇率风险、保证资金安全、实现国际结算便捷与独立,提高国际信誉发挥了重要作用。跨境贸易结算中出现的部分企业的套汇和套利活动随着国内金融改革的完善而下降,大多数企业参与结算主要出于真实的贸易结算需求;长远来看,人民币国际化符合企业利益和国家利益。未来,国有大中型企业仍将在人民币国际化进程中扮演重要角色,需要政府通过制度创新,如,建立人民币跨境支付体系、提高银行业金融服务水平和人民币资本项目可兑换,为企业提高国际化水平和竞争水平提供支持。     

香港人民币离岸市场：初入道仍需扶

自跨境贸易人民币结算全面展开以来,香港离岸人民币市场总体上发展迅速,并呈现出一些新的趋势,值得深入分析。多面开花离岸人民币业务快速发展,香港人民币离岸金融中心的基本框架初步成型。在人民币跨境贸易结算的推动下,离岸人民币业务快速发展,并在香港初步形成人民币离岸金融中心的基本框架。首先,香港离岸人民币存款规模快速增长。自2009年7月跨境贸易人民币结算试点至2011年年底,香港银行体系人民币存量在短短两年半时间内从不足560亿元增长至5885亿元.     

有关跨境贸易人民币结算的研究

自2009年跨境贸易人民币进行试点以来,到2015年已有五年多的时间,这阶段,在国家、各商业银行和境内外企业等各方的相互配合下,人民币跨境贸易结算发展迅猛.本文主要结合当今的发展形势,以跨境贸易人民币结算的背景及必要性、现状及影响、存在的问题及解决对策为切入点,探讨人民币跨境贸易结算发展的相关问题.     

跨境贸易人民币结算与人民币国际化实现路径

本文以跨境贸易人民币结算和人民币国际化实现路径为视角,基于文献梳理、理论分析和实证检验,对两者之间的逻辑关联和作用机制进行了系统分析。研究发现,以跨境贸易人民币结算推动人民币国际化具有现实必然性和历史可考性,且须在遵循国际货币职能递进的假设下分阶段实现人民币国际化;现实考察亦显示,跨境贸易人民币结算推动了人民币的跨境和国际使用,拓展了人民币跨境金融交易渠道,促进了人民币离岸市场发展;实证分析进一步显示,跨境贸易人民币结算对人民币国际化具有显著的影响,人民币互换和离岸人民币存款会对人民币国际化产生重要影响。基于此,本文从宏观政策、金融环境和企业环境三个方面提出了政策建议。     

“一带一路”经贸发展是否促进了人民币国际化--基于人民币跨境结算影响因素的实证研究

扩大人民币在"一带一路"的结算规模是人民币逐步有序实现国际化的关键起点,本文以中国与"一带一路"经贸合作和人民币跨境结算之间的关系为研究切入点,基于2010年至2019年的宏观数据,构建VECM模型和ARDL模型分析了人民币跨境结算经常项和资本项的影响因素。结果表明,中国对"一带一路"货物贸易进口、服务贸易出口、FDI增长和非中国居民投资境内人民币债券等因素有效扩大了人民币跨境结算规模,人民币互换协议额的增长和中国产品差异性的增加对人民币国际化也有正面影响,中国与"一带一路"经贸合作规模扩大、金融机制沟通以及中国贸易品竞争力的提升有助于人民币国际化的推进;中国对非"一带一路"投资、对"一带一路"服务贸易进口及投资则对人民币跨境结算会产生负面影响或不显著;人民币有效汇率变化对跨境结算经常账户的长、短期作用不一致,中国大陆与香港地区贸易和投资、货币使用惯性等因素也对人民币跨境结算产生了重要影响。对此,人民币国际化需进一步提升"一带一路"贸易和投资质量,稳定香港国际金融和贸易中心地位,妥善解决中美互加关税和汇率争端问题,从而保持人民币离岸市场的健康发展,以构建人民币国际化的良好环境。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.