上海市渔业结构的实证分析及调整对策

渔业结构调整是农民(包括渔民)增收的有效途径。本研究运用实证分析方法,结合量化指标H指数对上海渔业结构的动态变化以及不同区(县)渔业结构的水平进行了测度;同时,从资源层次、需求层次和宏观环境几方面对上海市渔业结构调整的客观依据做了较为深入的分析。在此基础上,从捕捞业与养殖业的关系、养殖业内部、水产加工业内部、常规渔业与生态渔业和休闲渔业的关系几个方面提出了上海市渔业结构调整的具体对策。     

山西渔业品种结构调整初探

<正> 随着市场经济的不断发展,渔业和大农业一样,产业结构和品种结构调整越来越成为各级渔业工作的重中之重。因为它是保持渔业可持续发展的重要举措,是保证渔业经济稳步增长的有效途径。现就山西渔业品种结构调整作一初步探讨。一、品种结构调整的必要性首先看三个统计数据:第一,据不完全统     

加入WTO与上海市渔业经济结构调整

本文结合上海渔业发展的实际,从理论角度探讨了渔业经济结构调整的内涵和规定性,并提出了上海渔业经济结构凋整的具体措施。     

关于江西省渔业结构调整问题的调研报

本文系统回顾、总结了江西省近十年渔业结构调整的四个阶段及每个阶段的主要特点和启示,分析并比较了目前该省渔业的发展现状及其在国内所处的位置,并指出了三个方面存在的问题,提出了今后该省渔业结构调整的目标以及拟采取的六大措施.     

陕西省2007年渔业工作要点

<正>以社会主义新农村建设统领渔业工作全局,认真贯彻落实全国渔业工作会议精神,以自主创新为动力,以质量效益为核心,加快渔业增长方式的转变,深化渔业结构调整,稳步     

拓展淡水渔业空间 实施产业结构调整

<正> 淡水渔业已成为江苏农村经济重要支柱之一。为进一步拓展淡水渔业发展空间,必须抓住时机实施战略性结构调整。 面向两个市场 淡水渔业结构调整首先要围绕国内外市场的需求,开发适销对路的产品。 在国内市场上,传统的“四大家鱼”在中低收入阶层仍有一定的市场,特种水产品随     

关于江西省渔业结构调整问题的调研报告

本文系统回顾、总结了江西省近十年渔业结构调整的四个阶段及每个阶段的主要特点和启示，分析并比较了目前该省渔业的发展现状及其在国内所处的位置，并指出了三个方面存在的问题，提出了今后该省渔业结构调整的目标以及拟采取的六大措施。     

结构调整带来养殖观念的转变——固始县胡族铺镇大力发展网箱养鳝

<正> 近几年胡族铺镇党委、政府,为了搞好结构调整,促进基地养殖的快速发展,加快了对基地配套体系的建设,使其成为全镇渔业发展的先导。但面对全镇8000多亩水面,如何使渔业成为全镇的支柱产业?如何在结构调整     

基于结构调整的青岛市海洋休闲渔业发展初探

由于近海渔业资源的减少,青岛市传统渔业面临困境,急需进行海洋渔业结构调整。基于青岛市海洋渔业调查分析,发展休闲渔业是缓解传统渔业困境,促进渔业转型的重要措施。青岛市休闲渔业有了较大的发展,但存在规划、管理、资金等方面的问题。可通过构建多元化对策体系,促进青岛市休闲渔业的健康可持续发展。     

渔业结构调整要善用“六法”

<正> 渔业结构调整是实现渔业增效、渔民增收的根本途径。近年来,各地在调整中探索总结出了很多经验,好的作法,但仍有一部分渔民受传统观念的影响,思想不够解放,难以寻找出调整结构的新点子、新路子。那么,怎样才能搞好结构调整呢?笔者愚见以为,要善用“六法”。 一是政府引导法。要搞好渔业结构调整,离不开政府的政策扶持、信息引导和技术指导服务。如政府制定出切实可行的调整政策、     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.