土耳其油气过境国地位分析

土耳其地处欧盟这一全球主要的油气消费市场和俄罗斯、里海、中东三大油气出口地区之间,地理区位优势使得土耳其成为重要的石油过境国,其天然气过境国地位也变得越来越重要.土耳其油气过境国重要地位主要体现在石油输送国角色日益加重、在建和计划修建的过境天然气管道众多、扼守土耳其海峡战略地位三个方面.土耳其油气过境国地位的发展受到大国关系、周边环境、国内局势的影响.目前,土耳其主要通过限制油轮外出土耳其海峡、反对LNG运输船进入土耳其海峡、争取过境天然气气源地多元化、加大天然气存储设施建设四项举措强化其油气过境国地位.     

Testing for market power in the U.S. motor carrier industry

During the 1980's, researchers noted a trend towards increased concentration in the general freight, less-than-truckload (LTL) portion of the U.S. motor carrier industry. The purpose of this study is to employ new empirical industrial organization techniques to determine whether the more concentrated, post-1980, LTL industry exerted monopoly pricing behavior and to compare the nature of pricing behavior before and after regulation reform. The results suggest that the trend toward increased industry concentration does not imply anti-competitive performance. Also, the results indicate the presence of regulation-induced market power several years prior to regulation reform in 1980.     

英国电力市场推出新的改革措施

2001年3月27日,英国能源大臣彼得·海恩和天然气与电力市场办公室(Ofgem)总裁卡勒姆·麦卡锡在伦敦宣布新的批发电力交易系统:新电力交易方案(New Electricity Trading Arrangements.NFTA)开始启用。这是在英国电力市场中推出的一项旨在可以使许多大用户从中获益的改革措施。新电力交易方案     

Estimating the Cost of Equity Capital Using Tobin's q

This paper presents a new technique for estimating a firm's cost of equity capital using Tobin's q ratio. Although based on the constant growth rate valuation model, the Tobin's q approach obviates the need for estimating the growth rate g. Moreover, the data required for implementing this new approach are readily available for large firms.     

2000年全国电力市场分析

本文对2000年全国经济形势和电力供需出现的新情况及一些热点问题进行了分析,对2001年经济及电力增长速度进行了预测。2001年我国GDP增长将达到8％左右。全社会需电量为14270亿kWh,同比增长6.5％。     

Conceptualizing digital and physical connectivity: The position of European cities in Internet backbone and air traffic flows

‘Digital’ telecommunication flows and ‘physical’ corporeal flows provide researchers with comprehensive indicators of the economic interactions between cities. However, previous research drawing on telecommunication-based measures of inter-urban connectivity has been hampered by inadequate conceptualizations and data. This paper draws on this observation to devise a new approach for measuring inter-urban connectivity based on a city’s insertion in Internet backbone networks. The straightforward example of air transport flows is thereby used to outline this approach. To investigate telecommunication and air passenger flows, use is made of European statistics on Internet eXchange Points and the MIDT airline database respectively. The approach is illustrated through a systematic comparison of the position of European cities in both types of networks. It is found that European cities assume largely similar hierarchical levels in terms of digital and physical information flows, albeit that the digital connectivity of centrally located European cities is often somewhat higher than that of peripheral cities with a similar levels of physical connectivity.     

培育竞争优势，提高煤炭企业市场竞争力

随着我国成功加入WTO和社会主义市场经济的进一步完善和发展，市场竞争日趋激烈，煤炭企业要想在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地，并谋求竞争能力的提高，就要立足于本行业、本企业的实际，大力实施竞争战略，努力培育企业自身特色，进而确立起企业竞争优势。重点抓好四大战略：     

市场环境下发电企业的运营风险控制

本文介绍了发电侧电力市场环境下,发电企业赖以规避市场风险的几种重要金融合约,并从规避市场风险的角度,提出了在发电侧电力市场的设计中,网、厂两家要考虑的一些重要问题.     

电力市场化改革中的风险分析和规避措施

本文对电力市场化改革可能出现的缺电风险、电价风险、厂网协调风险、环保风险、市场力风险等方面进行了分析,并提出了一定的规避措施。     

Interpenetration of organization and market : Japan's firm and market in comparison with the U.S.

Resource allocation mechanisms used in the market and within the firm are quite often a mixture of the pure market principle and the pure organization principle. Market principles penetrate into the firm's resource allocation and organization principles creep into the market allocation. Interpenetration occurs to remedy the failure of pure principles other in the market or in the organization. After presenting this new perspective, we analyze resource allocation mechanisms in Japan and the U.S. One conclusion is that interpenetration patterns are rather different between the two countries due to institutional, economic and societal differences. We also analyze the ways in which these differences affect Japanese and American corporate behavior in such areas as diversification strategy, corporate financing, and innovation and venture business activity.     

用先进文化推动先进生产力的发展

文化是人类独有的生存方式，是一个民族的精神记忆，是综合国力的重要体现，先进文化是民族精神的火炬，是鼓舞人民前进的号角。代表先进生产力的发展要求，必须以先进文化作支撑。没有先进文化的强力支撑，推动先进生产力发展，便会成为无源之水，无本之木。因此，大力加强先进文化建设，特别是企业文化建设，是企业实现超常规，     

Using the economics of platforms to understand the broadband-based market formation in the New Zealand Ultra-Fast Broadband Network

The government of New Zealand is currently building a nation-wide fibre-optics network, a project known as the Ultra-Fast Broadband (UFB) initiative. The UFB network will cover 75 percent of New Zealanders over 10 years and will cost NZD $1.5 billion to the New Zealand government. The technical and economic characteristics of the new network will have a deep impact on the current landscape of the telecommunications markets. Institutional arrangements are in place for the development of the New Zealand's UFB: a government-owned agency, Crown Fibre Holdings (CFH); private investors who jointly with CFH own the Local Fibre Companies (LFCs) which will operate the UFB; and Retail Service Providers (RSP) that will provide end-user services by purchasing wholesale services to the LFCs. Relying on a normative economics approach that uses recent advances in the theory of platform-based markets with cross-network effects – also known as theory of two-sided platforms – the paper proposes a novel view of the way markets over the UFB will unfold. On one hand, the theory is used to explain the rationale behind regulatory decisions already made and their effect on the development of UFB-based markets for contents and services. Such analysis is followed, on the other hand, by the introduction of a simple taxonomy for the RSPs which provides the framework to argue about the most likely scenarios for service deployment and competition to develop over the UFB. The analytical framework reveals that the UFB ecosystem will be fraught with cross-network externalities which are the basis for regulatory decisions already adopted and the source of particular forms of strategic behavior adopted by the UFB-based market innovators.     

中国天然气体制改革及对国内市场的影响

天然气体制改革在产业链不同环节各有侧重:上游领域的改革重点是破除垄断,有望形成以国有石油公司主导,其他企业补充的供应格局;中游环节的改革重点是管网公司输销业务分离和管网设施对第三方的公平公开准入,促进上下游直接交易,重构国内天然气市场的分销模式;下游环节的改革重点是培育充分竞争,使终端企业的资本化运作、多元化经营、信息化服务的趋势更加明显.天然气价格向供需双方协商定价的完全市场化方向发展,交易中心将在其中起到标杆作用.     

Demand for coffee in Sweden: The role of prices, preferences and market power

There is a widespread belief that consumer coffee prices are high relative to bean prices and that lower consumer prices would lead to substantial increases in bean exports from Third-World countries. This issue is evaluated by analysing how retail prices, preferences and market power influence coffee demand in Sweden. A demand function is estimated for the period 1968–2002 and used, together with information on import prices of coffee beans, to simulate an oligopoly model. This approach gives estimates of the maximum average degree of market power and shows how coffee demand would react to reductions in marginal cost to its minimum level. The maximum level of market power is found to be low, but it generates large spreads between consumer and bean prices because the price elasticity has low absolute values. Moreover, the impact of a price decrease would be small because long-run coffee demand is dominated by changes in the population structure in combination with different preferences across age groups. Hence, a change to perfect competition would only have a negligible effect on bean imports.     

国内动漫玩具第一股 广东奥飞动漫上市获批准

摩根士丹利研究部近日公布的资料显示,中国的动漫产业将在5-10年内实现产值达到占GDP的1%。无疑,中国的动漫卡通市场将进入一个高速增长期。近日,国内最大的动漫玩具企业——广东奥飞动漫文化股份有限公司（下称“奥飞动漫”）的首发申请已于近日获证监会发审委批准通过,并将成为国内第一家以动漫玩具为主业的上市公司。     

搭建走向美国的贸易平台--徐迎新谈中国纺织品服装贸易展览会(纽约)

由中国纺织工业协会主办，中国国际贸易促进委员会纺织行业分会、美国STS公司、YOUTHFUL USA公司承办的“中国纺织品服装贸易展览会（纽约）”，到今天已经走过了6年的历程。第七届展会将于2006年6月13日～15日如约在美国纽约举办。[编者按]     

Connectivity in the Commercial Internet

We study the 'backbone market' in the Internet. After discussing the structure of the Internet, we use an extension of the Katz-Shapiro network model to analyze the strategies that would be used by dominant backbone. We show that a larger backbone prefers a lower quality interconnection than the smaller one. We then analyze a 'targeted degradation' strategy where the larger backbone lowers the quality of interconnection to its smaller rivals in turn. Finally, we show that the qualitative results are robust to the possibility of 'multihoming' by clients.     

NVC电压无功自动补偿装置在煤矿的应用

本文主要介绍了电压无功自动补偿的原理和应用     

Roaming in the Mobile Internet

With the acquisition of UMTS licenses Mobile Operators (MOs), have often been obliged to deploy 3G network infrastructures covering at least a given percentage of users by a given date. This paper discusses the rationale for imposing these minimum coverage requirements by regulatory bodies. To that end, a model is built, which studies the incentives for MOs to compete for market share and over coverage within an unregulated environment where MOs are assumed to be free to enter sharing agreements and to negotiate a reciprocal roaming charge. Within this framework, it is first shown that MOs would deploy their infrastructure to guarantee the coverage of the entire territory (population), but they would avoid any network duplication in order to maximize rents from roaming revenues. It is then discussed whether a minimum coverage requirement is the best policy to reduce these excess rents, or whether alternative measures could be adopted which could serve other goals as well, such as the avoidance of network duplication.     

Segmenting a market in the making: Industrial market segmentation as construction

This paper takes an empirical starting point in a claim that Biacore, a pioneering Swedish producer of affinity biosensors, was “in the enviable position of creating its own market” (Abelin, 1997). An in-depth case study traces how Biacore undertook segmentation activities while shaping the market for its new product technology, affinity biosensors. This involved stabilising the modes of exchange with customers, the product and the identity of the company. The efforts of Biacore highlight a constructive dimension of market segmentation that hitherto has received little attention. Rather than a process of describing, deciding and taking action, Biacore engaged in the gradual construction of market segments through an interactive and iterative process involving close collaboration with early users. Simultaneously, the market for the new technology gained shaped. Thus, the paper reports a ‘markets from networks’ story illustrating how the practice of segmenting a market may have consequences for that market.