Cross‐border Mergers and Acquisitions and Financial Development: Evidence from Emerging Asia

This paper examines the relationship between cross‐border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and financial development in emerging Asian economies. Bilateral cross‐border M&A data for nine emerging Asian economies covering 2000–2009 are analyzed with a sample selection model and a panel data model. The estimation results show that although the banking sector still plays a crucial role in facilitating cross‐border M&A, the role of equity markets has increased in importance because, in addition to cash, the issuance of common stock and the exchange of stocks have become popular forms of payment for M&A deals. Because of the relatively thin market, the primary corporate bond market plays a limited role in supporting cross‐border M&A, which is in contrast to the primary public bond market. However, for the secondary market, the corporate bond market is more effective in facilitating cross‐border M&A. The results also show that financial development in terms of stock and bond markets in their home countries tends to become more important when the target firms reside in more developed countries. In addition to financial development, the paper shows that most cross‐border M&A are invested in technology‐related and resource‐based industries while cheap labor industries are relatively less attractive.     

Internet Adoption and Financial Development in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Evidence from Nigeria and Kenya

Financial development is influenced by the dynamics of multiple factors which have remained insufficiently explored up to date. In view of this, an attempt is made in this paper to investigate the impact of internet adoption on financial development in sub‐Saharan Africa, using Nigeria and Kenya as case studies. The dynamic ordinary least squares and vector error correction mechanism methods were employed in the study which revealed that the internet, complemented by financial openness, exerted a significant positive impact on financial development in the period 2000–16. The null hypothesis which states that the internet does not encourage financial development is therefore rejected. It follows that the level of financial development in both countries, and indeed most countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, could be enhanced by adopting appropriate policies that encourage more inclusive use of the internet. The policy recommendations of this study therefore include (i) relaxing the stringent requirements for licensing internet operators in order to make more services available for financial transactions, (ii) integrating internet technology into the national infrastructure framework in order to sustain its application, (iii) fostering local skills and expertise that will be maintaining internet infrastructure and (iv) providing a legal framework that protects personal information and ensures responsible usage of internet.     

The Impact of Political Influence on Appointees: Evidence from the Small Business Administration Disaster Loan Program

Presidential disaster declarations provide disaster aid through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and are known to be motivated by political factors as well as by need. The extent to which politics influence the Small Business Administration (SBA) disaster declaration decision, made by a presidential appointee, has not been previously measured. We use new data covering 1960–2013 to show that SBA declarations are subject to the same political influences as presidential declarations. Disasters occurring during reelection years, as well as those occurring in electorally important states, are more likely to receive SBA declarations. The effect of politics is stronger in the period prior to the passage of the Stafford Act in 1988, showing that the two types of declarations are substitutes for political purposes.     

金融科技对银行业务的冲击影响——基于VAR模型的实证分析

金融科技加快了银行“金融脱媒”的进程,研究金融科技对银行业务影响作用机理对商业银行的转型至关重要。利用VAR模型分析了2017—2022年商业银行贷款、存款、手续费及佣金净收入及对应市场第三方互联网支付交易规模等季度数据,通过建立VAR模型来分析金融科技对商业银行资产、负债、中间业务的冲击程度和相应解释贡献度。研究发现第三方互联网支付交易规模对商业银行的资产业务在前五期产生了较为明显的反向作用;此外余额宝的货币市场基金以及第三方互联网支付交易两者的联合依次对商业银行的负债、中间业务产生正向、反向的作用。     

Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Risk Behaviour of Small Farmers: An Empirical Evidence from Oyo North Agricultural Development Project,Nigeria

Abstract: This study examines the extent to which incorporation of elicited risk attitudes of farmers can help in farm planning. It also explores the possibility of explaining risk behaviour of farmers from their socio-economic characteristics. Age of farmers, farm income, family size, off farm income and loan procurement were found significant in this regard. Résumé: L'étude examine dans quelle mesure la prise en compte des attitudes à risque mises au jour chez les agricultcurs peut contribuer à la planification agricole. Elle explore également la possibilité d'expliquer 1e comportement à risque des agriculteurs par leurs caractéristiques socioéconomiques. L'âge des agriculteurs, le revenu agricole, la taille de la famille, 1a revenu autre qu'agricolc et 1'octroi des prêts sont jugés importants à cet égard.     

金融控股公司路径依赖的历史变迁和轨迹创新

在WTO的冲击下，中国将面临着分业经营和监管对国内外资金融机构混业经营的矛盾。在这样的背景下，金融控股公司是历史变迁所产生路径依赖后的必然发展。本文对这种路径依赖进行制度学派的分析后，提出了金融控股公司路径创新的建议。     

金融发展与经济增长:基于两部门模型的中国实证研究

有关金融发展与经济增长关系的研究越来越深入,本文的研究侧重于金融发展与经济增长关系的微观经济基础和关联机制,通过两部门模型揭示金融发展影响经济增长的两个方式：外部性和边际生产力差异。中国的实证检验结果表明,以M2为测度指标的金融发展与经济长期增长存在显著的正向关系,并且金融发展是经济增长的Granger原因。     

基于二阶Malmquist指数的台湾金融控股公司经营效率研究

以台湾在2003-2010年间营运的14家金控公司为研究对象,用数据包络分析法的BCC模型评估台湾金融控股公司的经营效率,进一步以Malmquist指数做跨期效率分析。研究结果显示管理矩阵上领先者为新光金,追随者为富邦金、国泰金与国票金,研究结果可为金融控股公司的管理者提供经营方向与决策参考。     

Distributional Impact of Globalization‐induced Migration: Evidence from a Nigerian Village

Abstract: One of the contentious issues about the globalization process is the mechanism by which globalization affects poverty and inequality. This paper explores one of the various strands of the globalization–inequality–poverty nexus. Using microlevel survey data from over 300 poor households in the small village of Umuluwe (about 30 miles west of the regional capital of Owerri) in south‐east Nigeria, the paper investigates whether individuals who migrate from the village to take advantage of the urban‐biased globalization process do better than non‐migrant villagers. The paper concludes that, while the migrant villagers tend to earn slightly higher incomes than the non‐migrant villagers, the poverty profiles of both categories of households are essentially the same. In other words, and contrary to conventional wisdom, globalization has not succeeded in alleviating poverty amongst the poor villagers who explicitly took advantage of the process. The paper argues that, by changing relative prices in the urban areas, structural adjustment appears to have eliminated any advantage that globalization may have bequeathed to the migrant villagers.     

The Impact of SNAP on Material Hardships: Evidence From Broad‐Based Categorical Eligibility Expansions

This article examines whether expanding Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) eligibility reduces material hardships of low‐income households. During the Great Recession, many states expanded the income threshold of eligibility for SNAP. I show that expansions in eligibility increased the SNAP participation rate by 3–5 percentage points. I also find that the expansion leads to a modest decrease in nonfood hardships, such as rent and utility delinquencies. However, the increase in SNAP enrollment does not lead to greater food spending or a reduction in food insecurity except for households with children.     

Gender Inequalities and Economic Efficiency: New Evidence from Cassava‐based Farm Holdings in Rural South‐western Nigeria

Abstract: It is a widely accepted fact that persistent inequality between men and women constrains a society's productivity and ultimately slows its rate of economic growth. The economy pays for this inequality in reduced labour productivity today and diminished national output tomorrow. Motivated by this, the study aim is to assess the possibilities of enhancing productivity gains by improving the efficiency of small‐scale agriculture through gender‐responsive intra‐household allocation of resources in south‐western Nigeria. The study adopts a stochastic parametric decomposition method which yields efficiency measures that are not distorted by statistical noise to estimate the efficiency level of resource allocation by small‐scale cassava producers. The results indicate that average overall productive efficiency in the sample was 75.78 per cent, implying that small‐scale cassava farmers in the sample could reduce total variable cost by 24.22 per cent if they reduce labour, fertilizer, land and capital applications to levels observed in the changing input mix (technical efficiency) and then obtain optimal input mix for the given input prices and technology (allocative efficiency). The average technical efficiency and allocative efficiency indexes for the sample were 82.2 per cent and 92.2 per cent respectively. Also, evidence from empirical analysis of data from the male respondents showed that the average economic, technical and allocative efficiency indexes were 88.06 per cent, 89.34 per cent and 78.67 per cent respectively while the same computed for the female sample were 94.9 per cent, 74.85 per cent and 71.03 per cent respectively. Labour was the most limiting factor in cassava production suggesting that the technologies that enhance the productivity of labour are likely to achieve significant positive effects on cassava production. The paper shares the notion that producers' control over the means of production and impact of development are related and has influence on the economic efficiency and growth of society. Again, technical inefficiency constituted a more serious problem than allocative inefficiency, thus most cost savings will accrue to improvement in technical efficiency.     

资本账户开放对商业银行风险的影响研究——来自新兴经济体的经验证据

资本账户开放对一国宏观经济至关重要。文章总结了资本账户开放影响商业银行风险的财富与估值效应、周期效应、道德风险效应和竞争效应,利用2011-2017年期间22个新兴经济体111家商业银行的微观数据,构建动态面板广义矩估计(GMM)模型实证检验了资本账户开放对商业银行风险的影响,并且进行了异质性检验。实证结果显示:(1)资本账户开放与商业银行风险呈正U型关系。(2)资本越雄厚、规模越大的商业银行抵抗资本账户开放影响的能力越强。为避免银行体系风险的过度积累,政府应考虑银行业资本充足情况与宏观经济情况,不断探索宏观审慎工具,合理安排资本账户开放程度。     

融资约束、信息不对称与企业投资行为——来自中国上市公司的经验证据

以经济模型为前提,通过我国A股上市公司为样本,研究投资-现金流敏感性的主要影响因素。并得出结果:融资约束影响投资与现金流敏感性,以信息披露水平高低为代表的信息不对称程度对融资约束有重要影响,投资—现金流敏感性主要由信息不对称引起的融资约束所致。     

The Impact of Multinational Presence on Domestic Investment: Firm‐Level Evidence from South Korea

In order to analyze the effects of foreign multinationals' presence on domestic firms' investment, we use a detailed firm level data set from South Korea for the 2006–2014 period. We combine it with the input‐output tables provided by the Bank of Korea to construct industry level measures of multinational presence in sectors that are horizontally and vertically linked, and estimate dynamic investment equations that are augmented with these foreign presence measures. We find a positive and significant effect of foreign presence in both horizontally and vertically linked industries on domestic firm's investment rate, with larger effects arising from multinational presence in the supplying sectors. Quantitatively, a 2 percentage point increase in the presence of multinational suppliers increases the domestic firm's investment rate by 3.24 percentage points. We also find that this effect is larger for small and medium firms, private firms, nonexporters, firms that are not part of a chaebol, and for firms in external finance dependent industries. A similar 2 percentage point increase in the foreign presence in downstream sectors increases the investment rate of domestic suppliers by 0.55 percentage points. This effect is larger if the domestic firm is part of a chaebol, or is in a less external finance dependent industry. Investment increase by 0.53 percentage points following a 2 percentage point increase in horizontal linkages.     

商业信贷、关系型借贷与小企业信贷约束:来自江苏的证据

本文基于商业信贷与关系型贷款理论进行经验研究,探讨中国小企业(内资和外资)的融资渠道及信贷约束的成因。研究结果显示,作为利用银企间长期合作关系所产生“软信息”的“关系型借贷”在中国银行机构中并未得到有效使用;相比发达国家而言,商业信贷由于社会信用体系的整体缺位,其作用受到严重阻滞,这是形成中国小企业信贷约束与融资困境的主因,而且呈现“期限错配”和相互拖欠性质,构成宏观经济波动的一个微观基础因素;以固定资产为抵押担保的银行贷款要求加剧了小企业融资困境,构建以存货和应收款等动产抵押担保的金融安排是解决中国现阶段小企业信贷约束的现实取向。