不对称信息下供应链的协调机制研究

供应链是以资源外用为特征的集成企业网络,供应链管理强调用系统的观点提高整个供应链效率。对不对称信息环境下供应链管理中存在的问题进行分析,阐明影响协调机制的因素和协调机制的任务,进而建立更为有效的协调机制。     

VMI模式下基于批量生产的供应链协调研究

研究具有单一供应商和单一销售商的供应链系统协调机制,分析了VMI模式下两级供应链双边际化效应,建立VMI模式下基于大批量生产的供应链的两阶段博弈模型。研究分析了如何使供应商和销售商的利润最大化,进而表明在VMI模式下,可以减少缺货损失,有效提升供应商、销售商以及供应链的总体效益,更好的满足顾客需要。最终实现了独立个体和系统最优决策的一致性的供应链协调。     

VMI模式下基于批量生产的供应链协调研究

研究具有单一供应商和单一销售商的供应链系统协调机制,分析了VMI模式下两级供应链双边际化效应,建立VMI模式下基于大批量生产的供应链的两阶段博弈模型。研究分析了如何使供应商和销售商的利润最大化,进而表明＆VMI模式下,可以减少缺货损失,有效提升供应商、销售商以及供应链的总体效益,更好的满足顾客需要。最终实现了独立个体和系统最优决策的一致性的供应链协调。     

逆向供应链协调研究综述及展望

逆向供应链是实现节约资源保护环境的重要途径之一,逆向供应链协调是逆向供应链管理的核心问题。本文阐述了国内外诸多学者对逆向供应链协调优化的概念,从合同或契约协调机制、收益分享机制及奖惩激励机制三个方面分析总结近年来有关逆向供应链协调机制的国内外研究成果,并指出了逆向供应链协调机制的未来研究方向。     

基于目标冲突和需求不确定条件的供应链协调问题探讨

本文主要从供应链契约和信息沟通角度分析了供应链协调问题的产生及其原因,探讨了供应链协调机制的构建,目的是在供应链内部建立一个协调市场、销售、生产、采购、物流的管理机制,以降低供应链协调成本,提高企业整体运营效率.     

基于收益共享契约和回购契约的三级供应链联合协调机制

本文研究了随机市场需求下由制造商、分销商和零售商组成的三级供应链的协调问题。设计了联合应用收益共享契约和回购契约的三级供应链协调机制,分析证明了通过设计合理的契约参数能够实现供应链协调,并能实现供应链收益的不同分配,给出了在联合应用收益共享契约和回购契约机制下实现三级供应链协调的条件。最后,通过算例说明了机制设计的有效性,并做了相应的分析。     

基于联合决策的物流服务供应链协调

本文以物流服务供应链期望利润最大化为目标,建立集中决策、联合决策模式下物流服务供应链的利润模型,证明了联合决策机制可以实现物流服务供应链的协调。     

部分信息下考虑返回策略的供应链协调研究

研究了仅知需求的上下界信息条件下,基于最小最大后悔准则的供应链收益共享契约和返回策略的协调问题。运用Stackelberg非合作博弈理论,分别构建了分散式、收益共享情形下、集中式供应链中零售商订货和供应链内部协调机制。研究发现,当需求的上下界信息发生大幅变动时,供应链系统的利润变化很小。相比分散式供应链情形,收益共享协调机制可以大幅提高零售商以及供应链系统的利润,小幅降低制造商的利润。进一步的分析发现,无论需求上下界信息如何变化,收益共享协调机制下供应链的整体利润大于集中式供应链下系统的利润。     

面向敏捷分销供应链体系的博弈分析

敏捷供应链是强调对市场需求快速响应且能够获取竞争优势的供应链,本文分析了建立在合作基础上实现共赢目标的分销供应链企业博弈问题。由于信息的不完全以及决策主体和利益主体的不同,分销供应链企业在合作博弈的过程中必然会进行利益的协调和均衡,这成为分销供应链上各企业能够稳定合作的条件。本文提出了利益协调和均衡机制的三种主要表现形式,并以价格折扣为例分析出该协调和均衡的可能性以及其过程。     

供应链视角下竞技表演类体育产品协调机制研究

运用系统分析法和文献资料法对我国竞技表演类体育产品供应链内涵、市场特征、系统结构等进行研究,分析竞技表演类体育产品供应链失调的5大原因,并提出通过建立联合决策机制、综合考评激励机制、战略合作伙伴关系和契约机制、完善运动员的利益保障机制和供应链成员间信息沟通机制来共同协调我国竞技表演类体育产品供应链。     

Logistics Coordination in Dyads: Some Theoretical Foundations for EDI-Induced Redesign

Organizations are redesigning business processes in order to cope with changing organizational environments. Some of these redesigns are enabled by improved information technology. In this article, the redesign of logistics processes in dyadical partnerships is central. By focusing on the operational coordination between partners in the dyad, elements of a theory of logistics coordination are presented. A definition of coordination is given, the cause of coordination is assessed, and the factors that influence coordination are given. Uncertainty is identified as the core concept that causes and is simultaneously affected by coordination. Two process characteristics, "Degree of Freedom" and "Action Variety," are introduced to examine the potential of electronic data interchange (EDI) to redesign logistics coordination. EDI is perceived as a means that supports and intensifies coordination.     

信息时代组织协调新特点研究

今天所发生的信息技术革命,不是由生产的变化驱动的,而是由协调的变化驱动的。所以必须分析和了解集中化与分权化的矛盾、信息技术对组织结构的影响、不同环境对协调的影响、组织协调的阻碍因素、规范价值和组织文化的协调、从上级协调到团队协调的特点。     

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT COORDINATION MECHANISMS

There is growing interest from industry and academic disciplines regarding coordination in supply chains, particularly addressing coordination mechanisms available to eliminate sub‐optimization within supply chains. However, there is a disconnect between what is known in academic research about coordination mechanisms and what mechanisms practitioners apply and consider useful. This research fills a gap in the literature by conducting an in‐depth qualitative study of supply chain coordination mechanisms, primarily price, non‐price, and flow coordination mechanisms. Results suggest that: (1) managers prefer flow coordination mechanisms over price and non‐price coordination mechanisms; (2) supply chain orientation and learning orientation are important for the implementation of flow coordination mechanisms; and (3) technology, capital, and volume are not pre‐requisites for flow coordination mechanisms.     

旅游产业与区域经济发展耦合协调度实证分析——以黄山市为例

文章以黄山市为研究区域,运用耦合协调度模型实证分析了2004-2011年黄山市旅游产业与区域经济的耦合发展状况。研究得出结论：黄山市旅游产业与区域经济发展水平逐年提升,两系统耦合协调状况分为两个阶段,即2004-2007年的失调阶段与2008-2011年的协调阶段,当前两系统仅处于初级协调状态。黄山市应努力发挥旅游资源优势不断促进旅游业发展,使旅游产业与区域经济发展的耦合协调水平得到进一步提升。     

Analyzing a quantitative coordination relationship

Coordination is a crucial behavior in cooperative distributed problem solving (CDPS). Analyzing coordination requires an understanding of the interplay between the agents, their problem, and their environment. The core behaviors ofdistributed coordination in CDPS systems are the coherent specification and scheduling of tasks over the set of distributed agents working on sets of interrelated problems. The complexity of, and uncertainty about, the problem interrelationships make distributed task coordination difficult. This article describes a causal model of this process that links the interrelationships, calledcoordination relationships, to the local scheduling constraints of distributed agents. Besides coordination relationships, environmental uncertainty and the lack of infinite computational resources also make distributed coordination difficult.It is not only the presence or absence of a coordination relationship that is important, but its quantitative properties: how likely is it to appear, how significant is its effect, and so on. These aspects determine the usefulness of a particular coordination relationship in the context defined by an environment, a problem to be solved, and an agent architecture. This article discusses the analysis of coordination relationships, using as an example our abstract model for thefacilitates relationship. We detail the derivation and assumptions of this model and apply it to the design of a generalized coordination module that is separate from, and interfaces cleanly with, the local scheduler of a CDPS agent. A set of simulation experiments is described that test our assumptions and design process in the coordination of a group of real-time problem-solving agents.     

Incentives and Impacts of Vertical Coordination in a Food Production-Marketing Chain: A Non-cooperative Multi-Stage,Multi-Player Analysis

Vertical coordination in the form of contracts and integration is common where changing consumer preferences require producers to adapt to changing market situations that require a steady supply of quality controlled products. We identify two vertical coordination mechanisms that are common in the real world but often ignored by the literature due to their inherent complexity. Using economic models, we measure the incentives and impact of market agents’ strategic behavior and strategies along a hypothetical food production-marketing chain. Our results reestablish the importance and value of open market and contracts in a world where both are gradually replaced by consolidation and integration. We also find that in most types of vertical coordination there is a critical limit to the levels of coordination beyond which it is not profitable to coordinate. We recommend that competitive policies could focus more on market structure where independent firms thrive rather than on the degree of coordination per se.     

Coordination Structures and System Restrictiveness in Distributed Group Support Systems

Most GSS research has studied the impact of restricting group interaction to GSS-prescribed coordination structures with face-to-face groups, while Distributed GSS (DGSS) has been largely ignored. Due to the nature of mediated communication in asynchronous interaction, it is relatively difficult to coordinate distributed groups, and a special coordination structure must be arranged to overcome these difficulties. This study examines the effect of system restrictiveness of coordination structures in an asynchronous environment. A 2 × 2 factorial experiment was designed with two independent variables – sequential vs. parallel coordination mode, and with vs. without a leader – to construct coordination structures with varying degrees of restrictiveness. The study finds that less restrictive coordination structures are more appropriate to support asynchronously interacting distributed groups. Objective decision quality is equal for both parallel and sequential coordination mode, but is significantly better with a group leader. Groups with parallel coordination mode have a stronger belief that the decisions they made are of higher quality than those of groups with sequential coordination mode. In groups with a leader, communication effectiveness is better. Satisfaction with a decision process is higher in parallel coordination groups and in groups with a leader. There is also a significant interaction effect. Satisfaction with the decision process is higher in sequential coordination groups with a leader than sequential coordination groups without a leader.     

出口价格协调行为的反垄断法问题

我国出口贸易的现实情况表明,出口价格协调行为有其存在的必要性。但是,由于出口国和进口国反垄断法对于出口价格协调行为的不同态度,导致出口价格协调行为存在一定的法律风险。对此,我们应该从民间和国家两个层面采取各种有效措施,积极应对潜在的反垄断法律风险,以保护我国出口企业的利益。     

港口供应链协调评价研究

协调性是港口供应链运行的核心指标。本文提出了港口供应链协调评价指标体系,建立了协调评价模型,并运用协调度定量描述港口供应链协调性。