公司社会绩效理论与经验研究评述

上世纪70年代以来,公司社会绩效概念的提出将一种模糊、存在泛化倾向的社会责任思潮与企业战略实践紧密结合在了一起,为人们界定和评估公司社会责任提供了一个日趋简明一致的模型。与此相应,西方学术界围绕公司社会绩效开展了广泛了理论和经验研究。文章对公司社会绩效的理论模式、测量方法、决定因素和财务效应等四个基本问题的研究现状进行了综述和评价,指出了当前研究的不足及这一研究领域进一步发展的方向。     

创业与家族企业研究前沿与热点:基于BibExcel词频软件的文献计量分析

为了识别近十年国外创业与家族企业领域知识体系的演进发展趋势，文章基于近10年国外创业与家族企业核心期刊的关键词数据，利用BibExcel词频分析法列出了创业与家族企业领域常见的理论视角与话题，并通过趋势分析，推测未来几年该领域的研究方向。研究发现，创业与家族企业领域的理论视角具有明显的多样化特征，主流管理理论增长趋势放缓，而创业和家族企业特有的理论视角得到了更频繁的关注。话题关键词部分，创业研究呈现出了多极发展的趋势，家族企业研究则对传统的话题如传承、代际创业与家族性等保持着一如既往的热度，而战略领域的主流话题在创业与家族企业领域也富有旺盛的活力，中小企业的筹资、投资行为是上升最快的议题，而家族企业与新创企业的非经济作用，如企业社会责任等也受到了更多重视。     

精益创业理论研究综述与展望

在"5G+工业"时代,创新创业越来越重要,并表现出变革性、高风险性、高回报性的特点。随着"大众创业,万众创新"蓬勃发展,学术界对精益创业理论越来越关注。本文对精益创业理论相关文献进行了系统性梳理,回顾了创业理论演进与精益创业理论的提出,对其概念内涵和精益创业研究架构进行分析,从回归顾客价值和周期性视角分析认知迭代循环过程机理和影响因素,对精益创业实践应用方法和相关实证研究进行归纳,对精益创业理论研究目前存在的主要问题和该理论的未来研究方向进行了展望,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

Will Entrepreneurship Promote Productivity Growth in China?

Based on data obtained from the Survey of Industrial Firms in China, the Chinese General Social Survey and prefecture‐level city data, this paper explores whether entrepreneurship will promote productivity growth in China. The research also examines whether entrepreneurship acts as a transmission mechanism affecting productivity through market competition, knowledge spillover and factor structure. Our empirical results reveal a relatively significant U‐shaped relationship between entrepreneurship and productivity and confirm the existence of a transmission mechanism of entrepreneurship. Among the three effects, the market competition effect is the most significant, followed by knowledge spillover and factor structure effects. An entrepreneurial heterogeneity test reveals that there is no significant difference between the effect of necessity entrepreneurship and overall entrepreneurship on productivity. However, a positive correlation is found between opportunistic entrepreneurship and productivity. Therefore, entrepreneurship plays a unique role in promoting economic growth in China.     

模仿创业研究综述与未来展望

模仿创业在中国独特的转型时期对经济增长具有一定推动作用,然而目前有关模仿创业的相关研究仍然较少,因而有必要对模仿创业相关研究进行系统梳理。该研究在梳理国内外相关文献基础上,试图明晰当前模仿创业的研究趋势,界定模仿创业概念内涵,提炼其特点及模仿方式,总结模仿创业的诱因及关键影响因素,揭示模仿创业产生的结果。最后将当前研究主题纳入一个综合研究框架,总结现有研究不足,并展望未来研究方向,以期为后续学者深入探究模仿创业提供启示。     

从创业竞赛到创业教育:对于我国大学创业教育的思考

本文回顾了我国从创业竞赛到创业教育的发展历程,指出了我国创业教育中的几个误区,结合南洋理工大学和斯坦福大学创业教育的经验,对于我国创业教育的发展提出了一些建议,指出我国应建立以综合能力为基础的创业教育体系。     

Traditional medicine: Perspectives and policies in health care development

Traditional medical systems have been re‐evaluated by governments and health care planners as neglected contributors to health care delivery in developing countries. In the paper, an overview of the three broad policies on traditional medicine which the governments of various African countries have followed — namely illegalisation, legalisation and tacit recognition — is presented. In several African countries, programmes have been developed which seek to promote traditional medicine or integrate traditional and western medical systems. Against the backdrop of government policy, the traditional medicine programmes in Zimbabwe and Ghana are discussed. The paper highlights the lack of both scholarly and policy—oriented research into traditional medical systems as a developmental issue in South Africa.     

Corporate Governance and Globalization

This survey gives an overview of the current state of knowledgeon the question of whether corporate-governance structures worldwideare determinants of differences in economic performance. Welook at the identities of owners, monitoring boards, and legalsystems and find that some, though not all, corporate-governancestructures give rise to differences in performance. The paperends with a tentative look at the prospects of corporate-governancestructures converging worldwide.     

Successful SMEs in South Africa: The case of clothing producers in the Witwatersrand

The objective in this article is to examine the key determinants of successful SME development in post-apartheid South Africa. The determinants of successful SME growth are investigated by concentrating upon one specific branch of manufacturing, namely clothing production in the Witwatersrand. The article unfolds through four sets of material. First, a review is undertaken of research concerning the factors influencing successful SMEs in sub-Saharan Africa. Major themes are the elements of successful individual enterprise, successful clusters of enterprises and of available research in South Africa. In section two, attention turns to the case study and outlines key features of the development of the South African clothing industry. Section three presents the findings from 27 detailed interviews conducted with successful clothing producers in the Witwatersrand. Overall, it is concluded that the South African research confirms certain of the findings relating to trajectories of successful SME development in other parts of Africa.     

家族企业国际化研究综述及未来展望

1991年Gallo 和Sveen开创了家族企业国际化研究,25年来该领域已经成功建立了理论合法性,并成为家族企业研究的重要前沿热点和国际化研究的特色方向,不过国内研究尚处于起步阶段。该领域研究的主要内容包括国际化的影响因素、进程及其绩效,研究方法越来越多地采用实证和案例研究,研究对象以欧洲和亚洲家族企业为主,基础理论以资源和能力视角、代理理论、管家理论和创业理论为主,运用社会情感财富理论的文献增加较快。未来研究应重视：深化家族影响企业国际化决策、路径选择及绩效的理论机制和实证检验;国际化对家族和企业的反向作用;制度环境等外生因素的影响机制与实证检验等。     

The Empirical Study on Interaction between Corporate Ownership and Board Structure

Corporate ownership, board structure and leadership structure are important internal governance mechanisms. They have effect on firm performance, and also are affected by many internal factors of the firm. In this paper, by means of theory and empirical analysis, we discuss the relation between ownership and board structure and the determinants of them, find some significant results such as management ownership which is affected by firm performance, as well as relates to outside director ownership. These findings tell us that there exist some substitutions and complement relations in govemance mechanisms, which is important to the research on manner that corporate governance works.     

Determinants of bilateral trade: evidence from ASEAN+3

In this research, we investigate the determinants of international trade, employing a dataset of bilateral trade and economics characteristics in the ASEAN+3 countries. We include a large number of independent variables that potentially drive international trade. We also use various standard gravity model variables to maintain consistency with the current literature. The results provide some important insights into the determinants of bilateral trade and offer policy implications regarding the promotion of international trade for governments worldwide. In particular, we find that output asymmetry between countries positively explains bilateral trade. Moreover, the findings suggest that making use of comparative advantage by differentiating the export product structure is important in promoting international trade. We do not find a consistent impact from bilateral exchange rate volatility on bilateral trade. This result points to the importance of providing opportunities for the hedging of currency uncertainty to avoid its adverse effects on trade. The results for other standard gravity model variables are consistent with the results of previous theoretical and empirical research.     

归国留学人员创业软环境研究——以杭州市为例

随着国内经济的迅速发展及各优惠政策的出台,许多留学人员选择回国创业,为国家和地区的发展作出了卓越的贡献。在创业城市的选择上,创业软环境的好坏已经成为决定留学归国人员取向的关键所在。本文以杭州为样本,对归国留学人员的创业软环境满意度进行调查,发现留学归国人员对杭州的人力资源环境和政策法制环境评价较高,而对创业金融支持环境和城市规划管理环境评价较低。针对留学归国人员创业发展中遇到的问题,文章提出了相应的解决策略,以期为改善留学人员创业软环境提供一些建议。     

三农创业实践驱动的学术问题与研究建议

改革开放40年中国经济与社会发生了天翻地覆的变化，创业功不可没。乡村振兴、共享经济、社会创业、三农变化、城乡互动等众多因素共同推动涉农创业，围绕农业、农村、农民的创业活动日趋活跃。但是，不能用工业化发展的逻辑振兴乡村，三农创业也不会是城市创业的自然延伸。挖掘三农创业实践中的学术问题，大力开展三农创业研究，不仅有助于为乡村振兴、精准扶贫、三农发展等政策建设建言献策，也有助于丰富和推动国内的创业研究。基于三农创业所展现出的活跃性和独特性，作者指出机会在未被充分利用的三农独特资源中孕育，资源、创业者等基本创业要素也正不断向三农集聚，呼吁学术界重视三农创业的研究工作。进一步地，文章从三农资源、企业家精神等角度切入，初步探讨了三农创业领域中可能具有学术价值的研究议题。最后，文章从三农创业实践出发，对三农创业的研究视野、研究情境、研究范围、研究层次和研究方法等应注意的问题提出了建议。     

众创空间类型如何塑造创业服务行为？基于制度逻辑视角的分析

文章基于制度逻辑视角,以浙江省746家众创空间为样本,分析了政府、高校、民营企业三类主体设立的众创空间和创业服务行为选择的关系。研究发现：（1）制度逻辑对众创空间的创业服务行为选择具有塑造作用,持有行政逻辑的政府型众创空间会将时间更多的分配给办公场所服务,而持有专业逻辑的高校型和持有公司逻辑的民企型众创空间,则分别会将时间更多的分配给培训咨询服务和投融资服务。上述发现在替换了其它两种因变量测量指标后依然成立。（2）国家级认证会使民企型众创空间显著减少在投融资服务上的时间分配比重,而显著增加在办公场所服务和培训咨询服务上的时间分配比重,这种调节效应在另外两类众创空间中并不显著,在替换了省级认证后结果依然成立。这表明,相较于公司逻辑,政府逻辑和专业逻辑更具稳定性,更不易受高阶制度因素的影响和干扰。文章拓展了制度逻辑和众创空间创业服务行为关系的理论认识,为创业者的众创空间入驻决策以及政府针对众创空间的政策制定提供了实践启示。     

Firm Dynamics and Innovation in the Netherlands A comment on Baumol

There is a growing consensus that entrepreneurship in the Schumpeterian sense plays a significant role in generating sustained rates of productivity growth. Empirical evidence for the role is scarce, owing to the difficulty in finding appropriate measures for such entrepreneurship. This note shows new ways to integrate theory and evidence and reviews some recent empirical evidence on cross-country differences in innovative activity.     

中国创业政策的历史变迁

随着改革开放的不断深入和非公有制经济合法地位的逐步确立,我国创业政策经历了一个历史变迁过程。创业政策的历史变迁与经济体制改革是同步的,并受社会就业形势的影响,大体分为四个阶段:第一阶段,鼓励个体经济发展的创业政策;第二阶段,鼓励私营经济发展的创业政策;第三阶段,鼓励非公有制经济发展的创业政策;第四阶段,鼓励以创业带动就业的政策。     

Overpopulation and unemployment in Zimbabwe

The size of Zimbabwe's African population has grown dramatically over the past 50 years, with 5.7 children on average being born per woman. The following factors are responsible for the rapid population growth in Zimbabwe: the country's economic prosperity during the period of the Central African Federation from 1953 to 1963, and its successful food policy before and after independence; the success of the health system, also in both periods; and the fact that women have not been incorporated into the economy as wage-earners. A brief historical overview is presented, followed by sections on the food policy and health system, reasons for the persistence of large families, and the relationship between wage-earning by women and the birth rate. The author also describes some of the problems caused by overpopulation. Engaging more women in regular wage-earning employment is the key to controlling the birth rate in Zimbabwe. Current government policies encouraging female employment in government services and the economy in general, along with the expansion of contraceptive services, could influence female fertility over the long term.     

学习导向、国际创业能力与天生国际化企业绩效关系研究

近些年来,国际创业逐渐成为创业研究的焦点之一,天生国际化企业作为一种特殊的国际创业形式吸引了众多国内外学者的关注。本研究基于142份天生国际化企业的调研样本,探究了天生国际化企业学习导向、国际创业能力和绩效的关系。实证结果表明,天生国际化企业学习导向对国际创业能力具有显著正影响,而国际创业能力又明显地影响到绩效,而且国际创业能力在学习导向和绩效之间起到中介作用,但天生国际化企业学习导向与绩效之间不存在明显的相关关系。最后,对研究结果进行了讨论,并指出了本研究的局限性以及将来可能的研究方向。     

从理性主义和经验主义看管理学的发展路径

文章通过分析各管理学派、理论与理性主义、经验主义的关系,试图清晰地展示出以经验主义和理性主义为导向的管理学发展路径。研究方法是导入理性主义和经验主义的主要区别,重点考察管理理论的创建原则和研究方法。采用将经典华莱士模型按照垂直轴线左右剖开的方式,把管理学的研究方法划分为理性研究和经验研究两大类加以考察,而不去考察上下剖开的理论研究和实证研究。用管理理论的创建原则和研究方法对不同管理学派和理论的梳理发现,管理学的发展路径大体经历了经验主义起源（19世纪末——20世纪40年代）、理性主义发展（20世纪50年代——80年代）、经验主义回归（20世纪80年代至今）这三个阶段。