中印贸易合作的潜力及实现路径研究——基于随机前沿引力模型

在分析中印双边贸易结合度、相似度、互补性的基础上,利用随机前沿引力模型测算中国对印度的进口和出口效率,以及中印双边的贸易潜力,提出了中印贸易合作的实现路径。研究发现:中印双边贸易额稳步增加,但印度对华出口增长乏力,中方贸易顺差逐年扩大;中印两国贸易关系紧密,贸易产品互补性较强,且在两国主要出口市场的竞争性较弱;中国对印度的出口效率小于进口效率,出口和进口贸易潜力最大值分别为794亿美元、177亿美元;互相削减关税增加了两国的总经济效应,且印度的收益大于中国;印度加入上合组织促进了其与中国的贸易增长。建议中国扩大对印度的投资,增加从印度进口,积极推动RCEP尽快达成协议。     

中国进出口贸易对经济增长方式转变的影响分析

文章基于中国1980-2010年GDP和进出口的相关数据对中国进出口贸易和经济运行的轨迹进行分析,测算了外贸依存度、贡献率和拉动度三个指标。运用协整理论和格兰杰因果关系检验方法对中国进出口贸易与经济增长的关系进行实证分析。结果表明中国经济增长与出口之间是正相关的关系,出口增长对经济增长具有明显的促进作用:出口每增长1%,中国GDP将增长约0.714%;同时,经济增长与进口之间也是正相关的关系,弹性为0.0286,进口每增长1%,中国GDP将增长约0.0286%。因此,可以看出中国进出口贸易的增长都促进经济的增长。     

Im/Ex in May,2010：Exports Continued Recovery in May

On June 10, 2010, General Administration of Customs of the People＇s China （GAC） Republic of released the profile of China foreign trade import and export in May and the first five months of this year. China returned to a trade surplus in April on strong exports growth after posting its first monthly deficit in almost six years in March, and Chinas exports surged by 48.5 percent year on year in May, while the imports climbed 48.3 percent, the General Administration of Customs （GAC） announced.     

进出口贸易抑制了企业创新吗--基于收入差距的调节作用

开放经济下企业进出口与企业创新的关系备受学者们关注,但从收入差距的视角出发探讨进出口对企业创新的影响的相关研究较少。鉴于此,文章利用工业企业数据库与海关贸易数据库的合并数据,实证检验企业进出口、收入差距和企业创新三者之间的关系,结果显示:(1)出口依赖对企业创新无确定性作用,中间品进口依赖则不利于企业的创新活动;(2)收入差距显著抑制了企业的创新活动,但有效缓和了企业进口对企业创新的抑制作用;(3)收入差距对创新的作用受到地区人均收入水平的限制,人均收入越高,抑制作用越明显;(4)企业出口规模不会对收入差距的直接抑制作用产生明显的影响。研究结论对全面开放新格局下进出口贸易政策的调整以及中国企业向全球价值链高端攀升有一定的参考价值。     

THE IMPACT OF CURRENCY INCONVERTIBILITY ON TRADE FLOWS

This study investigates whether the relationship between the real exchange rate and trade volumes (exports, imports, and the trade balance) differs for countries with and without import restrictions. A theoretical model points out that in countries with import restrictions, the volume of imports is often constrained by the export income. A real depreciation should stimulate exports and then also stimulate imports, as the volume of exports limits the volume of imports. Empirical evidence for a large international sample confirms that trade elasticities with respect to the real exchange rate importantly depend on the presence of trade restrictions. This suggests that earlier work in this area that ignored the importance of such restrictions has been misleading.     

基于马歇尔—勒纳条件的中国茶叶贸易收支研究

马歇尔—勒纳条件是分析汇率变动对贸易收支影响的重要理论。本文采用我国1986～2008年茶叶进出口的序列数据,通过分析我国对不同经济体的茶叶进出口需求弹性,并构建实际有效汇率等因素与茶叶贸易收支的计量模型,研究了我国茶叶进出口与马歇尔—勒纳条件间的满足关系。研究表明,我国与不同国家的茶叶贸易收支受汇率变动的影响不同;就我国茶叶对外贸易总体而言,茶叶进口价格下降会增加进口额,出口价格上升会增加出口额;而人民币升值会改善我国茶叶贸易收支,人民币贬值会恶化我国茶叶贸易收支,且进出口需求弹性之和小于1。因此,我国茶叶贸易收支反向符合马歇尔—勒纳条件,这为汇率波动背景下科学处理茶叶贸易问题提供了重要的理论指导。     

US Economic Sanctions Against China: Who Gets Hurt?

The United States maintains a broad spectrum of economic sanctions against China ranging from export controls to prohibitions on certain imports. Our study finds that, although from a macroeconomic perspective, US sanctions have had no significant adverse effect on China's overall economic growth and trade between the two countries, they do have a negative impact on producers and consumers in both countries. US economic sanctions have hindered technology transfer to China and US investment in China. US restrictions on imports from China have caused deadweight losses for the US due to higher domestic production costs for import substitutes and a reduction in consumption. US export controls have hindered US exports to China and contributed to large US trade deficits with China. The export controls have also caused losses of high‐paid jobs in the United States and benefited competitors from other countries. In addition, US economic sanctions against China have had significant third‐party effects. China's diversification of imports to sources other than the United States may have a long‐term effect on US exports to China even after US economic sanctions against China are lifted.     

中国服务进出口贸易对第三产业就业效应——基于1982-2008年VAR和VEC的计量分析

基于对1982-2008年的服务贸易进出口额、第三产业就业数的时间序列数据的实证研究,结果表明：服务贸易出口与第三产业就业正相关,但服务贸易进口与第三产业就业负相关,并且从长期来看,服务贸易进口对第三产业就业负拉动效应大于服务贸易出口正拉动效应。短期内,服务贸易出口显著地促进第三产业就业的增加,服务贸易进口则与第三产业存在着并不显著的负相关关系。     

1980～2008外贸对四川经济增长的拉动

对外贸易和经济增长的关系问题历来是经济学的一个重要课题。运用计量法分析四川省1980~2008年的相关数据,并采用平稳性检验、协整检验、误差修正模型、Granger因果检验等手段进行检验,结果表明,四川省进、出口贸易和经济增长之间存在长期稳定关系;进、出口贸易增长分别对四川经济增长有正向拉动作用,相比之下,出口对经济增长的拉动比进口要大。     

Im/Ex in April, 2010： First Monthly Trade Deficit in Six Years

On April 10, 2010, General Administration of Customs of the People＇s Republic of China （GAC） released the profile of China foreign trade import and export in April and the first quarter of this year. China＇s trade balance turned red in March with the country＇s first monthly trade deficit in six years. The GAC attributed the March deficit to shrinking exports of labor-intensive products, surging imports and rising commodity prices.     

Exporters and Importers of Services: Firm‐Level Evidence on Italy

This work contributes to the growing literature on international trade in services at firm level. Our data set provides information on exports and imports of services (excluding transportation and travel) in 2008–09 for almost 3,000 Italian industrial and services firms, divided by partner country and type of service. We report a set of stylised facts on services trade and analyse the choice between export and foreign direct investment in services at the firm level. We find that the export and import of services are highly concentrated in just a few firms. Firm‐level variation in trade is positively correlated with firm size and productivity. Country‐level variation is to a large extent explained by the standard gravity variables: distance strongly reduces trade in services in spite of their intangibility. Smaller and less productive firms choose to export rather than sell through foreign affiliates, although there is some heterogeneity among service types.     

我国进口贸易结构与经济增长的相关性分析

本文通过分析进口贸易与我国国内生产总值增长的关系,肯定了进口贸易对我国国内生产总值增长的推动作用。并选择在我国进口贸易中具有代表性的日本、法国、俄罗斯和澳大利亚四国作为样本国,分析了在不同的进口贸易结构下,进口贸易对我国经济增长的不同促进作用。结果显示,扩大进口先进技术、关键设备和国内短缺的能源、原材料,促进资源进口的多元化,将更加有利于我国国内生产总值的增长。     

供给因素、结构变化、汇率与我国的双边贸易

基于考虑供给因素、结构变化的出口决定模型,采用两方程方法和单方程方法研究了外国GDP、中国GDP、结构变化、汇率与我国17个双边贸易之间的关系。研究表明:供给因素、结构变化对我国双边贸易有重要影响,供给因素对我国与美、澳、马、巴、新、泰、加进口及出口的影响存在严重的不对称性,结构变化对我国与德、印、加进口及出口的影响存在严重的不对称性,汇率对中国对15个贸易伙伴国出口与进口的影响存在严重的不对称性。采用出口除进口表示贸易收支做法的单方程方法的研究存在严重错误。经济增长模式对双边贸易有重要影响,人民币升值对我国双边贸易不平衡有一定的矫正作用,对改善我国双边贸易不平衡的国别分布有较大的积极作用。     

Determinants of Foreign Trade in China's Textile Industry

The article sets out to examine whether the volume of bilateral trade between China and 40 of its trading partners in the up-, mid-, and downstream segments of the textile industry is affected by factors such as GDP, per capita GDP, geographic distance, FDI outflows and inflows, openness to trade, and bilateral investment treaties. The significant negative correlation between import/export volume and distance reflects the close trading relations between China and the other countries of East Asia. A home market effect is evident for downstream exports. China's FDI outflows stimulate growth in midstream textile product exports.     

Globalization and female labor force participation: The role of trading partners

This paper uses industrial level data from 21 developing and emerging economies over the period of 1995–2013, to analyze the impact of globalization, in particular, trade orientation of industries onto female employment share. The fractional probit estimation reveals that taking cumulative measures of export and import share often camouflages the impact of trade on female employment. The disintegration of export and import share according to their trading partners reveals that exports and imports from the developed world alone contribute to higher female employment. Moreover, it is the low-tech exports to developed countries and high-tech imports from developed countries which results in an increase in female employment. These findings call for the strengthening of trade ties with the developed world, especially when it comes to promoting low-tech exports and high-tech imports. Our results also reveal that the trading links with the developed world can further enhance female employment if developing country possesses a greater pool of educated female labor force.     

2011年中国外贸200强

尽管外需仍然疲软,但2011年中国进出口总值仍然创下新高,进出口200强的上榜门槛也"水涨船高"。加工贸易企业的不断内迁使得2011年中国外贸版图发生了巨大改变,中西部地区将成为     

Foreign Direct Investment and Trade: A Study on Selected Brazilian Industries

This study aims to investigate whether foreign direct investment (FDI) growth improved the Brazilian foreign trade in the long run and whether there is a predictable relationship between a firm's FDI strategy and a firm's foreign trade. We applied moderated multiple regressions and generalized linear models to test the effects of FDI on both export and import equations of 11 Brazilian industries from 1996 to 2009. Our data sources include the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade Ministry, Central Bank of Brazil, and the Applied Research Institute. Results showed that FDI is correlated with increased exports in the short run, but not in the long run. In the long run, the positive relationship between FDI and exports will only occur for export-oriented industries in which resource-seeking strategies are preponderant. We found a positive relationship between imports and FDI in the short run, particularly in import-oriented industries. A negative relationship between FDI and imports was found in the long run.     

Imports and Exports at the Level of the Firm: Evidence from Belgium

This paper explores a newly available panel dataset merging balance sheet and international trade transaction data for Belgium. Both imports and exports appear to be highly concentrated among few firms and seem to have become more so over time. Focusing on manufacturing, we find that facts previously reported in the literature as applying only to exports actually apply to imports too. We note that the number of trading firms diminishes as the number of export destinations or import origins increases. The same is true if we consider the number of products traded. Our results generally point to a process of self‐selection in both export and import markets. Also, the productivity advantage of exporters reported in the literature may be overstated because imports were not considered. We find that firms that both import and export are the most productive, followed, in descending order, by importers only, exporters only and non‐traders. Our results also show the existence of fixed costs of imports, which appear to be of similar magnitude as those of exports.     

The nonequivalence of tariffs,import quotas,and voluntary export restraints

This paper compares the equilibrium levels of prices, imports, production and consumption under a tariff, an import quota, and a voluntary export restraint when each trade restriction is set so as to lead to the same quantity of imports. Competitive, domestic production monopoly, import monopoly, and export monopoly cases are examined. Voluntary export restraints are shown to have different effects than import quotas or tariffs, especially when some potential exporters remain outside the agreements.     

反倾销、反补贴和保障措施——三大贸易救济措施比较分析

众所周知,虽然世贸组织极力倡导国际贸易自由化,并通过多边贸易谈判机制推进国际贸易自由化的进程,但世贸组织并不排斥一定程度和形式的贸易保护,尤其是当大量进口对进口国产生消极影响时,允许进口国采取一定的贸易救济措施来限制进口。近年来,随着我国出口的持续高速增长,越来越多的国家开始频繁对我国的出口实施限制措施,本文通过对反倾销、反补贴和保障措施三大贸易救济措施的比较分析,为我国企业的应对提供了参考意见。