Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Intellectual Property Rights: Empirical Evidence from Different Income Groups

This study examines the impact of intellectual property rights (IPRs) on Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows by considering global data with three income groups classified by World Bank (i.e. high-, middle-, and low-income groups). The empirical model relates FDI inflows to IPRs, controlled by a set of known variables, namely GDP per capital, trade openness, real exchange rate, and real interest rate. The study covers panel data of between 35 and 100 countries for the period 1980–2014. The panel cointegration tests suggest that FDI inflow and IPRs with the other control variables are cointegrated for full countries and high-income group. Their estimated (long-run) coefficients are 0.04 and 0.18, respectively, but insignificant in the short-run. The impact (short-run) of TRIPS agreement is positive for full countries, but negative for low-income group. Non-causality tests further support the role of IPRs on FDI. Various transmission channels have been identified, in particularly for low-income countries. This study enlightens policymakers about the policy on creating a conducive and sustainable environment for IPRs in order to encourage FDI inflows to their countries.     

Financial Deepening and Economic Growth Linkages: A Panel Data Analysis

The paper examines whether a long-run relationship between financial development and economic growth exists employing panel integration and cointegration techniques for a dynamic heterogeneous panel of 15 OECD and 50 non-OECD countries over the period 1975–2000. Three different measures of financial deepening are used to capture the variety of different channels through which financial development can affect growth. Our findings support the existence of a single long-run equilibrium relation between financial deepening, economic growth and a set of control variables. Further, the evidence points to a bi-directional causality between financial deepening and growth. JEL no. O11, O16, C33     

FDI、国内资本与经济增长——1987-2001年中国省际面板数据的证据

本文基于1987-2001年中国省际面板数据,运用固定效应和随机效应分析进行实证研究发现:FDI作为“投资”本身对经济增长的直接作用并不显著,但它通过促进全要素生产率的提升和“挤入”国内自身的投资,从而间接地对经济增长产生了积极作用;国有部门在全社会固定投资中占居主导地位,它对经济增长的直接促进作用是显著的,但对全要素生产率并无明显作用;私人部门投资对经济增长没有直接促进作用,对全要素生产率也无显著影响。因而,相对于国内资本来说,FDI对中国经济增长的作用具有“催化剂”的性质。     

Innovation,Technology Transfer and Labor Productivity Linkages: Evidence from a Panel of Manufacturing Industries

The paper explores the linkages between labour productivity, innovation and technology spillovers in a panel of manufacturing industries. The roles of R&D, human capital and international trade are considered in stimulating innovation and/or facilitating technology transfer. Using panel-based unit root tests and cointegration analysis, the results indicate the existence of a single long-run equilibrium relation between labour productivity, innovation and technology transfer. Further, R&D, trade and human capital have statistically and, especially the latter, quantitatively important effects on labour productivity both directly via innovation and indirectly as they enhance technology diffusion. JEL no.  C23, L60, O30     

对中国国际贸易与FDI相互关系的重新检验

自从Mundell（1957）首次正式探讨国际贸易和FDI（外国直接投资）之间的关系并提出“替代模型”以来，已有众多学者相继提出了“互补关系论”、“不确定性关系论”和“一体化关系论”等各种其他理论。为检验国际贸易与FDI相互关系在中国的实际情况，本文采用协整检验的方法，分别运用外资企业数据、全国数据以及江苏省数据重新检验了国际贸易与FDI之间的长期相互关系。实证结果表明，外资企业的国际贸易与FDI之间存在长期稳定的相互促进关系，基于全国数据的国际贸易与FDI之间没有相互促进关系，基于江苏省数据的国际贸易和FDI之间只具有单向促进作用。本文在解释上述实证结果原因的基础上，给出了相关结论和启示。     

投资率与地方政府增值税税源——基于静态和动态面板数据模型的实证分析

文章从全国和省级两个层次,对我国投资率与地方政府增值税税源状况进行描述,并根据国民收入恒等式从理论上证明,提高投资率将会增加地方政府的增值税税源。在此基础上,使用静态和动态面板数据模型,就投资率对地方政府增值税税源的影响进行实证分析。研究结果表明:我国的投资率与地方政府增值税税源成倒U型曲线关系;地方政府增值税税源在时间上具有连续性。基于增值税税源因素的考虑,地方政府有推高投资率的动机,但过高的投资率将侵蚀地方政府增值税税源。我国地方政府应适当控制本辖区的投资率水平,并保持经济调控政策的稳定性。     

Crossing Borders: Foreign Investment and Sentiment in Korea

This study examines the effect of global investor sentiment on capital inflows in the Korean stock and bond markets using textual analysis. First, we conclude that global investor sentiment about Korea causes fluctuations in capital inflows to the Korean stock market. Second, global investor sentiment about Korea causes foreign investors to modify their investments but not by enough to cause drastic changes. Third, positive sentiment about Asia-Pacific countries results in more foreign investment in Korea. The results suggest that research on global investor sentiment provides insight into the determinants of capital flows and has implications for capital flow management policies.     

Revisiting South Korea's Import Demand Behavior: A Cointegration Analysis*

Using cointegration techniques, the present study re‐examines the long‐run relationships of South Korea's aggregate import demand behavior. The present study considers four domestic activity variables; namely, gross domestic product, gross domestic product minus exports, national cash flow and final expenditure components for aggregate import demand in South Korea. The sample period covers quarterly data from 1970 to 2002. The present study provides empirical evidence of a cointegrating relation in the South Korea's import demand in which it is significant to South Korea's trade policy implication, particularly to improve external balances.     

Estimating the export and import demand for manufactured goods: The role of FDI

In this paper we estimate the demand for exports and imports of manufactured goods for a panel containing the majority of the EU countries as well as the United States and Japan. The model includes as explanatory factors both the traditional determinants of trade and also the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI). We apply panel unit root and cointegration tests allowing for heterogeneity. Whereas there is no evidence of cointegration when using just the traditional formulation, the results are favorable to the existence of long-run relationships linking the variables of the augmented model. Moreover, the results point mainly to a complementary relationship between trade and FDI.     

Estimating the export and import demand for manufactured goods: The role of FDI

In this paper we estimate the demand for exports and imports of manufactured goods for a panel containing the majority of the EU countries as well as the United States and Japan. The model includes as explanatory factors both the traditional determinants of trade and also the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI). We apply panel unit root and cointegration tests allowing for heterogeneity. Whereas there is no evidence of cointegration when using just the traditional formulation, the results are favorable to the existence of long-run relationships linking the variables of the augmented model. Moreover, the results point mainly to a complementary relationship between trade and FDI.     

外商直接投资与江苏省农产品出口实证研究

近年来,江苏省农产品出口一直保持稳定增长。2012年江苏省农产品出口额达到30.6亿美元。外商直接投资对江苏省农产品出口的促进作用明显,利用农业FDI促进江苏省农产品出口。     

研发投入、知识存量与内资企业创新产出——基于高技术产业的经验分析

利用高技术产业面板数据实证检验研发投入和知识存量对内资企业创新产出的影响,研究发现:研发投入是内资企业创新商业化产出的主要驱动力,国内知识存量是决定内资企业创新中间产出的关键因素,国外技术引进有利于内资企业创新商业化产出但不利于创新中间产出,外商直接投资技术溢出对内资企业创新中间产出和创新商业化产出的影响均不显著。研究结论表明,加强研发投入和国内知识存量开发利用是提高内资企业创新产出的主要途径。     

Economic Growth and Income Inequality: Evidence from Dynamic Panel Investigation

This paper empirically investigates the effect of income inequality on economic growth using extended panel data covering a broad range of developing and developed countries. We use system generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques in a dynamic panel analysis, which alleviates the possible positive bias in difference GMM due to the persistence of lagged dependent variables as instruments. We find strong evidence of a negative effect on growth from income inequality, which contradicts the findings of Forbes [2000, September. A reassessment of the relationship between inequality and growth, American Economic Review, 90(4), pp. 869–887] and Li and Zou [1998, October. Income inequality is not harmful for growth: Theory and evidence, Review of Development Economics, 2(3), pp. 318–34]. Further analyses using combined Gini coefficients show that the difference can be overall attributed to the problem of omitted control variables and the differences in how the variations in inequality across countries are reflected. We also find that the negative effects of inequality on economic growth can be of great significance when using a sample of less developed countries or more recent inequality data set.     

FDI、进口与中国经济增长：两种技术溢出渠道的实证比较

本文在对中国全要素生产率（TFP）进行估算的基础上,分析了国内R＆D资本存量、基于FDI、进口的技术溢出效应对我国技术进步的影响,使之更好地说明FDI、进口与我国经济增长的关系。结果表明：国内R＆D资本存量与我国TFP有长期均衡关系,基于FDI和进口的技术溢出效应对我国TFP都产生了正的影响,而基于FDI的技术溢出效应对我国TFP的影响要大于基于进口的技术溢出效应对我国TFP的影响。