流通产业专业化与制造业空间集聚

流通产业专业化与制造业空间集聚是具有相互促进的作用,两者的联合可以促进双方的专业化、规模化程度,有利于市场竞争的提升。从当前发展情况看,流通产业专业化与制造业空间集聚的发展根源在于企业追求最大化市场利润,是企业对产业基础与外部条件的优化选择,从双边市场理论的角度看,流通产业专业化与制造业空间集聚还受到各种制约,从基础建设、观念和整体水平的提升上实现流通产业与制造业的集聚发展。     

董事高管责任保险与企业商业信用

基于董事高管责任保险的公司治理观和机会主义观,以中国A股上市公司为样本,实证检验董事高管责任保险对企业商业信用的影响。结果显示：企业认购董事高管责任保险有助于提高商业信用的获取水平,支持了董事高管责任保险的公司治理观。进一步研究发现：在内控质量更高以及非国有企业中,董事高管责任保险对企业商业信用的积极影响更明显;当外部政策不确定性更大及金融发展水平越低时,董事高管责任保险对企业获得商业信用的积极作用更强。     

中国制造业上市公司商业信用与投资支出相关性研究

当前中国资本市场发展程度远远落后于经济发展水平,是什么支撑了经济的发展？本文研究在不发达资本市场环境下,企业如何维持稳定长期资本投资力度;提出研究假设：商业信用对企业投资支出有促进作用。采用实证方法进行回归分析,结果表明：商业信用与企业投资支出水平之间呈现显著正相关;在非国有上市公司中,商业信用对企业投资支出的影响更大。     

企业异质性、垂直一体化与商业信用融资渠道

商业信用渠道对于缓解企业融资约束的重要性日益得到重视。本文从产业链垂直一体化的视角,研究了不同类型企业如何借助商业信用渠道实施融资,以及企业垂直一体化水平如何影响其对商业信用渠道的使用问题。不同于既有研究,本文发现企业垂直一体化水平的提升会显著降低其对商业信用渠道的依赖;垂直整合度低的企业更多地借助商业信用融资;相较于有着相近垂直一体化水平的民营企业而言,国有企业反而更加依赖商业信用渠道。这些结论对于理解我国异质企业所面临的融资制度结构差异及其融资行为特征有重要的启示意义。     

短期债务、商业信用与企业风险承担——基于上市非金融企业的实证研究

本文以2007-2017年A股上市公司数据为样本,研究商业信用和短期债务(仅包括企业短期借款和一年内到期的非流动负债两部分)两种融资方式对于企业风险承担影响的差异性,结果表明资产负债率越高的企业风险承担水平越低,商业信用会降低企业风险承担水平,短期债务能显著提高企业的风险承担水平;进一步将短期债务细分为短期债务比重高和比重低的两组,对比二者对于企业风险承担水平的影响时发现,短期债务比重较低时,适当增加它的比重能提高企业风险承担水平,当短期债务水平超过某一限度时,企业风险承担水平会随着短期债务比重的增加而降低;此外,研究还发现商业信用对短期债务与企业风险承担之间具有负向调节作用。企业在生产经营过程中需要结合自身的经营状况,恰当安排商业信用和短期债务的比例关系,形成合理的债务结构,建立相应的预警机制并充分发挥商业信用的调节作用,以降低企业风险。     

企业商业信用融资影响因素研究——基于管理人员研究经历的视角

本文以2008-2016年中国A股上市公司为样本,探讨管理人员研究经历对商业信用融资的"净效应"。研究结果表明,管理人员研究经历有助于企业获取更多的商业信用融资;相较于国有企业,管理人员研究经历有助于提升民营企业的商业信用融资;而当民营企业处于法治水平相对滞后的地区时,这种正向影响更为显著。关于作用机理的进一步研究表明,管理人员研究经历是通过强化企业内部控制建设、降低企业财务风险进而提升了企业获取商业信用的能力。     

产业政策、信贷配置与企业商业信用供给

本文以我国“十一五”和“十二五”规划为背景,基于2006—2015年沪深两市A股上市公司数据,理论分析并实证检验了产业政策对企业商业信用供给的影响,探究了其内在机制。研究发现,处于产业政策鼓励行业的企业,其商业信用供给水平更高,且产业政策对企业商业信用供给的正向作用在具有禀赋优势的大型国有企业中更为显著。进一步研究发现,产业政策通过增强受扶持企业短期债务融资能力提高企业商业信用供给,且地区金融发展水平越低,产业政策下企业商业信用供给行为越明显。本文在丰富企业商业信用供给影响因素研究的同时,也丰富了宏观经济政策影响微观企业行为的研究框架,为我国产业政策的制定提供了可能的经验证据。     

浅谈商业信用融资管理

负债经营是现代企业的主要经营特征,而作为其重要表现形式之一的商业信用融资对企业绩效有显著的促进作用。本文主要以优化企业管理为目的对商业信用融资的一些问题进行探讨,旨在引导企业能够合理有效的利用商业信用进行融资,保证企业生产经营顺利进行,进而实现企业价值最大化目标。     

企业金融化损害商业信用了吗?——来自中国A股市场的经验证据

本文以2007—2019年中国A股非金融上市公司为样本,从供应商视角研究了企业金融化对商业信用融资的影响。结果表明：企业金融化程度越高,从供应商处获取的商业信用越少,且相比于短期金融资产,企业配置长期金融资产对商业信用融资的负向影响更显著。机制检验表明：企业金融化会通过“财务风险机制”和“资源挤占机制”影响商业信用融资。进一步研究发现：在规模较大和市场地位较高的企业中,企业金融化对商业信用融资的负向影响得到缓解。本文为全面评价中国企业金融化的经济后果提供了新的研究视角,并从企业投资行为角度,为商业信用变化的影响因素及其内在逻辑提供了新的经验证据。     

中国企业社会责任约束商业信用之谜

前期大量文献研究表明,企业社会责任表现越好,其融资能力越强。然而,本文从现实案例出发,基于中国上市企业大样本研究发现,企业社会责任对商业信用融资存在显著负向影响,本文将这一独特现象称为“中国企业社会责任约束商业信用之谜”,并尝试提出“社会责任承担—面纱效应—供应商信用收缩”假说加以解释,对此提供了稳健丰富的经验证据。进一步从“信号质量模型”和“履责压力模型”双重视角的研究表明,由于中国社会责任尚处建设追赶期,制度环境不完善不到位,在信誉型信任、制度型信任、关系型信任水平较低的情况下,企业社会责任对商业信用融资的约束作用更显著,企业社会责任承担无法通过提供有良好质量的信号来提升其与供应商之间的信任水平;在经营风险水平较高、监督治理水平较差的情况下,企业社会责任对商业信用融资的约束作用更显著,企业社会责任承担无法通过形成正面归因和良好预期、降低供应商风险估计来吸引其支持。此外,有效的内部控制、治理结构和媒体监督是缓解面纱效应的重要途径。本研究为转型经济国家中企业承担社会责任的经济后果提供了补充,丰富和拓展了商业信用决策的影响机制研究,为企业承担社会责任和建立巩固与供应商良好关系提供了崭新的...     

Funding Liquidity without Banks: Evidence from a Shock to the Cost of Very Short‐Term Debt

In 2011, Colombia instituted a tax on repayment of bank loans, which increased the cost of short‐term bank credit more than long‐term credit. Firms responded by cutting short‐term loans for liquidity management purposes and increasing the use of cash and trade credit. In industries in which trade credit is more accessible (based on U.S. Compustat firms), we find substitution into accounts payable and little effect on cash and investment. Where trade credit is less available, firms increase cash and cut investment. Thus, trade credit provides an alternative source of liquidity that can insulate some firms from bank liquidity shocks.     

Is there an employee-based gender gap in informal financial markets? International evidence

We study the impact of female production workers on firms' access to trade credits across the world. Using two sources of plausibly exogenous variations in gender bias and a difference-in-differences framework, we document that firms with more female production workers have less access to trade credits in countries with stronger gender beliefs that favor males. This relationship is largely driven by firms in industries with unexpected credit shortages and industries dominated by males. Since female firms rely more on informal finance, this study is relevant for policies that direct female firms towards formal credit markets in highly gender-biased places.     

Trade Credit, Financial Intermediary Development, and Industry Growth

Recent work suggests that financial development is important for economic growth, since financial markets more effectively allocate capital to firms with high value projects. For firms in poorly developed financial markets, implicit borrowing in the form of trade credit may provide an alternative source of funds. We show that industries with higher dependence on trade credit financing exhibit higher rates of growth in countries with weaker financial institutions. Furthermore, consistent with barriers to trade credit access among young firms, we show that most of the effect that we report comes from growth in the size of preexisting firms.     

Formal finance and trade credit during China's transition

Using a large panel dataset of Chinese industrial firms, we find that poorly performing SOEs were more likely to redistribute credit to firms with less privileged access to loans via trade credit. While that could be consistent with the efficient redistribution of credit, it is more likely that these SOEs extended trade credit to prop up faltering customers that were in arrears. By contrast, profitable private domestic firms were more likely to extend trade credit than unprofitable ones. Trade credit likely provided a substitute for loans for these firms' customers that were shut out of formal credit markets. As biases in lending become less severe, the allocation of lending became more efficient, and the amount of trade credit extended by private firms declined. Our evidence implies that redistribution of bank loans via trade was not a major contributor to China's explosive growth.     

INTER-INDUSTRY DIFFERENCES IN THE RESPONSE OF TRADE CREDIT TO CHANGES IN MONETARY POLICY

Trade Credit is an important source of finance for firms and with increasing emphasis being placed on monetary policy in recent years in many western countries it is important to examine thk relationship between trade credit and monetary policy. This study uses a large firm-based data series to examine various hypotheses concerning the impact and determination of trade credit flows. The study demonstrates significant differences in the exogenous variables across industries and casts considerable doubt on the validity of earlier aggregated studies of the issue. It is also found that whilst there are dif- ferences between industries, tight monetary policy does not seem to be offset by an extension of net trade credit.     

Business credit information sharing and default risk of private firms

We investigate whether and how business credit information sharing helps to better assess the default risk of private firms. Private firms represent an ideal testing ground because they are smaller, more informationally opaque, riskier, and more dependent on trade credit and bank loans than public firms. Based on a representative panel dataset that comprises private firms from all major industries, we find that business credit information sharing substantially improves the quality of default predictions. The improvement is stronger for older firms and those with limited liability, and depends on the sharing of firms’ payment history and the number of firms covered by the local credit bureau office. The value of soft business credit information is higher the smaller the firms and the lower their distance from the local credit bureau office. Furthermore, in spatial and industry analyses we show that the higher the value of business credit information the lower the realized default rates. Our study highlights the channel through which business credit information sharing adds value and the factors that influence its strength.     

Firms' access to informal financing: The role of shared managers in trade credit access

We investigate how shared managers and directors (shared M&Ds) with major suppliers affect a firm's access to trade credit. Using a sample of listed firms in China, we find that shared M&Ds play an important role in helping firms obtain trade credit. This favorable effect is strengthened for firms with higher information asymmetry, located in regions with lower social trust, operating in more innovative and heterogeneous industries, and experiencing greater financial constraints. Our findings support the proposition that shared M&Ds can reduce information asymmetry and build mutual trust between firms and their suppliers. This study contributes to the literature on the benefits of social connections within supply chain relationships and the literature on the economic consequences of interlocked managers and directors.     

Domestic and foreign trade credit in the Netherlands an econometric analysis

In this study the determinants of both domestic and foreign trade credit are investigated. Data were obtained from about 1600 industrial firms in The Netherlands with 100 or more employees and covering the period 1957–1971. The main findings are as follows. In the first place, (net) trade credit turns out to be a structural source of funds for the weaker firms in the simple. Secondly, these weaker firms receive more (net) trade credit when monetary policy is tightened (this could be an argument for the authorities to pursue a general monetary policy). Finally, it appears that it is especially the buyer (debtor) who may ‘lead’ or ‘lag’ international payments in the short run.     

The signaling role of trade credit: Evidence from a counterfactual analysis

We quantify the signaling effect of trade credit on bank credit in a sample of US firms. Our identification strategy relies on the signaling model by Biais and Gollier (1997) and accounts for the endogeneity due to the possibility of self-selection and the simultaneity between banks’ and firms’ credit decisions. We find that: (i) firms’ self-select into trade credit; (ii) firms’ decision to use trade credit results in a higher chance of obtaining bank credit and a lower cost than the counterfactual ones they would have faced if not using trade credit.     

Trade credit and bank credit: Evidence from recent financial crises

This paper studies the effect of financial crises on trade credit for a sample of 890 firms in six emerging economies. Although the provision of trade credit increases right after a crisis, it contracts in the following months and years. Firms that are financially more vulnerable to crises extend less trade credit to their customers. We argue that the decline in aggregate trade credit ratios is driven by the reduction in the supply of trade credit that follows a bank credit crunch, consistent with the “redistribution view” of trade credit provision, whereby bank credit is redistributed via trade credit from financially stronger firms to weaker firms.