马克思贫困与反贫困思想探析

马克思贫困与反贫困思想在世界反贫困理论中占有非常重要的地位,也是我国反贫困事业的根本指导思想,对其加强研究具有非常重要的理论与现实意义。本文将从马克思贫困思想与马克思反贫困思想两方面展开探析,全面阐述马克思对贫困概念的理解、马克思对贫困人群的界定以及马克思贫困与反贫困思想的主要内容等。     

贫困与反贫困的理论探讨（下）

三、贫困的根源 3.1 对于贫困的产生及其持续存在的原因,解释的理由很多。从人口学角度找原因的,马尔萨斯是一个典型的代表。他提出著各的“人口法则”即“人口增殖力,比土地生产人类生活资料力,是无限地较为巨大,”并认为“贫穷,是这个法则绝对必然的结果。”认为英国的济贫法使得处于贫困的工人得以生存下来,还鼓励结婚,造成人口增加,这是“供养贫民以创造贫民”。只有通过“积极抑制”或“预防抑制”来减少人口,才能使人口     

青海城市贫困与反贫困研究

近年来,随着经济体制转轨、产业结构调整及各种社会经济政策的变化,青海城市人口在收入和实际生活水平上发生了较大分化,城市贫困问题日益显现。城市贫困不仅影响到经济社会的健康发展,也影响安定团结的政治局面,不利于和谐社会的构建。     

社会资本视角下我国城市贫困问题治理研究

我国城市贫困是伴随我国改革开放、国企改革进行而日渐凸显的问题,随着城镇化进程的进一步加速,该问题还将进一步演化,是我国社会经济发展进程中必须面对和解决的重大难题。本文从构建社会资本的视角,通过对我国城市贫困问题的剖析,说明社会资本对贫困的滋生以及反贫困制度安排有重大影响,从构建制度型社会资本和关系型社会资本的视角,提出提升贫困人口社会资本的政策性建议,以期为破解我国城市贫困这一难题提供政策建议。     

浅浅城市贫困现状及对策

随着经济体制改革的深入发展,面对激烈竞争的市场经济,城市贫困问题日趋突出,社会各界普遍关注,解决城市贫困问题已成为我区改革能否顺利推进的关键。带着这个问题,吕梁城调队对离石市城镇居民生活状况进行抽样调查,现分析如下。     

基于能力贫困与权利贫困视角的我国城市贫困原因分析——以甘肃省为例

城市贫困问题已成为中国改革和发展中急需解决的重要问题,治理城市贫困关系到稳定大局,实现“共同富裕”的发展目标,也是全面建设小康社会的必然要求。本文从能力贫困和权利贫困角度出发,结合甘肃省具体情况,对我国城市贫困原因进行了分析,并提出一些建议。     

我国城市贫困群体研究综述

转型期,我国城市贫困人口激增,引起社会各界关注.近年来,学界对我国城市贫困群体进行了广泛且深入的研究.文章从城市贫困群体的现状,城市贫困群体产生的原因及消除贫困的措施等3个方面对已有研究进行综述.     

中国农村贫困的新特征及反贫困对策研究

迅速而有效地缓解和逐步消除广泛存在于农村地区的贫困现象是中国经济社会发展面临的极具挑战和必须解决的重大课题。为落实党的十七大提出的"逐步提高扶贫开发水平"的战略布署,提高农村贫困人口的发展能力,必须深入研究当前我国农村贫困人口的构成以及所呈现的新特征,从而有针对性地提出反贫困的有效措施,高效地缓解和消除贫困。     

我国城市人口全口径统计模型研究

城市人口统计的偏离会造成城市规划和决策的失误,本文提出兼顾地域、职业及生活特征的全口径城市人口统计模型,除常住人口外还纳入符合一定判据的农村户口居民。本文提出包括人均GDP、收入、消费水平三类指标构成的城市人口判据,按东莞等3个市的数据验算结果表明,本方法算出的城市人口比按户籍法统计多30%～50%,比按地域法少15%左右,差异显著,且验算结果与3市实地调查相符。     

Targeted poverty investments and economic growth in China

In the mid-1980s, the Chinese government launched its ambitious poor area development policy, which was centered around a series of grant, credit, and Food-for-Work programs. Ironically, for the remainder of the 1980s rural poverty remained at about 90 to 100 million, or approximately 10% of the rural population. The lack of progress cannot necessarily be blamed on ineffective poor area policies, since much of the agricultural economy was mired in a deep recession between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. By the mid-1990s substantial additional poverty reduction had been achieved. Even in the late-1980s, farmers in many poor counties did better than the national average in terms of income growth. After accounting for the effects of macroeconomic elements, what factors can help explain the differences in performance among poor regions and between poor areas and rich ones? Can part of these differences be accounted for by poor area policies, in general, or by the way local and regional officials allocate their poor area investment funds, in particular?The overall objective of this paper is to analyze the effectiveness of Chinese poor area policy. Specifically, the paper seeks to meet three objectives. First, we want to understand the evolution of poor area policy since the mid-1980s, trying to deduce the true goals of central and regional poor area officials, as well as how these policies have been implemented in the provinces. Next, we want to understand the magnitude and scope of investment into poor areas, and examine if changes in these policies have affected the uses of the investment funds. Finally, we want to determine the effectiveness of the investment of poor area funds, analyzing which types of investments have generated growth, and which ones have not.     

梯度理论视角下广西北部湾经济区物流园区规划研究

区域物流规划一直是区域经济当中的一个重点内容。本文以梯度发展理论为基础,通过广西北部湾经济区物流园区的现状进行系统的分析,进而指出了其区域布局应该是以南宁为核心,钦州其次,最后是北海和防城港物流园区的策略。同时,还对物流园区的定位进行了系统的分析,得到以南宁为综合区域性物流园区,其它城市园区为城市型物流园区的战略思路。     

城乡统筹背景下河南省农村宅基地流转问题研究

在近年来我国市场经济日益深化及城市化进程的快速推进下,农村宅基地流转问题备受争议,成为理论研究的一大热点问题。本文在考察了城中村、城乡结合部及边远农村地区三个特定地域农村宅基地流转主要特点的基础上,指出农村宅基地流转的最大阻碍是土地法规制度的限制及农民乡土情结的束缚;而新农村建设、市场经济、人口城市化、城乡一体化及子女教育等因素构成推动其流转的主要动因。最后,提出了促进农村宅基地规范化流转的一些思考。以期为河南省农村宅基地有序流转及城乡统筹发展提供重要的理论依据及实践借鉴。     

基于关税内生化理论下的我国关税发展研究

近年来,作为宏观调控手段的关税政策被越来越多地运用,同时在金融危机形势下刺激出口、刺激国内经济复苏方面也有着积极的意义。本文从我国关税的起源和发展写起,基于关税内生化理论下分析我国关税的发展,最后提出了进一步完善我国关税的对策。     

马克思关于人的全面发展理论与全面建设小康社会

人的全面发展理论和全面建设小康社会理论是共产主义理论的重要组成部分。文章从马克思主义的基本原理这一独特视角出发,通过阐述人的全面发展理论的形成背景、基本内涵及全面建设小康社会在我国的实践,较为系统地论证了人的全面发展和全面建设小康社会之间的辩证关系,对我国今后的社会主义建设具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Conceptualising and implementing two community gardening projects on the Cape Flats,Cape Town

Two community gardening projects in the Cape Town Metropole, South Africa, were studied in terms of how their intended outcomes were conceptualised by programme stakeholders, and how programme implementation was perceived by the intended beneficiaries. Following a broadly qualitative approach, data collection methods included individual and group interviews, participant observation, and reviews of programme records. A model of short-term, medium-term, and long-term outcomes, as perceived by programme management and staff, was elicited. Gardeners generally were positive about the service delivery of the programme, and identified the provision of food for their households as the major change that the programme introduced in their lives. They achieved some savings on household food purchases, and improved their nutrition somewhat. They also reported some income generation, but they perceived it as too little. Finally, respondents were very positive about a range of social benefits obtained from participating in the projects.     

国外城市贫民窟改造及其对我国的启示

本文在对贫民窟的界定和全球分布情况做阐述的基础上,研究了国外城市贫民窟的改造途径,发现其改造主体多从以政府为主导,向政府、居民、社区和私人企业等多主体转变;在"住房战略"演变方面,从清除贫民窟、住房供应,向提供环境和服务、居住权保障和贫民窟的升级改造等方向发展。最后,指出当前我国城市棚户区改造中存在的问题,借鉴国外贫民窟改造方式,应将我国棚户区改造纳入城市总体建设规划当中,并采取多主体协作,为居民提供就业机会,旨在消除贫困。     

Emerging Urban Poverty and Effects of the Dibao Program on Alleviating Poverty in China

The present paper describes the current urban poverty situation,examines the factors affecting the probability of a household being in poverty and investigates how the urban minimum living standard guarantee (dibao) program helps poor people to get out of poverty. The targeting efficiency of the urban dibao program is discussed. The present study finds that the poverty rate of households with unemployed workers is much higher than that of households without unemployed workers. The urban dibao program is helpful in reducing poverty rates,but it does not reduce poverty rates too much. The government should place emphasis on helping laid-off and unemployed workers to become reemployed. The most urgent problem for the dibao program is improving the efficiency of targeting.