市场质量与交易机制改革——以上海证券市场收盘方式变动为例

引言 证券市场的基本作用是通过证券交易促进资源的有效配置.发达有效的证券市场可以使企业以较低的成本在发行市场筹集资金,更好地发挥其筹资和优化资源配置的功能.在以往对证券市场及资产定价理论的研究中,绝大多数研究都把交易机制作为外生变量,认为交易机制在整个价格形成中无关紧要.     

市场透明度改变影响交易者行为吗？

基于中国证券市场2003年12月8日提高市场透明度这一事件，本文对市场透明度提高对交易者行为的影响进行了研究。结果发现：市场透明度提高明显改变了交易者的交易策略，主要表现为交易者整体交易指令的激进程度降低，其中交易者减少提交市价指令，增加了撤单的频率。研究还发现，市场透明度提高导致交易者提交价格增进的限价指令的比例下降，而提交小额交易指令的比例增加，同时交易者对交易环境的改变具有学习与逐步适应的能力。     

上海证券市场质量评析

本文基于严谨的市场质量内涵,以上海证券市场整体为研究对象,在对上海证券市场质量进行系统分析的基础上,得出结论认为该市场具有较好的透明度和小额交易流动性,并已达到弱式有效,针对在市场波动性和大额交易流动性上存在的缺陷,建议引入基于竞争性做市商的混合驱动交易机制、做空交易机制,并完善现有大额交易制度来系统地提升市场整体质量水平。     

订单簿透明度对市场质量影响的实证研究

本文主要以行情揭示三档变五档的透明度变化事件来实证订单簿信息透明度对市场质量和订单行为的影响。结果发现,信息透明度提高之后,市场质量得到改善:一是市场流动性显著提高,二是市场波动性显著降低。其机理是透明度提高吸引了投机性投资者及流动性需求者提交订单,市场流动性得以提高,并降低了市场波动性,但是价格发现效率受到轻微影响。此外,研究还发现:(1)机构投资者下单数量和撤单数量减少,但是订单规模变大,表明其合并了小订单代之以大订单。(2)买单和卖单占比、订单久期、订单不平衡程度没有显著变化,但机构投资者撤单比例降低。     

债券市场的价格透明度

债券市场的价格透明度是资本市场发展及稳定的重要基础之一，电子交易的快速增长、信用衍生品与利率互换市场的发展。债券信息系统建设上的成就以及其它的市场发展推动了债券价格透明度的提高。总的来说，价格透明度的提高对债券市场有利有弊。     

资本市场的规范和发展关键在于市场化改革

PECC中国金融市场发展委员会主席、中国证监会前主席、中国建设银行前行长周道炯认为:资本市场的规范和发展关键在于市场化改革.一是进一步完善市场化发行机制.     

开放式回购：完善价格形成机制

本文主要研究国债市场引入开放式回购之后可能产生的积极市场影响，认为引入开放式回购之后将有利于国债市场的进一步活跃，有利于市场形成更为高效的价格发现机制和新型的交易模式，并有利于循序渐进地推动后续金融市场创新。     

交易成本调整能够改善期权市场质量吗?——来自上证50 ETF期权市场的经验证据

为了考察境内交易所交易经手费政策对期权市场的影响机制,本文以上证50 ETF期权为研究对象,选取成交量、成交持仓比和波动率作为期权活跃度、投机性和波动性的度量指标,利用期权历史交易数据实证分析上证50 ETF期权交易经手费的调整对期权市场质量的影响.结论表明,交易经手费对市场成交量和投机性具有反向影响,对波动性具有非对...     

Price-Formation Process of an Emerging Futures Market: Call Auction Versus Continuous Auction

This study assesses the market qualities of alternative price-formation processes for an emerging futures market—the Taiwan futures market. In 2002, the price formation process in the market changed during the period of trade between call auction and continuous auction. The performances of call auction and continuous auction are compared using intraday data. Empirical results show that the market is more liquid, and volatility is slightly lower, under continuous auction than under call auction. Also, there is robust evidence that continuous auction improves informative efficiency. The study suggests that for an emerging futures market like that of Taiwan, continuous auction offers a better trading environment for futures trading. In addition to demonstrating the virtue of continuous auction, this study also finds that the asymmetry in volatility is related to the price formation process. The asymmetry effect exists under continuous auction, but not under call auction.     

The Effect of Trading Halts on the Speed of Price Discovery

Trading halts are aimed at reducing information asymmetry by granting investors the opportunity to reassess trades upon arrival of new, substantial information. This study is the first to address the efficiency of the price discovery process with respect to time, i.e., the speed of adjustment to new information. A unique database allow us to conduct an event study analysis and measure the impact of trading halts on price discovery while controlling for content, operational and value effects. We find that information dissemination following trading halts is over 40% faster and that abnormal trading activity is positively related to the speed of price adjustment.     

证券交易的透明度与信息揭示制度：理论综述

证券交易过程中，交易信息的发布、扩散和传递方式对于各类市场参与者非常重要。目前关于信息揭示制度和交易透明度对市场运行效果的影响尚存在许多争议。本文讨论了交易透明度的含义、研究者和市场机构对于交易透明度的争论、交易透明度与市场绩效的关系，以及不同交易透明性的市场之间的竞争等问题，系统总结了目前与证券交易透明度和交易信息揭示有关的理论观点，以期把握交易信息揭示程度对市场产生的影响，以及由此引起的交易透明度对市场的运行效率产生的影响。     

期货市场交易结构、价格形成机制及其效率研究

做市商机制和连续竞价机制是现代期货市场主流的两类交易机制，连续竞价机制则成本较低，价格信号反应灵敏；做市商机制透明、公正，市场连续性较好，代表着期货市场交易机制的未来发展方向。通过对期货市场微观交易结构及价格形成机制的模型研究，结合我国的实际情况，比较考察了几种典型的期货交易机制在不同交易结构下的价格形成效率，对我国期货市场转型完善时期具有现实意义。     

Market Reform and Efficiency: The Case of KOSPI200 Options

The Korean government and exchange have identified a need to regulate excessive speculative trading and to protect domestic individual investors from foreign and professional traders. As such, they have proposed an options market reform that requires higher levels of margin accounts for options trading and that increases the basic options multipliers in the KOSPI200 options market. This study examines how this market reform affects the price disagreement and adjustment behaviors of the index options market. Our analyses indicate that the efficiency and information quality of out-of-the-money options trades have increased since the reform took effect.     

Price Discovery in the Treasury‐Bill When‐Issued Market

When‐issued (i.e., forward) trading in T‐bills yet to be auctioned provides a unique environment for examining price discovery. Because T‐bills are auctioned in a sealed‐bid process, when‐issued traders cannot observe the spot market price. Yet the forward price must ultimately converge on the auction outcome price. Our results indicate that traders in the when‐issued market “discover” the ultimate auction price. Little evidence is found that standard order flow variables contribute to price discovery. Instead, the ability to observe a few trades with relatively small volume in the when‐issued market is sufficient to discover the auction price resulting from the sealed‐bid process.     

Stock Exchange Reforms and Market Efficiency: the Italian Experience

This paper examines whether the reforms introduced by the Italian Stock Exchange from 1991 to 1994 (creation of specialised intermediaries, obligation to trade on the official markets, screen-based trading and cash settlement) did increase market efficiency. The issue is addressed using both the traditional information efficiency model, which tests market efficiency by verifying the predictability of prices conditional on some information subset, and a microstructure approach that measures efficiency as the distance of the price movements from their efficient components, represented by a random walk process. The joint analysis of daily and intraday data on prices and volumes validates the hypothesis that most of the reforms have increased market efficiency over the sample period, except for cash settlement, which appears to have substantially reduced it.     

Insider Trading in the Hong Kong Stock Market

Many previous studies on insider trading are based ondata in the U.S. capital market and conclude thatinsiders can earn abnormal profits. This paperexamines abnormal price performance associated withinsider trading in the Hong Kong stock market. We findthat abnormal profits associated with insider tradingare all concentrated on small firms. Trading volumedoes matter in determining the magnitude of thoseabnormal profits. Our results show that insiders ofmedium-sized and large firms do not earn abnormalprofits. Finally, it is found that outsiders who mimicthe information of insider trades associated withmedium-sized and large firms cannot earn abnormalprofits.     

Institutional Investor Participation and Stock Market Anomalies

This paper investigates the impact of institutional trading volume on stock market anomalies. The paper proposes a measure that evaluates the percentage of total trading volume of a stock accounted for by institutional trades. The empirical analyses using a large sample of firms from 1980–2005 provide strong evidence that the strength of stock market anomalies such as price momentum, post‐earnings announcement drift, the value premium, and the investment anomaly is decreasing in institutional trading volume. Additionally, the effects of institutional trading volume are stronger than those of institutional ownership, the major measure of institutional investor participation in the finance literature. These findings suggest that institutional trading significantly improves stock price efficiency.